Colonial America

New Colonies ◦ 1629

Massachusetts Bay Company Great Migration

◦ 15,000 Puritans ◦ 1630s

Massachusetts ◦ John Winthrop◦ Boston◦ Royal Charter

Forming the Colonies

Connecticut ◦ Thomas Hooker

Hartford Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

◦ First written constitution of America Rhode Island

◦ Roger Williams◦ Religious freedom

New Hampshire◦ John Wheelwright

New England Colonies

Wampanoags◦ Metacomet

King Philip’s War◦ 14 months

Colonial Exapansion

Conflict with Native Americans

New Netherland Dutch West India Company

◦ Patroon Ruled like kings

New York◦ England sent fleet◦ Duke of York◦ Proprietary colony

Diverse First Jews to settle in North America

Middle Colonies

Duke of York divided his colony◦ Lord John Berkeley◦ Sir George Carterct

To attract settlers, proprietors offered◦ Large tracts of land◦ Freedom of religion◦ Trial by jury◦ Representative assembly

Royal colony

New Jersey

Quakers◦ Everyone is equal◦ Pacifists

William Penn◦ King Charles owed Penn’s father

Delaware became independent from Pennsylvania

Pennsylvania and Delaware

Virginia◦ Jamestown◦ Indentured servants

Maryland◦ Sir George Calvert, Lord Baltimore◦ Mason-Dixon Line

1760s Maryland and Pennsylvania argued over boundary

Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon◦ Act of Toleration

Ensured Protestants and Catholics the right to worship freely

Southern Colonies

1663, King Charles II named south a propriety ◦ Latin for “Charles’ Land”

John Locke◦ Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina

Two Carolinas 1729 Eliza Lucas

◦ Indigio

The Carolinas

1733 James Oglethorpe

◦ Received charter from George II Debtors and the poor Built forts to protect from Spanish invansion

Georgia

Bad soil◦ Subsistence farming◦ Depended on children◦ Women made household items

Small businesses (industrial) Colonial shipping trade Fishing

New England Economy

Fertile Soil◦ Cash crops

Industries◦ Small and large businesses

Diversity – Immigrants◦ Scotch-Irish, German, Dutch, and Swedish

Middle Colonies Economy

Warm Climate Cash Crops

◦ Tobacco and rice Plantations

◦ Village Little industry Enslaved people Plantation owners controlled economic and

political life of that region

Southern Colonies Economy

Maryland and Virginia◦ Tobacco

Indentured servants -> Slaves South Carolina and Georgia

◦ Rice◦ Fastest growing economies

Tobacco and Rice

West Africa◦ War/Rivalries

Need for workers The Middle Passage

◦ 2nd part of Triangular Trade Trade between Europe, Africa, and New World

Treated poorly Slave Market

Growth of Slavery

Mostly in the field Slave codes

◦ Couldn’t leave plantation without consent◦ Illegal to teach enslaved people to read or write◦ Seldom allowed to move freely

Punishments◦ Whipping, hanging, burning

Runaways Families torn apart Buy freedom

Life of a Slave

English ideals, trial by jury 2 principles

◦ Protected rights◦ Representative legislature

Protected rights◦ People elected delegates to make laws and

conduct government

Colonial Government

English Parliament◦ Power to legislate (make laws)◦ 2 chambers

House of Lords House of Commons

Glorious Revolution◦ Mid 1600s – Parliament and King James II struggle

for power 1688 – Parliament removed King James II and

crowned William and Mary◦ No ruler would have more power than legislature

Colonial Government

1689 Clear limits on a ruler’s power Stated that

◦ Ruler could not suspend Parliament’s laws◦ Impose taxes◦ Raise an army without Parliament’s consent

Members were freely elected Right to fair trial Banned cruel and unusual punishments

The English Bill of Rights

13 Colonies began as either charter or proprietary colony◦ Charter Colony

Based on a grant of rights by the English monarch Ex. Massachusetts

◦ Proprietary Colony Property of owner or group of owners

Ex. Pennsylvania Ruled how they wished

Named own governs and many other officials

◦ Royal Colony Under direct English control

Ex. Virginia

Government in America

Townspeople -> local government◦ Male landowners

Strong belief in their right to govern themselves

Local Government in the Colonies

Mercantilism Navigation Acts

◦ 1650s◦ Laws forced on colonists to sell raw materials to

England even over a better offer Taxed by England Colonial Resistance

◦ Accepted Navigation Acts◦ Revolted and led to American Revolution

English Economic Policies