Muscular Dystrophy (MD) is a group of inherited muscle diseases, in which muscle fibers are...
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Muscular Dystrophy (MD) is a group of inherited muscle diseases, in which muscle fibers are unusually susceptible to damage. Muscles, primarily voluntary
Muscular Dystrophy (MD) is a group of inherited muscle
diseases, in which muscle fibers are unusually susceptible to
damage. Muscles, primarily voluntary muscles, become progressively
weaker. In the late stages of muscular dystrophy, fat and
connective tissue often replace muscle fibers. Some types of
muscular dystrophy affect heart muscles, other involuntary muscles
and other organs.
Slide 4
The four types are pseudohypertrophic, facioscapulohumeal,
limb-girdle, and mixed type. Pseudohypertrophic Within 10-15 years,
the patient is expected to pass away Starts in early childhood
Facioscapulohumeral Does not shorten life Limb-Girdle Does not
shorten life Mixed Type By 5 years of having it, the patient is
expected to pass away
Slide 5
Between 3-5 years it affects leg and pelvic muscles and then
spreads throughout the body Spreads to the involuntary muscles
Muscle weakness produces a waddling walking stride, toe walking,
and lordosis Children will have difficulty climbing stairs, fall
down often, and cannot run properly Calf muscles become enlarged
and firm Muscles deteriorate rapidly Between ages 9-12, children
with this disorder become confined to wheel chairs Late in this
disease, rapid weakness of the cardiac muscle causes irregular
heart beat and electrocardiogram abnormalities Death commonly
results from sudden heart failure, respiratory failure, or
infection of the cardiac muscle
Slide 6
Slowly progresses Begins in muscular dystrophy that usually
occurs before age 10, but can also develop during teenage years It
initially weakens face muscles, shoulders, and upper arms, but like
pseudohypertrophic, it spreads to all voluntary muscles It produces
a pendulous lower lip Absence of the nasolabial fold The inability
to pucker the mouth or whistle Abnormal facial expressions when
laughing or crying Other signs could be the diffusion of facial
flattening that leads to a mask like expression Inability to raise
the arm above the head In infants, the inability to suckle
Slide 7
Begins between ages 6 and 10, but can also occur in early
adulthood, which is less often Muscle weakness first appears in the
upper arm and pelvic muscles Other symptoms include winging of the
scapulae Lordosis with abdominal profusion Waddling gait Poor
balance Inability to raise the arms
Slide 8
BBegins between ages 30 and 50 AAffects all voluntary muscles
CCauses rapid progressive deterioration
Slide 9
There is no known treatment that can stop this disease. But,
orthopedic technologies, as well as exercise and physical therapy,
and if necessary, surgery can correct cramps to preserve mobility
and independence. Family members who are carriers of this disease
should receive genetic counseling regarding the risk of
transmitting this disease. It is recommended for the carriers of
pseudohypertrophic to find out the fetuss sex when pregnant.
Therapy can help slow the progression of the disease.
Slide 10
MMuscular Dystrophy is caused by an X-linked recessive gene. It
is found on the X chromosome. Different types of muscular dystrophy
are due to errors in different proteins, determined by different
genes. Lack of dystrophin causes breakdown of muscle fibers that
leads to a specific clinical pattern that has been called Duchenne
muscular dystrophy. TThe different forms of muscular dystrophy are
caused by an error in a specific gene associated with muscle
function. It is caused by an abnormality on the 23 rd chromosome
pair.
Slide 11
"Muscular Dystrophy." Professional Guide to Diseases. Ed.
Stanley Loeb. 3rd ed. Springhouse, PA: Springhouse, 1989. 521-22.
Print. Muscular Dystrophy Canada: Genetics. Muscular Dystrophy
Canada: Muscle.ca. Web. 01 June 2011.
http://www.muscle.ca/national/musc
ular-dystrophy/genetics.html.