1

(MPEP)

2100

92015 11

2101-2102 []

2103 [R-07.2015]

2104 [R-07.2015]

2105 [R-07.2015]

2106 [R-07.2015]

2106.01 []

2107 [R-11.2013]

2107.01 [R-11.2013]

2107.02 [R-11.2013]

2107.03 [R-08.2012]

2108-2110 []

2111 [R-07.2015]

2111.01 [R-07.2015]

2111.02 [R-08.2012]

2111.03 [R-08.2012]

2111.04 (Adapted to)(Adapted for)

(Wherein)(Whereby)[R-07.2015]

2111.05 [R-07.2015]

2112 [R-07.2015]

2112.01 [R-07.2015]

2112.02 [R-07.2015]

2113 [R-08.2012]

2114 [R-07.2015]

2

2115 [R-07.2015]

2116 []

2116.01 [R-08.2012]

2117-2120 []

2121 [R-08.2012]

2121.01 [R-08.2012]

2121.02 [R-08.2012]

2121.03 [R-08.2012]

2121.04 [R-08.2012]

2122 [R-08.2012]

2123 [R-08.2012]

2124 [R-

11.2013]

2124.01 [R-08.2012]

2125 [R-08.2012]

2126 102 (a) 102 (a)(b)(d)

[R-11.2013]

2126.01 [R-11.2013]

2126.02

[R-11.2013]

2127 [R-07.2015]

2128 [R-11.2013]

2128.01 [R-07.2015]

2128.02 [R-08.2012]

2129 [R-08.2012]

2130 []

2131 102 [R-11.2013]

2131.01 102 [R-11.2013]

3

2131.02 [R-11.2013]

2131.03 [R-07.2015]

2131.04 [R-08.2012]

2131.05 [R-08.2012]

2132 102 (a) [R-11.2013]

2132.01 102 (a) [R-11.2013]

2133 102 (b) [R-07.2015]

2133.01 (CIP)[R-11.2013]

2133.02 [R-11.2013]

2133.03 [R-11.2013]

2133.03(a) [R-11.2013]

2133.03(b) [R-11.2013]

2133.03(c) [R-11.2013]

2133.03(d) [R-11.2013]

2133.03(e) [R-11.2013]

2133.03(e)(1) [R-11.2013]

2133.03(e)(2) [R-11.2013]

2133.03(e)(3) [R-11.2013]

2133.03(e)(4) [R-11.2013]

2133.03(e)(5) [R-11.2013]

2133.03(e)(6) [R-11.2013]

2133.03(e)(7) [R-11.2013]

2134 102 (c) [R-11.2013]

2135 102 (d) [R-11.2013]

2135.01 102 (d) 4[R-11.2013]

2136 102 (e) [R-11.2013]

2136.01 [R-11.2013]

2136.02 [R-11.2013]

2136.03 [R-11.2013]

2136.04 [R-11.2013]

2136.05 102 (e)[R-11.2013]

2137 102(f) [R-11.2013]

2137.01 [R-07.2015]

2137.02 103 (c) [R-11.2013]

4

2138 102 (g) [R-11.2013]

2138.01 [R-11.2013]

2138.02 [R-11.2013]

2138.03 [R-11.2013]

2138.04 [R-11.2013]

2138.05 [R-11.2013]

2138.06 [R-11.2013]

2139-2140 []

2141 103 [R-07.2015]

2141.01 [R-11.2013]

2141.01(a) [R-08.2012]

2141.02 [R-08.2012]

2141.03 [R-08.2012]

2142 [R-07.2015]

2143 [R-08.2012]

2143.01 [R-11.2013]

2143.02 [R-08.2012]

2143.03 [R-08.2012]

2144 103 [R-07.2015]

2144.01 [R-08.2012]

2144.02 [R-08.2012]

2144.03 [R-08.2012]

2144.04 [R-11.2013]

2144.05 [R-07.2015]

2144.06 [R-08.2012]

2144.07 [R-08.2012]

2144.08 [R-07.2015]

2144.09 ()[R-08.2012]

2145 [R-08.2012]

2146 103 (c)[R-11.2013]

2147-2149 []

2150 102 103

5

[R-11.2013]

2151 102 103 [R-11.2013]

2152 102 (a)(b) [R-11.2013]

2152.01 [R-11.2013]

2152.02 102 (a)(1)(

) [R-11.2013]

2152.02(a) [R-11.2013]

2152.02(b) [R-11.2013]

2152.02(c) [R-11.2013]

2152.02(d) [R-11.2013]

2152.02(e) [R-11.2013]

2152.02(f) [R-11.2013]

2152.03 [R-11.2013]

2152.04 [R-11.2013]

2153 102 (a)(1) 102 (b)(1)

( 102 (b)(1) 102 (a)(1)

) [R-11.2013]

2153.01 102 (a)(1) 102

(b)(1)(A)(

) [R-11.2013]

2153.01(a) [R-11.2013]

2153.01(b) [R-11.2013]

2153.02 102 (a)(1) 102

(b)(1)(B) ()

[R-11.2013]

2154

[R-11.2013]

2154.01 102 (a)(2) [R-11.2013]

2154.01(a) WIPO [R-11.2013]

2154.01(b) 102 (d) [R-

11.2013]

2154.01(c) [R-11.2013]

2154.02 102 (a)(2) 102 (b)(2)

[R-11.2013]

2154.02(a) 102 (a)(2) 102 (b)(2)(A)

() [R-11.2013]

2154.02(b) 102 (a)(2) 102 (b)(2)(B)

6

() [R-11.2013]

2154.02(c) 102 (a)(2) 102 (b)(2)(C)

() [R-11.2013]

2155 1.130

[R-07.2015]

2155.01 [R-11.2013]

2155.02

[R-11.2015]

2155.03

[R-

11.2013]

2155.04 [R-11.2013]

2155.05 1.130 [R-11.2013]

2155.06 [R-11.2013]

2156 [R-11.2013]

2157 [R-07.2015]

2158 103 [R-07.2015]

2159

[R-11.2013]

2159.01 2013 3 16 [R-11.2013]

2159.02 2013 3 16 [R-11.2013]

2159.03 2013 3 16

[R-11.2013]

2159.04 2013 3 16

[R-11.2013]

2160 []

2161 112(a)11213

[R-07.2015]

2161.01 112 (a) 112

1[R-07.2015]

2162 112 (a) 112 1[R-11.2013]

2163 112 (a) 112 1

7

[R-07.2015]

2163.01 [R-11.2013]

2163.02 [R-11.2013]

2163.03 [R-07.2015]

2163.04 [R-11.2013]

2163.05 [R-07.2015]

2163.06 [R-11.2013]

2163.07 [R-08.2012]

2163.07(a) [R-08.2012]

2163.07(b) [R-11.2013]

2164 [R-11.2013]

2164.01 [R-08.2012]

2164.01(a) [R-08.2012]

2164.01(b) [R-08.2012]

2164.01(c) [R-11.2013]

2164.02 [R-11.2013]

2164.03 [R-08.2012]

2164.04 [R-11.2013]

2164.05 [R-08.2012]

2164.05(a) [R-08.2012]

2164.05(b) [R-08.2012]

2164.06 [R-08.2012]

2164.06(a) [R-07.2015]

2164.06(b) [R-08.2012]

2164.06(c) [R-07.2015]

2164.07 101 [R-11.2013]

2164.08 [R-11.2013]

2164.08(a) [R-11.2013]

2164.08(b) [R-08.2012]

2164.08(c) [R-08.2012]

2165 [R-11.2013]

2165.01 [R-11.2013]

2165.02 [R-11.2013]

2165.03 [R-11.2013]

2165.04 [R-08.2012]

2166-2170 []

2171 112 (b) 112 2 2 [R-

8

11.2013]

2172 [R-11.2013]

2172.01 [R-11.2013]

2173 [R-11.2013]

2173.01 [R-07.2015]

2173.02 [R-07.2015]

2173.03 () [R-07.2015]

2173.04 [R-07.2015]

2173.05 112 (b) 112 2

[R-112013]

2173.05(a) [R-07.2015]

2173.05(b) [R-07.2015]

2173.05(c) [R-11.2013]

2173.05(d) ((for example)(such as)) [R-

07.2015]

2173.05(e) [R-07.2015]

2173.05(f) [R-11.2013]

2173.05(g) [R-07.2015]

2173.05(h) [R-11.2013]

2173.05(i) [R-11.2013]

2173.05(j) [R-11.2013]

2173.05(k) [R-08.2012]

2173.05(l) []

2173.05(m) [R-08.2012]

2173.05(n) [R-11.2013]

2173.05(o) [R-08.2012]

2173.05(p)

[R-11.2013]

2173.05(q) Use()[R-11.2013]

2173.05(r) [R-11.2013]

2173.05(s) [R-08.2012]

2173.05(t) [R-11.2013]

2173.05(u) [R-11.2013]

2173.05(v) [R-11.2013]

2173.06 [R-07.2015]

2174 112 (a)(b) 112 1 2

[R-11.2013]

9

2175-2180 []

2181 112 (f) 112 6

[R-07.2015]

2182 [R-11.2013]

2183 [R-11.2013]

2184 [R-

11.2013]

2185 112 (a)(b) 112 1 2

[R-07.2015]

2186 [R-11.2013]

2187-2189 []

2190 [R-08.2012]

10

2101-2102 []

2103 [R-07.2015]

I.

1

(USPTO)

USPTO

USPTO

USPTO

A.

(Brenner v. Manson, 383 U.S. 519, 528-36, 148 USPQ 689, 693-96 (1966) Fisher, 421

F.3d 1365, 76 USPQ2d 1225 (Fed. Cir. 2005) Ziegler, 992 F.2d 1197, 1200-03, 26

USPQ2d 1600, 1603-06 (Fed. Cir. 1993))

USPTO

()

MPEP

2107 11

B.

11

USPTO

(A)

()

(B) 1

USPTO

C.

USPTO

1

Hiniker Co., 150 F.3d

1362, 1369, 47 USPQ2d 1523, 1529 (Fed. Cir. 1998)(

)

USPTO

USPTO

USPTO

(A)

(B) (adapted to))(adapted for)

(C) (wherein)

(D) (whereby)

Griffin v.Bertina, 285 F.3d 1029, 1034, 62 USPQ2d 1431(Fed. Cir. 2002)(

12

)MPEP2111.02 2111.04 USPTO

MPEP2111

USPTO

Kemco Sales, Inc. v. Control Papers Company, Inc., 208 F.3d 1352, 54 USPQ2d

1308 (Fed. Cir. 2000)MPEP2181 MPEP

2186

USPTO

USPTO

Diamond v. Diehr, 450 U.S. 175, 188-89, 209 USPQ 1, 9 (1981)(

101

)

II.

101 USPTO

USPTO ,

112 (f) 112 6 MPEP2181 MPEP2186

III. 101

A. 101

101

13

101 4

3

(

) 100 (b)((

)

)

4

()Alice

Corp. Pty. Ltd. v. CLS Bank Int'l, 573 U.S. _, 134 S. Ct. 2347, 2354, 110USPQ2d

1976, 1980 (2014) (Association for Molecular Pathology v. Myriad Genetics, Inc.,

569U.S. _, 133 S. Ct. 2107, 2116, 106 USPQ2d 1972,1979 (2013)) Bilski v.

Kappos, 561U.S.593, 601, 130 S. Ct. 3218, 3225, 95 USPQ2d1001, 1005-06 (2010)

(Diamond v.Chakrabarty, 447 U.S. 303, 309, 206 USPQ 193,197 (1980))

Alice

Corp.,134 S. Ct. at 2354, 110 USPQ2d at 1980 (Bilski, 561 U.S. at 611-612, 95 USPQ2d

at 1010 )(

,,)

[]

Gottschalk v. Benson, 409 U.S. 63, 71, 72, 175 USPQ 673, 676 (1972)

1852 LeRoy v. Tatham, 55 U.S. 156, 175

(1852)(

)

Mayo

Collaborative Serv. v.Prometheus Labs., Inc., 566 U.S. _, 132 S. Ct. 1289,1293,

101 USPQ2d 1961, 1965 (2012) ( Gottschalk v. Benson, 409 U.S. 63, 67, 97, 175USPQ

673, 675 (1972))

Alice Corp., 134 S. Ct. at 2354,110 USPQ2d at 1980 (Mayo, 132 S.

Ct. at1293, 101 USPQ2d at 1965 )

,

Alice, 134 S. Ct. at 2354, 110USPQ2d at 1980 (Mayo, 132 S. Ct. at 1293,101 USPQ2d

at 1965 )

Alice, 134S. Ct. at 2354, 110 USPQ2d at

14

1980-81 (Diamond v. Diehr, 450 U.S. 174, 187 (1981))

Alice, 134 S. Ct. at 2354, 110 USPQ2dat 1980 (Benson,

409 U.S. at 67, 175 USPQ at 675 )

Mayo, 132 S. Ct. at1294, 101 USPQ2d at 1965 101

Alice, 134 S. Ct. at 2360, 110 USPQ2d

at 1985 (Mayo 132S. Ct. at 1294, 101 USPQ2d at 1966 )

,

,Mayo

Collaborative Serv. v. Prometheus Labs., Inc., 566 U.S. _, 132 S. Ct. 1289, 1301,

101 USPQ2d1961, 1966 (2013)Alice,

134 S. Ct. at2355, 110 USPQ2d at 1981 Mayo

MPEP2106 1

(,)

2

2

Alice, 134 S. Ct. at 2355,110 USPQ2d at 1981 (Mayo 132 S. Ct. at1294, 101 USPQ2d

at 1966 )

Bilski v. Kappos, 561 U.S.593, 130 S. Ct. 3218, 95 USPQ2d 1001 (2010)

101

101

,

(

)

101

112 102 103

Bilski

101 1

101102

103 112

112 102 103

15

101

101

MPEP2106

101 ,

MPEP2107

IV. 112

A. 112 (b) 112 2

112 (b) 112 2 2

(A)

(B)

112 (b)

11221(MPEP2171MPEP2172.01

)

112 (b) 112 2

2

MPEP2181

2186

112 (b) 112 2

MPEP2173

MPEP2181 MPEP2186

MPEP2173

B. 112 (a) 112 1

112 (a) 112 3

(A)

(B)

(C)

1.

16

MPEP2163

2.

112 (a) 112 1

MPEP2164

3.

2

(1)

(2)

MPEP2165

Fonar Corp. v. General Elec.Co.,

107 F.3d 1543, 1548-49, 41 USPQ2d at 1804-05

V. 102 103

102 103

102

103 MPEP2131 MPEP

2146

102 USPTO

103

VI.

USPTO 101 112 102 103

17

2104 [R-07.2015]

101

101 4

11

2

MPEP804

2( 1.41(b))2012 9 16

2012 9 16

MPEP2137.01

MPEP602.01(c)

101115MPEP706.03(a),IV(102

102 (f))

3 4

1

MPEP2106

MPEP2105

4

MPEP2107

18

2105 [R-07.2015]

I.

Diamond v. Chakrabarty, 447 U.S. 303, 206 USPQ 193 (1980)

101

Chakrabarty ,

(AIA) 112-29, sec. 33(a), 125 Stat.

284(2011 9 16 )

II.

A.

Chakrabarty 4

1

Chakrabarty

1. 101

2. (any)

3.

5 Writings of Thomas Jefferson, 75-76 Washington ed. 1871)Graham v.

John Deere Co., 383 U.S. 1, 7-10,148 USPQ459, 462-464 (1966) 1836

1870 1874 1952

(art)(process)

1952

S. Rep. No. 1979,82d Cong., 2d Sess., 5 (1952)

H. R. Rep. No.1923, 82d Cong., 2d Sess., 6 (1952)

4.

Chakrabarty

101

Chakrabarty

101 Ex parte Allen, 2

USPQ2d 1425 (Bd. Pat. App. & Inter. 1987)

19

101

Allen PTO

101

PTO (1077 O.G. 24, April

21, 1987)

( 161 164 )

(7 U.S.C.()2321 )

101

J.E.M. Ag Supply, Inc. v. Pioneer Hi-Bred Intl, Inc.,

534 U.S. 124, 143-46, 122 S.Ct. 593,605-06, 60 USPQ2d 1865, 1874 (2001)( 101

)Chakrabarty

1930

2[

]

S.

Rep. No. 315, 71st Cong., 2d Sess., 6-8 (1930)H.R. Rep. No. 1129, 71st Cong., 2d

Sess., 7-9 (1930) Ex parte Hibberd, 227 USPQ 443 (Bd. Pat. App. & Inter. 1985)

101

MPEP2106I

B.

Chakrabarty

1. 101

2.

E=mc2

3.

[]

4. Funk Brothers Seed Co. & Kalo Inoculant Co., 333 U.S.127, 76 USPQ 280 (1948)

20

101

Chakrabarty

MPEP2106, II

Chakrabarty, 447

U.S. at 310 Roslin Institute (Edinburgh), 750 F.3d 1333, 1336,110 USPQ2d

1668, 1671 (Fed. Cir. 2014)Roslin

-,

(Dolly)

Roslin, 750 F.3d at

1337,110 USPQ2d at 1671

www.uspto. gov/patent/ laws-and - regulations/examination-

policy/2014-interim-guidance-subject-matter-eligibility-0 2014

Interim Guidance on Patent Subject Matter Eligibility, 79Fed. Reg. 74618 (2014 12

16 )MPEP2106, II

III.

(AIA), 112-29, sec. 33(a), 125 Stat. 284

(USPTO)

157 Cong. Rec. E1177-04(2004, 108-199, 634, 118 Stat. 3, 101

Dave Weldon

149 Cong. Rec. E2417-01 ) 33 (a)

USPTO

101

33 (a) 7.04.03

MPEP706.03(a)

21

102

103 112

22

2106 [R-07.2015]

101 2

(1) 4 1

(2)

2

I. 4

14

14 1

101

4

i. 1Gottschalk v. Benson, 409 U.S. 63, 70,

175 USPQ 673, 676 (1972)(

1()(Cochrane v. Deener,

94 U.S. 780,788, 24 L. Ed. 139, 1877 Dec. Comm'r Pat. 242(1876)))NTP, Inc.

v. Research in Motion, Ltd., 418F.3d 1282, 1316, 75 USPQ2d 1763, 1791 (Fed. Cir.

2005)((Minton v. Natl. Assn. of Securities Dealers,

336F.3d 1373, 336 F.3d 1373, 1378, 67 USPQ2d 1614,1681 (Fed. Cir. 2003)))

100 (b)Bilski v. Kappos, 561 U.S.593, 130 S. Ct. 3218, 95USPQ2d 1001

(2010)

ii. Burr v. Duryee, 68

U.S. (1 Wall.) 531, 570,17 L. Ed. 650 (1863)

Corning v. Burden, 56 U.S. 252, 267, 14 L. Ed. 683 (1854)

iii.

Diamonds.

Chakrabarty, 447 U.S. 303, 308, 206 USPQ 193,197 (1980) () (Am. Fruit

Growers, Inc. v. Brogdex Co., 283 U.S. 1, 11, 51 S. Ct. 328, 75 L. Ed. 801, 1931

(Dec. Comm'r Pat. 711(1931)))

iv.

2

Chakrabarty, 447U.S. at 308, 206 USPQ at 197

1

i. ()Nuijten, 500 F.3d

1346, 1357,84 USPQ2d 1495, 1503 (Fed. Cir. 2007)

ii.(AIA) 112-29, sec. 33, 125Stat. 284(2011

23

9 16 )

iii. 2 Ferguson, 558 F.3d 1359, 1364,90 USPQ2d 1035, 1039-

40 (Fed. Cir. 2009) ()

iv. Gottschalk v. Benson, 409 U.S. at 72, 175 USPQ at

676-77

v. Ferguson, 558 F.3d at 1366, 90USPQ at 1040

vi. Miller, 418 F.2d 1392, 1396, 164 USPQ 46, 49(CCPA 1969)

;

viiDigitech Image Tech., LLC v. Electronics for Imaging, Inc., 758

F.3d 1344, 1350,111 USPQ2d 1717, 1720 (Fed. Cir. 2014)

(

)

1

( 1: NO) 101

Nuijten, 500 F.3d 1346, 84 USPQ2d 1495 (Fed. Cir.

2007)

101

101

4 1

101

7.05 7.05.01 MPEP706.03a

1

2

II. 4

2

Alice Corp. Pty. Ltd. v. CLS Bank Int'l, 573 U.S. _,

134 S. Ct.2347, 2354, 110 USPQ2d 1976, 1980 (2014) (Association for Molecular

Pathology v. Myriad Genetics, Inc. 569 U.S. _, 133 S. Ct. 2107, 2116,106 USPQ2d

1972, 1979 (2013))Bilskiv. Kappos, 561 U.S.593, 601, 130 S. Ct. 3218, 3225,95

USPQ2d 1001, 1005-06 (2010)(101

3

)(Diamond v. Chakrabarty, 447 U.S. 303, 309, 206 USPQ 193, 197 (1980))

101 4

24

() 1

()

Diamond v. Diehr, 450 U.S. 175, 185, 209 USPQ1, 7 (1981)

Chakrabarty, 447 U.S. at 309, 206 USPQ at 197Parker v. Flook, 437 U.S. 584, 589,

198 USPQ 193, 197 (1978)Benson, 409 U.S. at 67-68 , 175 USPQ at 675

Le Roy

v. Tatham,55 U.S.(14 How.) 156, 175 (1852)

Funk Bros.Seed Co. v. Kalo Inoculant Co., 333 U.S. 127, 130, 76 USPQ 280, 281

(1948)

101

Chakrabarty, 447 U.S.at 309,

206 USPQ at 197 E=mc2

Flook, 437 U.S. at 585, 198 USPQ

at 195OReilly v. Morse, 56 U.S. (15 How.) 62, 113-114

(1853)Funk, 333 U.S.at 130,

76 USPQ at 281Le Roy, 55 U.S. (14 How.) at 175

Alice Corp., 134 S. Ct. at2357, 110 USPQ2d at 1981

Mayo Collaborative Serv. v. Prometheus Labs., Inc., 566U.S. _, 132 S. Ct. 1289,

1293-94, 101 USPQ2d 1961,1965-66 (2012) (Diehr, 450 U.S. at 187, 209USPQ at 7

)

www.uspto.gov/patent/laws-and-regulations/Examination

-policy/2014-interim-guidance-subject-matter-eligibility-0

25

2014 Interim Guidance on Patent Subject Matter Eligibility, 79Fed. Reg. 74618 (2014

12 16 )

III.

USPTO

()

USPTO

1 1

Oetiker, 977 F.2d 1443, 1445, 24 USPQ2d 1443, 1444 (Fed. Cir. 1992)

USPTO

USPTO

Brana, 51 F.3d 1560, 1566, 34 USPQ2d 1436,

1441 (Fed. Cir. 1995)

101

102 103 112 101

()

2106.01 []

26

2107 [R-11.2013]

I.

101112(a)112 1

101 112 (a) 112 1

II.

101 112 (a) 112 1

()

(A)

(1)

(2) ()

(3)

(i)(

)

(ii)

(B)

(1) (

)

(i)

101

(ii) (

)

1

(2)

27

101

112 (a)

112 1 112 (a)

112 1 101

101

(3)

101

112 (a) 112 1

101 112

(i)

(ii)

(C)

(

)

(1)

(i)

(ii)

(iii)

(2)

(i)

(ii)

(iii)

28

(3)

(D)

1.132

101

101 112 (a)

112 1

2107.01 [R-11.2013]

101

101 MPEP2107

USPTO 101

101 3

1 101 1 1 2

2

MPEP 804

29

2 101

Diamond

v.Chakrabarty, 447 U.S. 303, 206 USPQ 193 (1980)Diamond v. Diehr, 450 U.S. 175,

209 USPQ 1 (1981) Nuijten, 500F.3d 1346, 1354, 84 USPQ2d 1495, 1500 (Fed. Cir.

2007)

3 101

2 I 8

Carl Zeiss Stiftung v.Renishaw

PLC, 945 F.2d 1173, 20 USPQ2d 1094 (Fed. Cir. 1991)

101

101

101 2 1

Brenner v.

Manson, 383 U.S. 519, 148 USPQ 689 (1966); Fisher, 421 F.3d 1365, 76 USPQ2d 1225

(Fed. Cir. 2005); Ziegler, 992 F.2d 1197, 26 USPQ2d 1600 (Fed. Cir. 1993)

2

I.

101

Brenner v. Manson, 383 U.S. 519, 529, 148 USPQ 689, 693 (1966)

()

101

Nelsonv. Bowler, 626 F.2d 853, 206 USPQ 881 (CCPA

1980) 101

USPTO

101

Nelson v.Bowler, 626 F.2d 853, 856, 206 USPQ 881, 883 (CCPA 1980)

USPTO

30

A.

Fisher, 421 F.3d 1365, 1371, 76 USPQ2d 1225,

1230 (Fed. Cir. 2005)

Kirk, 376 F.2d 936, 153 USPQ 48 (CCPA 1967); Joly,

376 F.2d 906, 153 USPQ 45 (CCPA 1967)

DNA

Fisher, 421 F.3d at 137476

USPQ2d at 1232 ( EST[]

[]7

[] 32,000 EST

EST 5 EST

[] EST 101

)

Knapp v. Anderson, 477 F.2d 588, 177

USPQ 688 (CCPA 1973)

B.

Fisher, 421 F.3d at 137176 USPQ2d at 1230Fisher

(EST)

EST

EST

[]

[]

31

EST

Id. at 137676 USPQ2d at 1233-34)

(A)

(B)

(C) /

(D)

(E)

Brenner v. Manson, 383 U.S. 519, 534-35, 148 USPQ 689, 695 (1966)

C.

()

II.

()

32

Newman v. Quigg, 877 F.2d

1575, 1581, 11 USPQ2d 1340, 1345 (Fed. Cir. 1989); Harwood, 390 F.2d 985, 989, 156

USPQ 673, 676 (CCPA 1968)(

101 )[

] 101

Brooktree Corp. v. Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.,

977 F.2d 1555, 1571, 24 USPQ2d 1401, 1412 (Fed. Cir. 1992)()

E.I. du Pont De Nemours and Co. v. Berkley and Co., 620 F.2d

1247, 1260 n.17, 205 USPQ 1, 10 n.17 (8th Cir. 1980)(

Brana, 51

F.3d 1560, 34 USPQ2d 1436 (Fed. Cir. 1995); Gardner, 475 F.2d 1389, 177 USPQ 396

(CCPA), rehg denied, 480 F.2d 879 (CCPA 1973); Marzocchi, 439 F.2d 220, 169 USPQ

367 (CCPA 1971)

USPTO

Citron, 325

F.2d 248, 253, 139 USPQ 516, 520 (CCPA 1963) USPTO

Sichert, 566 F.2d 1154, 196 USPQ 209 (CCPA 1977)

()

(Fregeau v. Mossinghoff, 776 F.2d 1034, 227 USPQ 848 (Fed. Cir. 1985))

(Newman v.Quigg, 877 F.2d 1575, 11 USPQ2d 1340 (Fed. Cir. 1989))

( Houghton, 433 F.2d 820, 167 USPQ 687 (CCPA 1970))

( Swartz, 232 F.3d 862, 56 USPQ2d 1703, (Fed. Cir.

2000))

( Ruskin, 354 F.2d 395, 148 USPQ 221 (CCPA 1966))

( Citron, 325 F.2d 248, 139 USPQ 516 (CCPA 1963))( Eltgroth,

419 F.2d 918, 164 USPQ 221 (CCPA 1970))

33

III.

Chilowsky, 229 F.2d 457, 461-2, 108 USPQ 321,

325 (CCPA 1956)(

) Gazave, 379 F.2d 973, 978, 154 USPQ 92, 96 (CCPA

1967)(

)

101 Nelson

Nelson v. Bowler, 626 F.2d 853, 856, 206 USPQ 881, 883

(CCPA 1980)

Nelson

Nelson v. Bowler

Nelson v. Bowler, 626 F.2d 853, 856, 206 USPQ 881, 883 (CCPA 1980)

Nelson v. Bowler

Nelson

Bowler Nelson

Nelson

Nelson

(

)Nelson

Nelson

34

Bowler

Nelson

Jolles, 628 F.2d 1322, 206 USPQ 885 (CCPA 1980)

Cross v. Iizuka, 753 F.2d 1040, 224 USPQ 739 (Fed. Cir. 1985)

Cross Iizuka

Iizuka

Nelson v. Bowler

Cross, 753 F.2d at 1048224 USPQat 745 ( Kirk, 376 F.2d 936, 941,

153 USPQ 48, 52 (CCPA 1967))

Cross v. Iizuka, 753 F.2d 1040, 1051, 224

USPQ 739, 747-48 (Fed. Cir. 1985)

1

FDA

FDA Scott [v.

Finney], 34 F.3d 1058, 1063, 32 USPQ2d 1115, 1120 [(Fed.Cir. 1994)]

2

Brana, 51 F.3d 1560, 34 USPQ2d 1436 (Fed. Cir. 1995)

35

101 Sichert, 566 F.2d 1154, 196 USPQ 209

(CCPA 1977); Hartop, 311 F.2d 249, 135 USPQ 419 (CCPA 1962); Anthony, 414 F.2d

1383, 162 USPQ 594 (CCPA 1969); Watson, 517 F.2d 465, 186 USPQ 11 (CCPA 1975)

101

MPEP

2107.03

IV. 112 (a) 112 1 101

101112(a)1121

Brana, 51 F.3d 1560, 34 USPQ2d 1436 (Fed. Cir. 1995); Jolles,

628 F.2d 1322, 1326 n.10, 206 USPQ 885, 889 n.11 (CCPA 1980); Fouche, 439 F.2d

1237, 1243, 169 USPQ 429, 434 (CCPA 1971)(

)

112 101 101

112 Ziegler, 992 F.2d 1197,

1200-1201, 26 USPQ2d 1600, 1603 (Fed. Cir. 1993)( 112

101

101

112

) Kirk, 376 F.2d 936, 942, 153 USPQ 48, 53 (CCPA 1967)(

112

)

Brana, 51 F.3d 1560, 34 USPQ2d 1436 (Fed. Cir. 1995)

101 112 (a)

112 1

101112(a)112 1

(

) 101

112(a)1121

112(a)1121

101

112(a)1121

112(a)1121

36

112(a)112

1 101

101 112 (a)

1121112(a)

112 1

101

112(a)1121

( Vaeck, 947 F.2d 488, 495, 20 USPQ2d 1438, 1444 (Fed. Cir. 1991))

( Wright, 999 F.2d 1557,

1561-1562, 27 USPQ2d 1510, 1513 (Fed. Cir. 1993))

(Chemcast Corp. v. Arco Indus. Corp., 913 F.2d 923,

927-928, 16 USPQ2d 1033, 1036-1037 (Fed. Cir. 1990))Transco

Products Inc. v. Performance Contracting Inc., 38 F.3d 551, 32 USPQ2d 1077 (Fed.

Cir. 1994); Glaxo Inc. v. Novopharm Ltd. 52 F.3d 1043, 34 USPQ2d 1565 (Fed. Cir.

1995)

112(a) 112

1

101 112

112 (a)

112 1101112(a)

112 1

2107.02 [R-11.2013]

I.

()

101

37

(

)

()

101 112

Raytheon v. Roper, 724 F.2d 951, 958, 220 USPQ 592, 598 (Fed. Cir. 1983), cert.

denied, 469 U.S. 835 (1984) ( 1

101 )

Gottlieb, 328 F.2d 1016, 1019, 140USPQ 665, 668 (CCPA 1964)(

) Malachowski, 530 F.2d

1402, 189 USPQ 432 (CCPA 1976); Hoffman v. Klaus, 9 USPQ2d 1657 (Bd. Pat. App. &

Inter. 1988) 1

USPTO 101

112 Tol-O-

Matic, Inc. v. Proma Produkt-Und Mktg. Gesellschaft m.b.h., 945 F.2d 1546, 1553, 20

USPQ2d 1332, 1338 (Fed. Cir. 1991) ( 101

)

USPTO

Carl Zeiss

Stiftung v. Renishaw PLC, 945 F.2d 1173, 20 USPQ2d 1094 (Fed. Cir. 1991); Krimmel,

292 F.2d 948, 130 USPQ 215 (CCPA 1961)

II.

A.

38

()

101 112 (a)

112 1

Brenner v. Manson, 383 US 519, 148 USPQ 689 (1966) (

101 ) Ziegler, 992 F.2d 1197, 1201, 26

USPQ2d 1600, 1604 (Fed. Cir. 1993) (

) Kirk,

376 F.2d 936, 153 USPQ 48 (CCPA 1967)(

) Joly, 376 F.2d

906, 153 USPQ 45 (CCPA 1967)Kawai v.Metlesics, 480 F.2d 880, 890, 178 USPQ 158,

165 (CCPA 1973)(

)

1

112 (a) 112 1

B.

(i)(

)(ii)

101 112 (a)

112 1 Folkers, 344 F.2d 970, 145 USPQ 390

(CCPA 1965)

39

()

101

112(a)1121

MPEP2701

III.

A.

101

Jolles, 628 F.2d 1322,

206 USPQ 885 (CCPA 1980); Irons, 340 F.2d 974, 144 USPQ 351 (CCPA 1965); Langer,

503 F.2d 1380, 183 USPQ 288 (CCPA 1974); Sichert, 566 F.2d 1154, 1159, 196 USPQ

209, 212-13 (CCPA 1977) Langer

USPTO

101

Langer, 503 F.2d at 1391183 USPQat 297Langer

112 (a)

112 1 101

Brana, 51 F.3d 1560, 34 USPQ2d 1436 (Fed. Cir. 1995)

112 (a) 112 1

Langer Marzocchi, 439 F.2d

220, 223, 169 USPQ 367, 369 (CCPA 1971)

112

1

()

40

Langer USPTO

Langer, 503 F.2d at 1391183 USPQat 297;

Malachowski, 530 F.2d 1402, 1404, 189 USPQ 432, 435 (CCPA 1976); Brana, 51 F.3d

1560, 34 USPQ2d 1436 (Fed. Cir. 1995)

(

)

101 Raytheon v. Roper, 724 F.2d 951,

956, 220 USPQ 592, 596 (Fed. Cir. 1983) cert. denied, 469 U.S. 835 (1984)

()

Oetiker, 977 F.2d 1443, 1445, 24 USPQ2d 1443, 1444 (Fed. Cir.

1992)(

) Corkill,

771 F.2d 1496, 1500, 226 USPQ 1005, 1008 (Fed. Cir. 1985)

Herman v.

Huddleston, 459 U.S. 375, 390 (1983)

Brana, 51 F.3d 1560, 34 USPQ2d 1436 (Fed. Cir. 1995)

(

)

B.

(

)

(A)

(B)

41

101

USPTO

USPTO

101

101

2

Gazave, 379 F.2d 973, 978,

154 USPQ 92, 96 (CCPA 1967)

101

MPEP2107.03

IV. USPTO

101 USPTO (A)

(B)

Gaubert, 524 F.2d 1222, 1224, 187 USPQ 664, 666 (CCPA 1975)(PTO

)USPTO 101

Oetiker, 977 F.2d 1443, 1445, 24 USPQ2d 1443, 1444 (Fed. Cir.

1992) (

)Fregeau v. Mossinghoff, 776 F.2d

1034, 227 USPQ 848 (Fed. Cir. 1985)( 101 )

Piasecki, 745 F.2d 1468, 223 USPQ 785 (Fed. Cir. 1984)

42

()

(A)

(B)

(C)

(A)

(B)

(C)

101

USPTO

V.

USPTO

Pottier, 376 F.2d 328, 330, 153 USPQ 407, 408 (CCPA 1967)(

) Jolles, 628 F.2d 1322, 1327,

206 USPQ 885, 890 (CCPA 1980) Citron, 325 F.2d 248, 139 USPQ 516 (CCPA 1963)

Novak, 306 F.2d 924, 928, 134 USPQ 335, 337 (CCPA1962) Citron

325 F.2d at 253139 USPQat 520

101

325 F.2d at 252139 USPQat 519

43

(

)

(

)

USPTO

Brana, 51 F.3d 1560, 34 USPQ2d 1436 (Fed. Cir. 1995) (

Bundy, 642 F.2d 430, 433, 209 USPQ 48, 51 (CCPA 1981))Brana

51

F.3d at 156634 USPQ2d at 1441

Isaacs, 347 F.2d 887, 890, 146 USPQ 193, 196 (CCPA 1965)

VI.

101 112 (a)

112 1

Oetiker, 977 F.2d 1443, 1445, 24 USPQ2d 1443, 1444 (Fed. Cir.

1992)(

)

1.132

Grunwell, 609 F.2d 486, 203 USPQ 1055 (CCPA 1979); Buchner, 929 F.2d 660, 18

USPQ2d 1331 (Fed. Cir. 1991)MPEP716.01(a)716.01(c)

44

USPTO

Rinehart, 531 F.2d 1048, 1052, 189 USPQ 143, 147 (CCPA 1976)

VII.

(Ex parte Ferguson,

117 USPQ 229 (Bd. App. 1957))

Gazave, 379 F.2d 973, 978, 154 USPQ

92, 96 (CCPA 1967); Chilowsky, 229 F.2d 457, 462, 108 USPQ 321, 325 (CCPA 1956)

Irons,340 F.2d 974, 978, 144

USPQ 351, 354 (CCPA 1965)

Nelson v. Bowler, 626 F.2d 853, 856-57, 206 USPQ

881, 883-84 (CCPA 1980)(

Bowler )

Rey-Bellet v. Englehardt, 493 F.2d 1380, 181 USPQ

453 (CCPA 1974) (

)

2107.03 [R-08.2012]

USPTO

I.

Cross v. Iizuka, 753 F.2d 1040, 224 USPQ 739 (Fed. Cir.

1985); Jolles, 628 F.2d 1322, 206 USPQ 885 (CCPA 1980); Nelson v. Bowler, 626 F.2d

853, 206 USPQ 881 (CCPA 1980)

()

45

Nelson

v. Bowler, 626 F.2d 853, 857, 206 USPQ 881, 884 (CCPA 1980)

II.

Jolles, 628 F.2d 1322, 206 USPQ 885 (CCPA 1980)

III.

101

101

101

Brana, 51 F.3d 1560, 34 USPQ 1436 (Fed. Cir. 1995);

Cross v. Iizuka, 753 F.2d 1040, 224 USPQ 739 (Fed. Cir. 1985); Jolles, 628 F.2d

1322, 206 USPQ 885 (CCPA 1980); Nelson v. Bowler, 626 F.2d 853, 856, 206 USPQ 881,

883 (CCPA 1980); Malachowski, 530 F.2d 1402, 189 USPQ 432 (CCPA 1976); Gaubert,

530 F.2d 1402, 189 USPQ 432 (CCPA 1975); Gazave, 379 F.2d 973, 154 USPQ 92 (CCPA

1967); Hartop, 311 F.2d 249, 135 USPQ 419 (CCPA 1962); Krimmel, 292 F.2d 948, 130

USPQ 215 (CCPA 1961)

USPTO

101 Citron, 325 F.2d 248, 253, 139

USPQ 516, 520 (CCPA 1963)(

) Buting, 418 F.2d 540, 543, 163 USPQ 689, 690 (CCPA 1969) (

) Novak, 306 F.2d 924, 134 USPQ 335

(CCPA 1962)(

46

) Buting to Gardner, 475 F.2d 1389, 177 USPQ 396

(CCPA 1973), reh'g denied, 480 F.2d 879 (CCPA 1973)

1

USPTO

Ex parte Maas, 9 USPQ2d 1746 (Bd. Pat.

App. & Inter. 1987); Ex parte Balzarini, 21 USPQ2d 1892 (Bd. Pat. App. & Inter.

1991)

USPTO 101

Hartop,

311 F.2d 249, 135 USPQ 419 (CCPA 1962); Krimmel, 292 F.2d 948, 953, 130 USPQ 215,

219 (CCPA 1961); Ex parte Krepelka, 231 USPQ 746 (Bd. Pat. App. & Inter. 1986)

Chilowsky,

229 F.2d 457, 461, 108 USPQ 321, 325 (CCPA 1956)(

) Wooddy, 331 F.2d 636, 639, 141 USPQ 518, 520 (CCPA 1964)

(

)

IV.

( Isaacs, 347 F.2d 889, 146 USPQ 193 (CCPA

47

1963) Langer, 503 F.2d 1380, 183 USPQ 288 (CCPA 1974))

Ex parte Balzarini, 21 USPQ2d 1892 (Bd. Pat. App. & Inter.

1991) (

)

()

((FDA))

1 1

V.

USPTO

2

101

Brana, 51 F.3d 1560, 34 USPQ2d 1436 (Fed. Cir.

1995)( Scott v. Finney, 34 F.3d 1058, 1063, 32 USPQ2d 1115, 1120 (Fed. Cir.

1994))

Sichert, 566 F.2d 1154, 196 USPQ 209 (CCPA 1977); Hartop,

311 F.2d 249, 135 USPQ 419 (CCPA 1962); Anthony, 414 F.2d 1383, 162 USPQ 594 (CCPA

1969); Watson, 517 F.2d 465, 186 USPQ 11 (CCPA 1975); Krimmel, 292 F.2d 948, 130

USPQ 215 (CCPA 1961); Ex parte Jovanovics, 211 USPQ 907 (Bd. Pat. App. & Inter.

48

1981)

VI.

101

1980

Jolles, 628 F.2d 1322, 206 USPQ 885 (CCPA

1980); Buting, 418 F.2d 540, 163 USPQ 689 (CCPA 1969); Ex parte Stevens, 16 USPQ2d

1379 (Bd. Pat. App. & Inter. 1990); Ex parte Busse, 1 USPQ2d 1908 (Bd. Pat. App. &

Inter. 1986); Ex parte Krepelka, 231 USPQ 746 (Bd. Pat. App. & Inter. 1986); Ex

parte Jovanovics, 211 USPQ 907 (Bd. Pat. App. & Inter. 1981)

USPTO

Sichert, 566 F.2d

1154, 196 USPQ 209 (CCPA 1977); Jolles, 628 F.2d 1322, 206 USPQ 885 (CCPA 1980)

Ex parte Ferguson, 117 USPQ 229 (Bd. Pat. App. & Inter. 1957)

21 CFR 312.80-88 (1994)

2108-2110 []

49

2111 [R-07.2015]

Phillips v. AWH Corp., 415 F.3d 1303, 1316, 75 USPQ2d

1321, 1329 (Fed. Cir. 2005)USPTO

USPTO

Am. Acad. of Sci. Tech. Ctr., 367 F.3d 1359, 1364[, 70 USPQ2d 1827,

1830] (Fed. Cir. 2004)USPTO

1.75(d)(1)

Suitco Surface, Inc., 603 F.3d 1255,1259, 94 USPQ2d 1640, 1643 (Fed. Cir. 2010)

Hyatt, 211 F.3d 1367, 1372, 54 USPQ2d 1664,1667 (Fed. Cir. 2000)

PTO Morris, 127

F.3d 1048,1054, 44 USPQ2d 1023, 1028 (Fed. Cir. 1997)Zletz, 893 F.2d 319, 321-22,

13 USPQ2d 1320,1321-22 (Fed. Cir. 1989)

Yamamoto, 740 F.2d1569, 1571 (Fed. Cir. 1984)Zletz,

893 F.2d319, 321, 13 USPQ2d 1320, 1322 (Fed. Cir. 1989)(

)

Prater, 415 F.2d 1393,1404-05, 162 USPQ 541, 550-51 (CCPA 1969)( 9

101 102 102

)

Morris, 127 F.3d 1048, 1054-55, 44 USPQ2d 1023, 1027-28 (Fed. Cir. 1997)(

50

PTO

PTO

)

,

(

)

Cortright, 165 F.3d 1353, 1359, 49

USPQ2d 1464, 1468 (Fed. Cir. 1999) (

3

)

Suitco Surface, Inc., 603 F.3d1255, 1260, 94

USPQ2d 1640, 1644 (Fed. Cir.2010)Buszard, 504 F.3d 1364, 84 USPQ2d1749 (Fed.

Cir. 2007)Buszard

504F.3d at 1365, 84 USPQ2d at 1750

at 1367, 84 USPQ2d at 1751

at 1366, 84 USPQ2d at 1751

112 (b) 112 2

MPEP2173.02

2111.01 [R-07.2015]

[ MPEP 102

(FITF)

100 () MPEP2150 ]

I.

51

Zletz, 893 F.2d

319, 321, 13USPQ2d 1320, 1322 (Fed. Cir. 1989) ()Chef America, Inc. v.

Lamb-Weston, Inc.,358 F.3d 1371, 1372, 69 USPQ2d 1857 (Fed. Cir.2004)(

400F 850F

)

Morris, 127

F.3d1048, 1054, 44 USPQ2d 1023, 1028 (Fed. Cir. 1997)(USPTO

)

Am. Acad. of Sci. Tech. Ctr., 367 F.3d 1359, 1369, 70 USPQ2d 1827,

1834(Fed. Cir. 2004)(

)

II.

Superguide Corp. v. DirecTV Enterprises, Inc., 358

F.3d 870, 875, 69 USPQ2d 1865, 1868 (Fed. Cir. 2004)Liebel-Flarsheim

Co. v. Medrad Inc., 358 F.3d 898, 906, 69 USPQ2d 1801, 1807 (Fed. Cir. 2004)(

);

E-Pass Techs., Inc. v. 3Com Corp., 343 F.3d 1364, 1369, 67 USPQ2d 1947, 1950 (Fed.

Cir. 2003)(

)Altiris Inc. v. Symantec Corp.,

318 F.3d 1363, 1371, 65 USPQ2d 1865, 1869-70 (Fed. Cir. 2003)(

) IV. 112 (f)

112 6 (

52

)

Donaldson, 16 F.3d 1189, 29 USPQ2d 1845 (Fed. Cir. 1994) (MPEP2181

2186 )

Zletz, supra

Marosi, 710 F.2d 799, 218 USPQ 289 (Fed. Cir. 1983)

(

( Okuzawa,537 F.2d 545,

548, 190 USPQ 464, 466 (CCPA 1976))

III.

Phillips

v. AWH Corp., 415 F.3d 1303, 1313, 75 USPQ2d 1321, 1326 (Fed. Cir. 2005)()

Sunrace Roots Enter. Co. v. SRAM Corp., 336 F.3d 1298, 1302, 67 USPQ2d 1438, 1441

(Fed. Cir. 2003)Brookhill-Wilk 1, LLC v. Intuitive Surgical, Inc., 334 F.3d 1294,

1298 67 USPQ2d 1132, 1136 (Fed. Cir. 2003)(

)

Abbott Diabetes Care Inc.,696 F.3d 1142,

1149-50, 104 USPQ2d 1337,1342-43 (Fed. Cir. 2012)(

)Suitco Surface, Inc., 603

F.3d 1255, 1260-61, 94 USPQ2d1640, 1644 (Fed. Cir. 2010)(

)Vitronics

Corp.v. Conceptronic Inc., 90 F.3d 1576, 1583, 39USPQ2d 1573, 1577 (Fed. Cir.

1996)(

)

53

3M Innovative Props. Co.

v. Tredegar Corp., 725F.3d 1315, 1326-28, 107 USPQ2d 1717, 1726-27(Fed. Cir.

2013)(

)

IV.

(1)(2)

Phillips v. AWH Corp., 415 F.3d 1303,

1316 (Fed. Cir. 2005)()Starhome GmbH v. AT&T Mobility LLC, 743 F.3d 849,

857, 109USPQ2d 1885, 1890-91 (Fed. Cir. 2014)(

,

)Thorner v. Sony Computer Entmt Am. LLC, 669 F.3d 1362, 1367-

68, 101USPQ2d 1457, 1460 (Fed. Cir. 2012)(

attached

embedded

attached

attached

)

A.

Paulsen, 30 F.3d 1475, 1480, 31 USPQ2d 1671, 1674 (Fed. Cir. 1994)(

)( Intellicall, Inc. v.

Phonometrics, Inc., 952 F.2d 1384, 1387-88, 21 USPQ2d 1383, 1386 (Fed. Cir. 1992)

)

"

54

Toro Co. v. White Consolidated

Industries Inc., 199F.3d 1295, 1301, 53 USPQ2d 1065, 1069 (Fed. Cir. 1999)(

)

Old Town Canoe Co. v. Confluence Holdings Corp.,

448 F.3d 1309,1317, 78 USPQ2d 1705, 1711 (Fed. Cir. 2006)(

)"

Multiform Desiccants Inc.

v. Medzam Ltd., 133 F.3d1473, 1477, 45 USPQ2d 1429, 1432 (Fed. Cir.1998)Process

Control Corp. v. HydReclaim Corp., 190 F.3d 1350, 1357,52 USPQ2d 1029, 1033 (Fed.

Cir. 1999) MPEP2173.05(a)

Phillips v. AWH Corp., 415F.3d 1303,

1320-21, 75 USPQ2d 1321, 1332 (Fed. Cir. 2005) ()Vitronics Corp. v.

Conceptronic Inc., 90 F.3d 1576, 1583, 39 USPQ2d1573, 1577 (Fed. Cir. 1996)

Merck& Co. v. Teva Pharms.

USA, Inc., 395 F.3d 1364,1370 (Fed. Cir. 2005)(

about()exactly()

aboutabout

exactly

about,approximately,

)

B.

SciMed Life Sys.,Inc. v. Advanced Cardiovascular Sys.,

Inc., 242 F.3d1337, 1341 (Fed.Cir.2001)(

)Am. Acad. Of Sci. Tech Ctr., 367 F.3d

1359, 1365-67 (Fed. Cir. 2004) (

55

),

Abbott Diabetes Care Inc., 696 F.3d 1142, 1149-50, 104USPQ2d 1337, 1342-43 (Fed.

Cir. 2012) (

,

)

MPEP2173.05(a)

V. 112 (f)

BRI()

112 (b)

1.75 (d)

56

112 (f)

NO YES

YES NO

YES NO

(

)

112b

1.75

(d)1

57

2111.02 [R-08.2012]

Catalina

Mktg. Intl v. Coolsavings.com, Inc., 289 F.3d 801, 808, 62 USPQ2d 1781, 1785 (Fed.

Cir. 2002)

808-10, 62

USPQ2d at 1784-86

Bell Communications

Research, Inc. v. Vitalink Communications Corp., 55 F.3d 615, 620, 34 USPQ2d 1816,

1820 (Fed. Cir. 1995)

Pitney Bowes, Inc. v. Hewlett-Packard

Co., 182 F.3d 1298, 1305, 51 USPQ2d 1161, 1165-66 (Fed. Cir. 1999)

Superguide Corp. v. DirecTV Enterprises, Inc., 342 F.3d 1329, 1333, 68 USPQ2d

1154, 1158 (Fed. Cir. 2003)(

)Kropa v. Robie, 187 F.2d

150, 152, 88 USPQ 478, 481 (CCPA 1951)(

)

I.

Corning Glass Works v. Sumitomo Elec. U.S.A.,

Inc., 868 F.2d 1251, 1257, 9 USPQ2d 1962, 1966 (Fed. Cir. 1989)(

)Pac-Tec Inc. v. Amerace Corp., 903 F.2d 796, 801, 14 USPQ2d 1871,

1876 (Fed. Cir. 1990)(

) Stencel, 828 F.2d 751, 4 USPQ2d 1071 (Fed. Cir.

1987)(

()

58

(

)

Id. at

1073828 F.2d at 754)

II.

(

[]Corning Glass

Works, 868 F.2d at 12579 USPQ2d at 1966

Pitney

Bowes, Inc. v. Hewlett-Packard Co., 182 F.3d 1298, 1305, 51 USPQ2d 1161, 1165 (Fed.

Cir. 1999)Rowe v. Dror, 112 F.3d 473, 478, 42 USPQ2d 1550, 1553

(Fed. Cir. 1997)(

)Kropa v. Robie, 187 F.2d at 15288 USPQ2d at

480-81(

)

STX LLC. v. Brine, 211 F.3d 588, 591, 54 USPQ2d 1347, 1350 (Fed. Cir. 2000)(

)

Jansen v. Rexall Sundown, Inc., 342 F.3d 1329, 1333-34, 68 USPQ2d 1154,

1158 (Fed. Cir. 2003)(

)

) Cruciferous Sprout Litig., 301

F.3d 1343, 1346-48, 64 USPQ2d 1202, 1204-05 (Fed. Cir. 2002)(

(

))

()

59

Otto, 312 F.2d 937, 938, 136 USPQ 458, 459 (CCPA 1963)(

)

Sinex, 309 F.2d 488, 492, 135 USPQ 302, 305 (CCPA 1962)(

)

Schreiber, 128 F.3d 1473, 562100-1477, 44 USPQ2d 1429, 1431 (Fed. Cir. 1997)(

(

) 1(

)

MPEP

2112 2112.02

Metabolite Labs., Inc. v. Corp. of Am. Holdings,

370 F.3d 1354, 1358-62, 71 USPQ2d 1081, 1084-87 (Fed. Cir. 2004)

B12 2(i)

(ii)

Id at 1358-5971 USPQ2d at 1084

Id at 136271 USPQ2d at 1087

Catalina Mktg. Intl, 289 F.3d at 808-0962 USPQ2d at 1785(

)In Poly-America LP v. GSE Lining Tech. Inc.,

383 F.3d 1303, 1310, 72 USPQ2d 1685, 1689 (Fed. Cir. 2004),047

Intirtool, Ltd.

v. Texar Corp., 369 F.3d 1289, 1294-96, 70 USPQ2d 1780, 1783-84 (Fed. Cir. 2004)(

60

(i)

(ii)

)

2111.03 [R-08.2012]

comprising()consisting essentially of()

consisting of()

comprising()includingcontainingcharacterized

by

Mars Inc. v. H.J. Heinz Co., 377 F.3d 1369,

1376, 71 USPQ2d 1837, 1843 (Fed. Cir. 2004)(comprisingcontaining

mixture())Invitrogen Corp. v. Biocrest Mfg.,

L.P., 327 F.3d 1364, 1368, 66 USPQ2d 1631, 1634 (Fed. Cir. 2003)(

comprising)

Genentech, Inc. v. Chiron Corp., 112 F.3d 495, 501, 42 USPQ2d 1608, 1613 (Fed. Cir.

1997)(Comprising

)Moleculon Research Corp. v.CBS, Inc., 793 F.2d 1261, 229

USPQ 805 (Fed. Cir. 1986); Baxter, 656 F.2d 679, 686, 210 USPQ 795, 803 (CCPA

1981); Ex parte Davis, 80 USPQ 448, 450 (Bd. App. 1948)(comprising

)In Gillette Co. v. Energizer Holdings Inc., 405 F.3d 1367, 1371-73, 74

USPQ2d 1586, 1589-91 (Fed. Cir. 2005), 1 2

3(group of)(comprising)

(comprising)(group of)

4

comprising

(group consisting of)

Markush

1 2 3

consisting of

Gray, 53 F.2d 520, 11 USPQ 255 (CCPA 1931); Ex parte Davis, 80 USPQ 448, 450

(Bd. App. 1948)(consisting of

)

Norian Corp. v. Stryker Corp., 363 F.3d 1321, 1331-32, 70 USPQ2d 1508, 1516(Fed.

61

Cir. 2004)((consisting of)

)

(consists of)

(consists of)

Mannesmann Demag Corp. v. Engineered Metal

Products Co., 793 F.2d 1279, 230 USPQ 45 (Fed. Cir. 1986) Crish,

393 F.3d 1253, 73 USPQ2d 1364 (Fed. Cir. 2004)(

(hINV) DNA 73

USPQ2d at 1365 SEQ ID NO:1 2473 of

SEQ ID NO:1

SEQ ID NO:1 (comprising at least)

consistscomprising

Id. at 125773 USPQ2d at 1367 SEQ ID NO:1

DNA

Id. at 1256 125973 USPQ2d at 13661369

consists SEQ ID NO:1

comprising

SEQ ID NO:1

Id. at 125673 USPQ2d at 1366

consisting essentially of

Herz, 537 F.2d 549, 551-52, 190 USPQ 461, 463 (CCPA 1976)(

582100-2111.03

())consisting essentially ofconsisting

of()comprising

()PPG Industries v. Guardian Industries,

156 F.3d 1351, 1354, 48 USPQ2d 1351, 1353-54 (Fed. Cir. 1998)Atlas

Powder v. E.I. duPont de Nemours & Co., 750 F.2d 1569, 224 USPQ 409 (Fed. Cir.

1984); Janakirama-Rao, 317 F.2d 951, 137 USPQ 893 (CCPA 1963); Water Technologies

Corp. vs. Calco, Ltd., 850 F.2d 660, 7 USPQ2d 1097 (Fed. Cir. 1988) 102

103

62

consisting

essentially ofcomprisingPPG, 156 F.3d

at 135548 USPQ2d at 1355(PPG

(consisting essentially of)

)AK Steel Corp. v. Sollac, 344 F.3d 1234, 1240-41, 68 USPQ2d

1280, 1283-84 (Fed. Cir. 2003)( 0.5

0.5

consisting essentially of

0.5) Janakirama-

Rao, 317 F.2d 951, 954, 137 USPQ 893, 895-96 (CCPA 1963)

consisting essentially of

De Lajarte, 337 F.2d 870, 143 USPQ 256 (CCPA 1964)

Ex parte Hoffman, 12 USPQ2d 1061, 1063-64 (Bd. Pat. App. & Inter.

1989)(consisting essentially of

consisting essentially of

)

having()()()

Lampi Corp. v. American Power Products Inc., 228 F.3d 1365,

1376, 56 USPQ2d 1445, 1453 (Fed. Cir. 2000)(having

)Crystal

Semiconductor Corp. v. TriTech Microelectronics Intl Inc., 246 F.3d 1336, 1348,

57 USPQ2d 1953, 1959 (Fed. Cir. 2001)(having

)Regents of the Univ. of Cal. v.

Eli Lilly & Co., 119 F.3d 1559, 1573, 43 USPQ2d 1398, 1410 (Fed. Cir. 1997)(

PI cDNA (having)

)composed of()

consisting of()consisting essentially

of()

AFG Industries, Inc. v. Cardinal IG Company, 239 F.3d 1239, 1245, 57 USPQ2d 1776,

1780-81 (Fed. Cir. 2001)(composed ofconsisting

essentially of) Bertsch, 132 F.2d 1014, 1019-20, 56 USPQ

379, 384 (CCPA 1942)(composed ofconsisting of

63

composed ofconsisting

of)

2111.04 (Adapted to)(Adapted for)

(Where in)(Where by) [R-07.2015]

(A)

(B)

(C)

Griffin v. Bertina, 283F.3d 1029, 1034, 62 USPQ2d 1431 (Fed. Cir.

2002)(

)Giannelli, 739F.3d 1375, 1378, 109 USPQ2d 1333, 1336 (Fed.

Cir. 2014),

Hoffer v. Microsoft Corp., 405 F.3d 1326, 1329,

74 USPQ2d 1481, 1483 (Fed. Cir. 2005)

(Minton v. Nat

l Assn of Securities Dealers, Inc., 336 F.3d 1373, 1381, 67 USPQ2d 1614, 1620 (Fed.

Cir. 2003))

2111.05 [R-07.2015]

USPTO

Gulack, 703 F.2d 1381, 1385,217 USPQ 401, 403-04 (Fed. Cir.

1983)USPTO

Id. at 1384, 217 USPQ at 403 Diamond v.

Diehr, 450 U.S. 175, 191, 209USPQ 1, 10 (1981)USPTO

Lowry, 32 F.3d 1579, 1583-84, 32 USPQ2d 1031,1035 (Fed. Cir.

1994)Ngai, 367 F.3d 1336,70 USPQ2d 1862 (Fed. Cir. 2004)

64

Kao, 639 F.3d 1057,1072-73, 98

USPQ2d 1799, 1811-12 (Fed. Cir. 2011)King Pharmaceuticals Inc. v. Eon Labs Inc.,616

F.3d 1267, 1279, 95 USPQ2d 1833, 1842 (Fed.Cir. 2010)

I.

A.

Lowry, 32 F.3d at 1584, 32 USPQ2d at 1035(Gulack,

703 F.2d at 1386, 217 USPQ at 404 )

Miller, 418 F.2d 1392,1396, 164 USPQ

46, 49 (CCPA 1969)

Gulack, 703 F.2d at 1386-87, 217 USPQ at 405

B.

Gulack, 703 F.2dat

1386, 217 USPQ at 404

Bryan, 2009 U.S. App. LEXIS6667

(Fed. Cir. 2009)()

Exparte Gwinn, 112 USPQ 439, 446-47 (Bd. App.1955)

()()

Ngai, 367 F.3d at 1339, 70 USPQ2dat

1864

II.

65

III.

1

Lowry, 32

F.3d at 1583-84, 32 USPQ2dat 1035

/

101 MPEP

2106

66

2112 [R-07.2015]

[ MPEP 102

(FITF)

100 () MPEP2150 ]

102 103

Napier, 55 F.3d 610,

613, 34 USPQ2d 1782, 1784 (Fed. Cir. 1995)(

103 ) Grasselli, 713 F.2d 731, 739, 218 USPQ

769, 775 (Fed. Cir. 1983)

I.

Atlas Powder Co. v. Ireco Inc., 190 F.3d 1342, 1347, 51 USPQ2d 1943,

1947 (Fed. Cir. 1999)

Best, 562 F.2d 1252, 1254, 195 USPQ 430, 433 (CCPA 1977) Crish,

393 F.3d 1253, 1258, 73 USPQ2d 1364, 1368 (Fed. Cir. 2004)

DNA

MPEP2112.01 103

MPEP2141.02

II.

Schering Corp. v. Geneva Pharm. Inc., 339 F.3d 1373, 1377, 67 USPQ2d 1664,

1668 (Fed. Cir. 2003)(

)Toro Co. v. Deere & Co., 355 F.3d 1313,

1320, 69 USPQ2d 1584, 1590 (Fed. Cir. 2004)(

()

)Abbott Labs v. Geneva Pharms., Inc., 182 F.3d 1315, 1319, 51

USPQ2d 1307, 1310 (Fed.Cir.1999)(

67

)Atlas Powder Co. v. Ireco, Inc., 190 F.3d

1342, 1348-49, 51 USPQ2d 1943, 1947 (Fed. Cir. 1999)(

)Smith

Kline Beecham Corp. v. Apotex Corp., 403 F.3d 1331, 1343-44, 74 USPQ2d 1398, 1406-

07 (Fed. Cir. 2005)(

)Omeprazole Patent Litigation, 483 F.3d 1364, 1373, 82 USPQ2d 1643,

1650(Fed. Cir. 2007)(

[])

III. 102 / 103

102 103 102 / 103

103 102

Best,562 F.2d 1252, 1255 n.4,

195 USPQ 430, 433 n.4 (CCPA 1977)

102

/ 103

IV.

Rijckaert, 9 F.3d 1531,

1534, 28 USPQ2d 1955, 1957 (Fed. Cir. 1993)(

) Oelrich, 666 F.2d 578, 581-82, 212 USPQ 323, 326 (CCPA 1981)

Metabolite Labs., Inc. v. Lab. Corp.

of Am. Holdings, 370 F.3d 1354, 1367, 71 USPQ2d 1081, 1091 (Fed. Cir. 2004)(

/

68

Ex parte Levy, 17 USPQ2d 1461, 1464 (Bd.

Pat. App. & Inter. 1990)(

())

Schjeldahl

Id. at 1462 Schjeldahl

Schreiber, 128 F.3d 1473, 44 USPQ2d 1429 (Fed. Cir. 1997)

Schreiber[]Schreiber Harz []

[]Harz( 5) Schreiber

1 Harz

Harz

Harz

Schreiber, 128 F.3d at 147844 USPQ2d at 1432

V.

USPTO

102

103

BEST562 F2d 1252

1255195 USPQ 430433-34CCPA 1977[]

Fitzgerald, 619

F.2d 67, 70, 205 USPQ 594, 596 (CCPA 1980) (Best, 562 F.2d at 1255 )

Fitzgerald

69

Barnes Barnes

2

2

Id. at 596 n.1, 619 F.2d at 70n.l

Barnes

Barnes

102/103

Schreiber, 128 F.3d 1473, 1478, 44 USPQ2d 1429, 1432 (Fed.Cir.1997)

MPEP

2113

2112.01 [R-07.2015]

I.

Best,562 F.2d 1252, 1255, 195 USPQ 430, 433 (CCPA

1977)USPTO

Spada, 911 F.2d 705, 709,

15 USPQ2d 1655, 1658 (Fed. Cir. 1990)

Best,

562 F.2d at 1255195 USPQat 433,Titanium Metals Corp. v. Banner,

778 F.2d 775, 227 USPQ 773 (Fed. Cir. 1985)(0.20.4 Mo 0.60.9

70

Ni 0.2

0.4Mo0.60.9Ni

Mo Ni

Ludtke, 441 F.2d

660, 169 USPQ 563 (CCPA 1971)( 1

Menget Menget

3Menget

Northam

Warren Corp. v. D. F. Newfield Co.,7 F. Supp. 773, 22 USPQ 313 (E.D.N.Y. 1934)(

)

II.

Spada, 911 F.2d

705, 709, 15 USPQ2d 1655, 1658 (Fed. Cir. 1990)

/

(

Spada

)

III.

Ngai, 367 F.3d 1336, 1339, 70 USPQ2d 1862, 1864 (Fed. Cir. 2004)(

)Gulack, 703 F.2d 1381, 1385-86, 217

USPQ 401, 404 (Fed. Cir. 1983)(

)Miller,

418 F.2d 1392, 1396 (CCPA 1969)(

)Seid, 161 F.2d 229, 73 USPQ 431

71

(CCPA 1947)(

)Xiao, 462 Fed. Appx.

947, 950-51 (Fed. Cir. 2011)()(1

)Bryan, 323 Fed. Appx. 898, 901 (Fed. Cir. 2009)()(

)

(

)King

Pharmaceuticals, Inc. v. Eon Labs, Inc., 616 F.3d 1267, 1279, 95USPQ2d 1833, 1842

(2010)

King Pharma

(Ngai, 367 F.3d 1336, 1339 (Fed. Cir. 2004)

);Kao, 639 F.3d 1057, 1072-73, 98 USPQ2d 1799, 1811-12 (Fed. Cir. 2011)

2112.02 [R-07.2015]

.-

King, 801 F.2d 1324, 231 USPQ 136 (Fed. Cir. 1986)(

Donley 200800

Donley

King

Donley

Donley

Id. at 138801 F.2d at

1326Donley

) Best, 562 F.2d 1252, 1255, 195 USPQ

72

430, 433 (CCPA 1977)(() X

)

Hansford Hansford

102 / 103 Hansford

X

Hansford X

2 102

103

Ex parte Novitski, 26 USPQ2d 1389 (Bd. Pat. App. & Inter.

1993)( P. cepacia

Dart

P. cepacia Wisconsin 526

Dart

Wisconsin 526 18

)

Hack, 245 F.2d 246, 248, 114 USPQ 161, 163

(CCPA 1957)

May,574 F.2d 1082, 1090, 197 USPQ 601, 607 (CCPA 1978)( 1

6 ()

2 57 10

) Tomlinson, 363 F.2d 928, 150 USPQ 623 (CCPA

1966)(

2

363 F.2d at 934

150 USPQat 628

73

2113 [R-08.2012]

I.

Thorpe, 777 F.2d 695, 698, 227 USPQ 964,

966 (Fed. Cir. 1985)()(

)

Amgen Inc. v. F. Hoffman-La

Roche Ltd., 580 F.3d 1340,1370 n 14, 92 USPQ2d 1289, 1312, n 14 (Fed. Cir.2009)

Id. at 1370(

)

Garnero, 412 F.2d 276,

279, 162 USPQ 221, 223 (CCPA 1979)( (interbonded by

interfusion)(welded)

(intermixed)(ground in place)

(press fitted)(etched)

)

II. 102 / 103

Fessmann, 489 F.2d 742, 744, 180 USPQ 324, 326 (CCPA 1974)

74

Marosi, 710 F.2d 798,

802, 218 USPQ 289, 292 (Fed. Cir. 1983)(

)

Ex parte Gray, 10 USPQ2d 1922 (Bd. Pat. App. & Inter. 1989)(

(b-NGF)

b-NGF

III. 102 / 103

102 103

USPTO

Brown,

459 F.2d 531, 535, 173 USPQ 685, 688 (CCPA 1972)USPTO 102

103

75

2114 [R-07.2015]

MPEP2181 2186

I.

Schreiber, 128F.3d

1473, 1478, 44 USPQ2d 1429, 1432 (Fed. Cir.1997)MPEP2173.05(g)

Schreiber,128 F.3d at 1478, 44 USPQ2d at 1432 Bettcher Industries, Inc. v.

Bunzl USA, Inc., 661F.3d 629, 639-40,100 USPQ2d 1433, 1440 (Fed. Cir. 2011)

Schreiber, 128 F.3dat 1478, 44 USPQ2d at 1432 ;Swinehart, 439F.2d 210, 213,

169 USPQ 226, 228 (CCPA 1971)(

PTO PTO

)

II.

Hewlett-

Packard Co. v. Bausch & Lomb Inc., 909 F.2d 1464, 1469, 15 USPQ2d 1525, 1528 (Fed.

Cir. 1990)

Ex parte Masham, 2 USPQ2d 1647 (Bd. Pat. App.

& Inter. 1987)( 1

)

III.

Donaldson, 16 F.3d 1189, 1193,29 USPQ2d 1845 (Fed. Cir. 1994)

Robertson, 169 F.3d 743, 745, 49

USPQ2d 1949, 1951 (Fed. Cir. 1999)( 3

3 2

76

3

3)

IV. 102 103

102 / 103

Translogic Technology, Inc., 504 F.3d1249, 1258, 84 USPQ2d

1929, 1935-1936 (Fed. Cir.2007)(

(coupled to)

(coupled to receive) 1

2

Intel Corp. v. U.S. Int'l Trade Commn, 946 F.2d 821, 832, 20USPQ2d

1161, 1171 (Fed. Cir. 1991)(

)Schreiber, 128 F.3d 1473, 1478, 44 USPQ2d 1429,1432

(Fed. Cir. 1997); Best, 562 F.2d 1252,1254, 195 USPQ 430, 433 (CCPA 1977);Ludtke,

441 F.2d 660, 663-64, 169 USPQ 563,566-67 (CCPA 1971);Swinehart, 439 F.2d210, 212-

13, 169 USPQ 226, 228-29 (CCPA 1971)(

)

MPEP2112

Nazomi

Communications, Inc. v. Nokia Corp., 739 F.3d1339, 1345, 109 USPQ2d 1258, 1262 (Fed

Cir.2014)(

CPU

Intel

Corp. v. U.S. Int'l Trade Commn, 846 F.2d 821, 832, 20 USPQ2d 1161, 1171(Fed. Cir.

1991)

)

77

Paulsen, 30 F.3d 1475, 1479-80, 31 USPQ2d

1671,1674 (Fed. Cir. 1994)

Paulsen

102

Leapfrog Enters., Inc.

v.Fisher-Price, Inc., 485 F.3d 1157, 1161, 82 USPQ2d1687, 1691 (Fed. Cir. 2007)(

[]

)Venner, 262 F.2d 91, 95, 120 USPQ 193, 194 (CCPA 1958)MPEP2144.04

KSR Intl Co. v. TeleflexInc., 550 U.S. 398, 417, 82 USPQ2d 1385, 1396(2007)MPEP

2143 D F

Muniauction, Inc. v. Thomson Corp., 532 F.3d

1318, 1326-27, 87USPQ2d 1350, 1357 (Fed. Cir. 2008)

MPEP2141

78

2115 [R-07.2015]

,

Otto, 312 F.2d937, 136 USPQ 458, 459 (CCPA

1963)Young, 75 F.2d 996, 25 USPQ 69 (CCPA 1935)

Otto ()

()

312 F.2d at 940

Young

Casey, 370 F.2d 576, 152 USPQ 235 (CCPA 1967)

Kienzle 1

Kienzle

at 580-81

at 580

79

2116 []

2116.01 [R-08.2012]

MPEP2143.03

Ochiai, 71 F.3d 1565, 37 USPQ2d 1127 (Fed. Cir. 1995) Brouwer, 77 F.3d 422, 37

USPQ2d 1663 (Fed. Cir. 1996)

103

103

TorPharm, Inc. v. Ranbaxy Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 336 F.3d 1322, 1327, 67

USPQ2d 1511, 1514 (Fed. Cir. 2003)

Ochiai

Brouwer, 77 F.3d at 42537 USPQ2d at 1666

103

Durden, 763 F.2d 1406, 226 USPQ 359 (Fed.

Cir. 1985)(

) Albertson, 332 F.2d 379, 141 USPQ 730 (CCPA 1964)(

Kanter,

399 F.2d 249, 158 USPQ 331 (CCPA 1968)(

)Cf. Pleuddemann, 910 F.2d 823,

15 USPQ2d 1738 (Fed. Cir. 1990)(

) Kuehl, 475 F.2d 658, 177 USPQ 250 (CCPA 1973)(

103

80

ZK-22 ZK-22

ZK-22

475 F.2d at 664-665177 USPQat 255) Mancy, 499 F.2d 1289, 182

USPQ 303 (CCPA 1974)(

)

2117-2120 []

81

2121 [R-08.2012]

I. /

Sasse, 629 F.2d 675, 207 USPQ 107 (CCPA 1980)MPEP

716.07

II.

( 102 103 ) Moreton,288 F.2d 708, 129

USPQ 227 (CCPA 1961)

III.

Impax Labs. Inc. v. Aventis Pharm.Inc., 468 F.3d 1366, 1383, 81

USPQ2d 1001, 1013 (Fed. Cir. 2006)MPEP2122

2121.01 [R-08.2012]

102

Hoeksema, 399 F.2d 269, 158 USPQ 596 (CCPA 1968)

Elan Pharm., Inc. v. Mayo Found. For Med. Educ. & Research, 346

F.3d 1051, 1054, 68 USPQ2d 1373, 1376 (Fed. Cir. 2003)(

Elan

)

Donohue, 766 F.2d 531, 226 USPQ

619 (Fed. Cir. 1985)

I. 102

102

82

/ Donohue, 766

F.2d at 533226 USPQat 621

102 MPEP2131.01

II. 103

Beckman Instruments v. LKB Produkter AB, 892 F.2d 1547, 1551, 13 USPQ2d 1301,

1304 (Fed. Cir. 1989) 103

Symbol Techs. Inc. v. Opticon

Inc., 935 F.2d 1569, 1578, 19 USPQ2d 1241, 1247 (Fed. Cir. 1991)

2121.02 [R-08.2012]

[ MPEP 102

(FITF)

100 () MPEP2150

]

I.

Hoeksema,

399 F.2d 269, 158 USPQ 596 (CCPA 1968)

Sasse, 629 F.2d

675, 207 USPQ 107 (CCPA 1980)

II.

Wiggins, 488 F.2d 538, 179 USPQ 421 (CCPA 1971)

Donohue, 766 F.2d 531, 226 USPQ 619 (Fed. Cir. 1985)(

2

102

(b)

Wiggins Wiggins

83

) Hoeksema, 399 F.2d

269, 158 USPQ 596 (CCPA 1968)((

) De Boer

De Boer

DeBoer Wiley

De Boer

)

2121.03 [R-08.2012]

LeGrice, 301 F.2d 929, 133 USPQ 365

(CCPA 1962)(

1

()

)Ex parte Thomson, 24 USPQ2d 1618 (Bd. Pat.

App. & Inter. 1992)( 1

LeGric

LeGriceby

)

Elsner, 381 F.3d 1125, 1126, 72 USPQ2d 1038, 1040 (Fed. Cir. 2004)

(PBR)

(i)

(ii)

(iii)

102 (b)381 F.3d at 112972 USPQ2d at

1041

Id. at 113172

USPQ2d at 1043

84

2121.04 [R-08.2012]

Jockmus v. Leviton, 28 F.2d 812 (2d Cir. 1928)

MPEP2125

85

2122 [R-08.2012]

Schoenwald, 964 F.2d 1122,

22 USPQ2d 1671 (Fed. Cir. 1992)(

964 F.2d at 1122112422 USPQ2d at1671, 1673

)Impax Labs.

Inc. v. Aventis Pharm. Inc., 468 F.3d 1366, 1383, 8 USPQ2d 1001, 1013 (Fed. Cir.

2006)(

)

86

2123 [R-08.2012]

I.

Heck, 699 F.2d 1331, 1332-33, 216 USPQ 1038, 1039 (Fed. Cir. 1983)(

Lemelson, 397 F.2d 1006, 1009, 158 USPQ 275, 277 (CCPA 1968))

Merck & Co. v. Biocraft Laboratories, 874 F.2d 804, 10 USPQ2d

1843 (Fed. Cir.), cert.denied, 493 U.S. 975 (1989).Upsher-Smith Labs.

v. Pamlab, LLC, 412 F.3d 1319, 1323, 75 USPQ2d 1213, 1215 (Fed. Cir. 2005)(

)Celeritas Technologies Ltd. v. Rockwell International Corp.,

150 F.3d 1354, 1361, 47 USPQ2d 1516, 1522-23 (Fed. Cir. 1998)

)

MPEP2131.05 2145X.D.

II.

Susi,440 F.2d 442, 169 USPQ 423 (CCPA 1971)

Gurley, 27 F.3d 551, 554,

31 USPQ2d 1130, 1132 (Fed. Cir. 1994)(

Gurley

Idat 55431 USPQ2d at 1132)

2

Fulton,

391 F.3d 1195, 1201, 73 USPQ2d 1141, 1146 (Fed. Cir. 2004)

87

2124 [R-

11.2013]

Wilson, 311 F.2d 266, 135 USPQ 442 (CCPA 1962)

( Corneil, 347 F.2d 563, 568, 145

USPQ 702, 705 (CCPA 1965))

( Rainer, 305 F.2d 505, 507 n.3, 134 USPQ 343, 345 n.3 (CCPA 1962))

( Marzocchi, 439 F.2d 220, 223 n.4, 169 USPQ 367, 370 n.4

(CCPA 1971))( Langer, 503 F.2d 1380,

1391, 183 USPQ 288, 297 (CCPA 1974))( Glass, 492 F.2d

1228,1232 n.6, 181 USPQ 31, 34 n.6 (CCPA 1974))

( Wilson, 311 F.2d 266, 135 USPQ 442 (CCPA 1962)) Koller, 613 F.2d 819, 823 n.5,

204 USPQ 702, 706 n.5 (CCPA 1980)( Hogan, 559 F.2d 595, 605 n.17, 194 USPQ

527, 537 n.17 (CCPA 1977))

112(a)1121

Koller, 613 F.2d 819, 823 n.

5, 204 USPQ 702, 706 n.5 (CCPA 1980)

Ex parte Erlich, 22 USPQ 1463 (Bd. Pat. App. & Inter. 1992)

2124.01 [R-08.2012]

[ MPEP 102

(FITF)

100 () MPEP2150 ]

I.

(AIA) 112-29, sec. 14, 125 Stat. 284(2011 9 16

) 102 103

()

88

2 1

2

2011 9 16 2011 9 16

2011 9 16

2011 9 16

II.

1. MPEP2111

2. 101 112

3. (

)

a. 14

b. 14

4.

102 103

MPEP2112.01III

7.06 MPEP

706.02(m)

III.

89

102 103

90

2125 [R-08.2012]

I.

Mraz, 455 F.2d 1069, 173 USPQ 25 (CCPA 1972)

Jockmus v. Leviton, 28 F.2d 812 (2d Cir. 1928)

Aslanian, 590

F.2d 911, 200 USPQ 500 (CCPA 1979)

MPEP2121.04

II.

Hockerson-

Halberstadt, Inc. v. Avia Group Intl, 222 F.3d 951, 956, 55 USPQ2d 1487, 1491

(Fed. Cir. 2000)(

)

Wright, 569 F.2d 1124, 193 USPQ 332

(CCPA 1977)( Bauer Bauer

1/2 1

Bauer

(

) Bauer

569 F.2d at 1127 193 USPQat 335-36)

91

2126 102 (a) 102 (a)(b)(d)

[R-11.2013]

I. 102 (a) 102 (a)

(b)

102 (a) 102 (a)

(b)

Ekenstam, 256 F.2d 321, 118 USPQ 349 (CCPA 1958)

102 (d)MPEP2135.01

II. 102 (a)

102 (a)(b)

102 (d)

MPEP2128 2128.01

()

102 (a) 102 (a)(b)

Carlson, 983 F.2d 1032, 1037, 25 USPQ2d 1207,

1211 (Fed. Cir. 1992)

102 (a)(b)

Carlson, 983 F.2d at 103725 USPQ2d at 1211(

Geschmacksmuster

102 (a) 102 (a)(b)

Ekenstam, 256 F.2d 321, 118 USPQ 349 (CCPA 1958)

102 (d)

102 (d)

Kathawala,9 F.3d 942, 946, 28 USPQ2d 17891788-89 (Fed. Cir. 1993) 102

(d) MPEP2135 2135.01

2126.01 [R-11.2013]

Monks, 588 F.2d

92

308, 200 USPQ 129 (CCPA 1978)

Ekenstam, 256 F.2d 321, 118 USPQ 349

(CCPA 1958)MPEP901.05

102

Chisum3.06[4]n.2

2126.02

[R-11.2013]

102 (a) 102

(a)(b)(d)

Ex parte Ovist, 152 USPQ 709, 710 (Bd.

App. 1963)(

102 (b)) Kathawala, Id. 942, 28 USPQ2d 1785 (Fed.

Cir. 1993) (

102 (d)

[

] 1

2Id. at 94428 USPQ2d at 1786

102 (d)

Id.at 945-46

28 USPQ2d at 1789)

Fuge, 272 F.2d 954, 957, 124 USPQ 105, 107 (CCPA 1959)

[]

()

102 (a)(b)(d)

102

102

93

2127 [R-07.2015]

I.

[]

1.139 [

]Lee

Pharmaceutical v. Kreps, 577 F.2d 610, 613, 198 USPQ 601, 605 (9th Cir. 1978)

1.14(a)(1)(ii)(iv)

102 (a)(2) 102 (e)

Lund, 376 F.2d 982, 991, 153 USPQ

625, 633 (CCPA 1967) (

102 (e)

)MPEP901.02 102 (e) 119

120 MPEP2136.02

2136.03 102 (a)(2) MPEP2154

.

II.

A. 102 (a)(2) 102 (e)

102 (a)(2)

102 (e)Ex Parte Stalego, 154 USPQ 52,

53 (Bd. App. 1966)

Lund, 376 F.2d 982, 153 USPQ 625 (CCPA 1967)

102 (a)(2) 102 (b)

102 (e)

MPEP2136.02 102

(a)(2)MPEP2154

B. 102 (a)(1) 102 (b)

102 (b)

1

94

Bruckelmyer v. Ground Heaters, Inc.,

445 F.3d 1374, 78 USPQ2d 1684 (Fed. Cir. 2006)

III. ()

102 (a)(1)

102 (a)(b) Wyer, 655 F.2d 221, 210 USPQ 790 (CCPA

1981)

Ex parte Haller, 103 USPQ 332 (Bd. App. 1953)

102 103

102 Wyer, 655 F.2d 221, 226,

210 USPQ 790, 794 (CCPA 1981)(

5

)()

MPEP901.05

IV.

1.14 (a)(

122 (b))

USPTO ( 1.11 (b))

2MPEP

804

102 (a)(2)

102 (e) 103 MPEP706.02(f)(2)706.02(k)

706.02(l)(1)706.02(l)(3) MPEP2154

MPEP706.02(a)8042136 MPEP2154

95

2128 [R-11.2013]

I.

Wyer,

655 F.2d 221, 210 USPQ 790 (CCPA 1981)( I.C.E. Corp. v. Armco Steel Corp.,

250 F. Supp. 738, 743, 148 USPQ 537, 540 (SDNY 1966))(

1836

Wyer,

655 F.2d at 226210 USPQat 794

Carella v. Starlight Archery, 804 F.2d 135, 231 USPQ 644 (Fed. Cir.

1986)(Starlight Archery Carella

Wisconsin Bow Hunter Association (WBHA) Carella WBHA

102 (a)

Carella 10

102 (a))

II.

A.

102

(a)(1) 102 (a)(b)

Wyer, 655 F.2d at 221, 227, 210 USPQ 790, 795 (CCPA 1981)(

)Amazon.com v. Barnesandnoble.com, 73 F. Supp. 2d

1228, 53 USPQ2d 1115, 1119 (W.D. Wash. 1999)(

()

) Epstein, 32 F.3d 1559, 31 USPQ2d 1817 (Fed. Cir. 1994)(

1

)

96

USPTO (MPEP719.05 )

Wyer, 655 F.2d at 221210 USPQat 790

USPTO

B.

() 102 (a)(1)

102 (a)(b)

MPEP901.06(a) IV.G.

C.

MPEP2121.01 2123

102 103

()

D.

MPEP904.02(c) MPEP707.05

III.

Wyer, 655 F.2d 221, 210 USPQ 790 (CCPA 1981); Hall,

781 F.2d 897, 228 USPQ 453 (Fed. Cir. 1986)

2128.01 [R-07.2015]

I.

Hall, 781 F.2d 897, 228 USPQ 453 (Fed. Cir. 1986)

Bayer,

568 F.2d 1357, 196 USPQ 670 (CCPA 1978)

Hall

97

Cronyn,890 F.2d 1158, 13 USPQ2d 1070 (Fed. Cir. 1989)

Crony

Crony

(Gulliksen v. Halberg, 75 USPQ 252, 257 (Bd. App. 1937) Ex

parte Hershberger, 96 USPQ 54, 56 (Bd. App. 1952))

Tenney, 254 F.2d 619, 117 USPQ 348 (CCPA 1958)(Rich

)(

)

[]

)

Deep Welding, Inc. v. Sciaky Bros., 417 F.2d 1227, 163 USPQ 144 (7th Cir. 1969)

(Ex parte Hershberger ) Bayer,

568 F.2d 1357, 196 USPQ 670 (CCPA 1978)(

3

)

II.

Massachusetts Institute of

Technology v. AB Fortia, 774 F.2d 1104, 1109, 227 USPQ 428, 432 (Fed. Cir. 1985)(

50 500

6)

98

102 (a)(1)

MPEP2152.02(e)

III.

George, 2 USPQ2d 1880 (Bd. Pat. App. & Inter. 1987)(

)Garret Corp. v. United States,

422 F.2d 874, 878, 164 USPQ 521, 524 (Ct. Cl.1970)(

)

Northern Telecom Inc. v. Datapoint Corp., 908 F.2d 931, 15 USPQ2d 1321 (Fed. Cir.

1990) ( AESOP-B 4

AESOP-B 50

Mitre Corporation AESOP-B

)

IV.

/

Klopfenstein, 380 F.3d 1345, 1348, 72 USPQ2d 1117, 1119 (Fed.

Cir. 2004)

14

2

3

at 134772 USPQ2d at 1118

[]

102(b)

at 1349 n.472 USPQ2d at 1120 n.4

102 (b)

99

(

)at 1350

72 USPQ2d at 1120

at 135272 USPQ2d at 1121Diomed, Inc. v. Angiodynamics, 450 F.Supp.2d 130 (D.

Mass.2006)(

)

102 (a)(1)

MPEP2152.02(e)

2128.02 [R-08.2012]

I.

Constant v. Advanced Micro-Devices, Inc., 848 F.2d 1560, 7 USPQ2d

1057 (Fed. Cir.), cert. denied, 988 U.S. 892 (1988)(

Intel

) Hall, 781

F.2d 897, 228 USPQ 453 (Fed. Cir. 1986)(

)

II.

() Schlittler, 234 F.2d 882,

110 USPQ 304 (CCPA 1956)

100

2129 [R-08.2012]

I.

102

Riverwood Intl Corp. v. R.A. Jones & Co., 324 F.3d 1346, 1354,

66 USPQ2d 1331, 1337 (Fed. Cir. 2003); Constant v. Advanced Micro-Devices Inc., 848

F.2d 1560, 1570, 7 USPQ2d 1057, 1063 (Fed. Cir. 1988)

Reading & Bates

Construction Co. v. Baker Energy Resources Corp., 748 F.2d 645, 650, 223 USPQ 1168,

1172 (Fed. Cir. 1984)(

)

II.

Nomiya, 509 F.2d 566, 571,

184 USPQ 607, 611 (CCPA 1975)(

)

III.

( 1.75 (e)MPEP608.01(m)

)

Fout, 675 F.2d 297, 301, 213 USPQ 532, 534 (CCPA 1982)(

)

Ehrreich, 590

F.2d 902, 909-910, 200 USPQ 504, 510 (CCPA 1979)(

)

Reading & Bates Construction

Co. v. Baker Energy Resources Corp., 748 F.2d 645, 650, 223 USPQ 1168, 1172 (Fed.

Cir. 1984); Ehrreich, 590 F.2d at 909-910, 200 USPQ at 510

101

IV. (IDS)

Riverwood Intl Corp. v. R.A. Jones & Co.,

324 F.3d 1346, 1354-55, 66 USPQ2d 1331, 1337-38 (Fed Cir. 2003)(

IDS

) 1.97(h)(

1.56 (b)

)

2130 []

102

2131 102 [R-11.2013]

102

Verdegaal

Bros. v. Union Oil Co. of California, 814 F.2d 628, 631, 2 USPQ2d 1051, 1053 (Fed.

Cir. 1987)

Brown v. 3M, 265

F.3d 1349, 1351, 60 USPQ2d 1375, 1376 (Fed. Cir. 2001)(2000 (Y2K)

23 4

2

)MPEP

2111.02

Richardson v. Suzuki Motor Co., 868 F.2d

1226, 1236, 9 USPQ2d 1913, 1920 (Fed. Cir. 1989)

Bond, 910 F.2d 831, 15 USPQ2d 1566 (Fed. Cir. 1990)

102 MPEP

2131.01

2131.01 102 [R-11.2013]

102

102

(A)

(B)

(C)

I III

I.

Samour, 571 F.2d 559, 197 USPQ 1 (CCPA 1978) and Donohue, 766 F.2d 531, 226

USPQ 619 (Fed. Cir. 1985)( 2

102 (b)

2

103

102

2

)

II.

Baxter Travenol

Labs., 952 F.2d 388, 21 USPQ2d 1281 (Fed. Cir. 1991)(Baxter Travenol Labs.

DEHP

DEHP Becker

[Baxter] Travenol

( Bexter Travenol

)Becker DEHP

DEHP

)

III.

Continental Can Co. USA v. Monsanto Co.,948 F.2d 1264, 1268, 20 USPQ2d 1746, 1749

(Fed. Cir. 1991)(

948 F.2d at 126820 USPQat 1749-50)

Atlas Powder Co. v. IRECO, Inc., 190 F.3d 1342, 1349, 51 USPQ2d 1943, 1948 (Fed.

Cir. 1999)(

104

(

)2

King, 801 F.2d

1324, 1327, 231 USPQ 136, 139 (Fed. Cir. 1986); Titanium Metals Corp. v. Banner,

778 F.2d 775, 782, 227 USPQ 773, 778 (Fed. Cir. 1985)

MPEP2112 2112.02

MPEP2124

2131.02 [R-11.2013]

I.

Slayter, 276 F.2d 408,

411, 125 USPQ 345, 347 (CCPA 1960); Gosteli, 872 F.2d 1008, 10 USPQ2d 1614 (Fed.

Cir. 1989)(Gosteli Markush 21

2

)

II.

Ex parte A, 17 USPQ2d 1716

(Bd. Pat. App. & Inter. 1990)( 45

Merck

Merck 11 10,000

102 (a)

)Id. at 1718 Sivaramakrishnan,

673 F.2d 1383, 213 USPQ 441 (CCPA 1982)(

105

III. ()

Sanofi-Synthelabov. Apotex,

Inc., 550 F.3d 1075, 1083, 89 USPQ2d1370, 1375 (Fed. Cir. 2008)Osram Sylvania Inc.

v. American Induction Tech., 701 F.3d698, 706, 105 USPQ2d 1368, 1374 (Fed. Cir.

2012)(

)

Ex parte A, 17 USPQ2d 1716 (Bd. Pat. App. &

Inter. 1990)

Petering, 301 F.2d 676, 133 USPQ 275 (CCPA 1962)

Petering XYZP R'

R OH

7--9-[d, l'-]-

XYZPR R'XP R'

Y ZR 8 1

20

20 1

Schauman, 572 F.2d 312, 197 USPQ 5 (CCPA 1978)

1 1 R

1

106

Meyer, 599 F.2d 1026, 202 USPQ 175 (CCPA 1979)(

)AkzoN.V. v. International Trade

Commn, 808 F.2d 1471, 1 USPQ2d 1241 (Fed. Cir. 1986)(98

98

)

MPEP2144.08

2131.03 [R-07.2015]

I.

Titanium Metals Corp.

v. Banner, 778 F.2d 775, 227 USPQ 773 (Fed. Cir. 1985)( Petering, 301 F.2d 676,

682, 133 USPQ 275, 280 (CCPA 1962)((Ni)0.6 0.9(Mo)0.2

0.4(Ti)Ti-Mo-Ni

0.25 Mo 0.75 Ni Ti

)

II.

Clear Value Inc.v. Pearl River Polymers Inc., 668 F.3d

1340, 101USPQ2d 1773 (Fed. Cir. 2012) Atofina v.Great Lakes Chem. Corp, 441 F.3d

991, 999, 78USPQ2d 1417, 1423 (Fed. Cir. 2006)

Clear Value 50ppm

150ppm

Id. at 1345, 101USPQ2d at 1777Atofina

100 500 C (150 350 C

)

330 450 C

Id. at 100078 USPQ2d at 1424

107

MPEP716.02

MPEP2131.02

102 / 103

Ex parte Lee, 31 USPQ2d

1105 (Bd. Pat. App. & Inter. 1993)()

MPEP2144.05

III.

102

103

Titanium Metals Corp. v. Banner, 778 F.2d 775, 227 USPQ 773 (Fed. Cir. 1985)(0.8

(Ni) 0.3(Mo)

0.25 Mo 0.75 Ni Ti

Ti-Mo-Ni

)

2131.04 [R-08.2012]

102

Wiggins, 488 F.2d 538,

543, 179 USPQ 421, 425 (CCPA 1973)

2131.05 [R-08.2012]

102 Twin Disc,

Inc. v. United States, 231 USPQ 417, 424 (Cl. Ct. 1986)( Self, 671 F.2d 1344,

213 USPQ 1, 7 (CCPA 1982))State Contracting & Eng g Corp. v.

Condotte America, Inc., 346 F.3d 1057, 1068, 68 USPQ2d 1481, 1488 (Fed. Cir. 2003)(

108

Celeritas Technologies Ltd. v. Rockwell International Corp., 150

F.3d 1354, 1361, 47 USPQ2d 1516, 1522-23 (Fed. Cir. 1998)(

)Upsher-Smith Labs. v.

Pamlab, LLC, 412 F.3d 1319, 1323, 75 USPQ2d 1213, 1215 (Fed. Cir. 2005)(

)Atlas Powder Co. v. IRECO, Inc., 190

F.3d 1342, 1349, 51 USPQ2d 1943, 1948 (Fed. Cir. 1999)(

)

109

2132 102 (a) [R-11.2013]

[ MPEP 100 ()

(FITF) FITF

MPEP2159

MPEP2150

102 (a)(b)MPEP2152 ]

102

(a)

****

I. KNOWN OR USED()

A. Known or Used

(

102 (a))Carellav. Starlight Archery,

804 F.2d 135, 231 USPQ 644 (Fed. Cir. 1986)

W. L. Gore & Assoc. v. Garlock, Inc.,721

F.2d 1540, 220 USPQ 303 (Fed. Cir. 1983)

MPEP2128 2128.02

B. 102 (a)

102 (a)

II.

102 (a)

102 (a)

102 (a) Ekenstam,

256 F.2d 321, 118 USPQ 349 (CCPA 1958)NAFTA( 103 182 )

( 103 465 ) 104

102 (a)

102 (a)

110

III.

102 (a)

102 (a)

102 (a)

102 (b) 1 [] Katz, 687

F.2d 450, 215 USPQ 14 (CCPA 1982)

IV.

MPEP2126

2132.01 102 (a) [R-11.2013]

[ MPEP 100 ()

(FITF) FITF

MPEP2159

MPEP2150

102 (a)(b)MPEP2152 ]

I. 102 (a)

102 (a) 1

Katz, 687 F.2d 450, 215 USPQ 14 (CCPA

1982) MPEP2128

1 102

(e) 102 (e) MPEP2136

2136.05

II.

1 102 (a)

Katz, 687 F.2d 450, 215 USPQ 14 (CCPA

1982)()

Ex parte Hirschler,

110 USPQ 384 (Bd. App. 1952)

Katz, 687 F.2d 450, 215 USPQ 14 (CCPA 1982)

111

Ex parte Kroger, 219 USPQ 370 (Bd. Pat. App. & Int. 1982)()

116 3

Searles, 422 F.2d 431, 164 USPQ 623 (CCPA

1970)

Katz, 687 F.2d 450, 215 USPQ 14 (CCPA 1982)Katz

Chiorazzi Eshhar David H. Katz

Katz

Ex parte Kroger, 219 USPQ 370 (Bd. Pat. App. & Inter. 1982)Kroger

Knaster

Kroger Rod

Kroger Rod

Knaster Kroger

Katz

Kroger Rod

Knaster

Knaster PTO

102 (f)

102 (a)MPEP2136.05

102 (e)

III. 1.131 102 (a)

102 (b)(c)(d)

1.131

Foster, 343 F.2d 980, 145 USPQ 166 (CCPA 1965)

1.131

1.132

Facius,408 F.2d 1396, 161 USPQ 294 (CCPA 1969) 1.131

MPEP715

112

2133 102 (b) [R-07.2015]

[ MPEP 100 ()

(FITF) FITF

MPEP2159

MPEP2150

102 (a)(b)MPEP2152 ]

102

*****

(b) 1

*****

I. 1

102 (b)

11

Ex parte Olah, 131 USPQ 41 (Bd. App. 1960)

1.10

() PTO 1.6 (a)(2)

1.10

(1

)

II. 1

1

Katz, 687 F.2d 450, 454, 215 USPQ 14, 17 (CCPA 1982)1

1

Foster, 343 F.2d 980, 145 USPQ

166 (CCPA 1966) MPEP706.02

2133.01 (CIP) [R-11.2013]

[ MPEP 100 ()

(FITF) FITF

MPEP2159

MPEP2150

102 (a)(b)MPEP2152 ]

113

1

102 (b)

Paperless Accounting v. Bay Area Rapid Transit System,

804 F.2d 659, 665, 231 USPQ 649, 653 (Fed. Cir. 1986)

2133.02 [R-11.2013]

[ MPEP 100 ()

(FITF) FITF

MPEP2159

MPEP2150

102 (a)(b)MPEP2152 ]

I. 102 (b)

1

102 (b)

De Graffenried v. United States, 16 USPQ2d 1321, 1330 n.7 (Cl. Ct. 1990)

Bonito Boats, Inc.

v. Thunder Craft Boats, Inc., 489 U.S. 141, 148, 9 USPQ2d 1847, 1851 (1989)

II. 102 (b)

102(b)1.131(131)

1

Foster, 343 F.2d 980, 984, 145 USPQ 166, 170 (CCPA 1965)

2133.03 [R-11.2013]

[ MPEP 100 ()

(FITF)

FITF MPEP

2159 MPEP2150

102

MPEP2152.02(c)(e)]

102 (b)

1 2

Dart Indus. v. E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., 489 F.2d 1359, 1365, 179 USPQ

392, 396 (7th Cir. 1973)

114

Hobbs v. United States, 451 F.2d 849, 859-60, 171 USPQ 713,

720 (5th Cir. 1971)

2

102 (b)MPEP

2133.03(a)2133.03(e)(1)

MPEP

2133.03(a)2133.03(e)(7)

MPEP2133.03(c)

2133.03(e)2133.03(e)(6)

102 (b)

103

LaBounty Mfg. v. United States Intl Trade Commn, 958

F.2d 1066, 1071, 22 USPQ2d 1025, 1028 (Fed. Cir. 1992)

I.

(A) []

RCA Corp. v. Data Gen. Corp.,

887 F.2d 1056, 1062, 12 USPQ2d 1449, 1454 (Fed. Cir. 1989)

(B)

RCA Corp. v.

Data Gen. Corp., 887 F.2d 1056, 1062, 12 USPQ2d 1449, 1454 (Fed. Cir. 1989)MPEP

2133.03(e)(1)

(C)

Manville Sales Corp. v. Paramount Sys., Inc.,917 F.2d 544, 549, 16 USPQ2d 1587,

1591 (Fed. Cir. 1990)

2133.03(a) [R-11.2013]

[ MPEP 100 ()

(FITF) FITF

MPEP2159

MPEP2150

102 MPEP

2152.02(c)(e)]

I.

102 (b)

Invitrogen Corp. v. Biocrest

Manufacturing L.P., 424 F.3d 1374, 76 USPQ2d 1741 (Fed. Cir. 2005)

115

102 (b)

(1)(2)

Pfaff

2

Id. at 138076 USPQ2d at 1744

MPEP2133.03(c)

2

2

Egbert v. Lippmann,104 U.S. 333, 336 (1881)

II. 102 (b)

102 (b)

102 (b)TP Labs.,

Inc., v. Professional Positioners, Inc., 724 F.2d 965, 970, 220 USPQ 577, 581 (Fed.

Cir. 1984)

102 (a)

MPEP2132

A.

Invitrogen, 424 F.3d at 138276 USPQ2d at 1745-46(

)

1.

[

] 102

(b)

TP Labs., Inc. v.

Professional Positioners, Inc., 724 F.2d 965, 972, 220 USPQ 577, 583 (Fed. Cir.

1983)

116

2.

102 (b)

Blaisdell, 242 F.2d 779, 783, 113 USPQ 289, 292 (CCPA 1957); Hall v. Macneale, 107

U.S. 90, 96-97 (1882) Ex parte Kuklo, 25 USPQ2d 1387, 1390 (Bd. Pat. App. & Inter.

1992)(

3.

Moleculon

Research Corp. v. CBS, Inc., 793 F.2d 1261, 1265, 229 USPQ 805, 809 (Fed. Cir.

1986)(

)

4.

Bernhardt, L.L.C. v. Collezione Europa USA,

Inc., 386 F.3d 1371, 1380-81, 72 USPQ2d, 1901, 1909 (Fed. Cir. 2004)( Moleculon

Research Corp. v. CBS Inc., 793 F.2d 1261, 1266, 229 USPQ 805, 808 (Fed. Cir. 1986))

Bernhardt, 386 F.3d at 138172 USPQ2d at

1909Invitrogen, 424 F.3d at 137976 USPQ2d at 1744MPEP 2133.03

[]Bernhardt, 386

F.3d at 138172 USPQ2d at 1909Bernhardt

ID

B.

117

102 (b)

Smith,

714 F.2d 1127, 1134, 218 USPQ 976, 983 (Fed. Cir. 1983)

Moleculon Research Corp.

v. CBS, Inc., 793 F.2d 1261, 1265, 229 USPQ 805, 809 (Fed. Cir. 1986)

Ex parte C, 27 USPQ2d 1492, 1499 (Bd. Pat. App. & Inter. 1992)(

)Egbert v. Lippmann,

104 U.S. 333, 336 (1881)(

)

C.

Bird Provision Co.

v. Owens Country Sausage, Inc., 568 F.2d 369, 374-76, 197 USPQ 134, 138-40 (5th Cir.

1978)

Gillman v. Stern, 114

F.2d 28, 46 USPQ 430 (2d Cir. 1940); Dunlop Holdings, Ltd. v. Ram Golf Corp., 524

F.2d 33, 36-7, 188 USPQ 481, 483-484 (7th Cir. 1975)

W.L. Gore & Assocs. v. Garlock, Inc., 721 F.2d 1540, 1550, 220

USPQ 303, 310 (Fed. Cir. 1983)

Lockwood v. American Airlines, Inc., 41 USPQ2d 1961, 1964-65

(Fed. Cir. 1997)(SABRE

[]

())

Manville Sales Corp. v. Paramount Sys., Inc., 917 F.2d 544,

549, 16 USPQ2d 1587, 1591 (Fed. Cir. 1990)( King Instrument Corp. v. Otari Corp.,

767 F.2d 833, 860, 226 USPQ 402, 406 (Fed. Cir. 1985))

118

Chemithon Corp. v. Proctor

& Gamble Co., 287 F. Supp. 291, 308, 159 USPQ 139, 154 (D.Md. 1968), affd., 427

F.2d 893, 165 USPQ 678 (4th Cir. 1970)

102

(f) 102 (g)

Dunlop Holdings Ltd. v. RamGolf Corp., 524 F.2d 33, 188 USPQ 481 (7th Cir. 1975)

MPEP2137 2138

2133.03(b) [R-11.2013]

[ MPEP 100 ()

(FITF) FITF

MPEP2159

MPEP2150

102 MPEP

2152.02(c)(e)]

1

Ferag AG v. Quipp, Inc., 45 F.3d 1562, 1565, 33 USPQ2d 1512, 1514 (Fed. Cir.

1995) 102 (b)(1)

(2)

Pfaff v. Wells Elecs., Inc., 525 U.S. 55, 67, 48 USPQ2d 1641, 1646-47

(1998)

Linear Tech. Corp. v. Micrel, Inc., 275 F.3d 1040, 1048, 61

USPQ2d 1225, 1229 (Fed. Cir. 2001), petition for cert. filed, 71 USLW 3093 (Jul. 03,

2002) (No. 02-39)Group One, Ltd. v. HallmarkCards, Inc., 254 F.3d 1041,1047, 59

USPQ2d 1121, 1126 (Fed. Cir. 2001)(

(UCC))

I.

Caveney, 761 F.2d

671, 676, 226 USPQ 1, 4 (Fed. Cir. 1985)

Linear Tech., 275 F.3d at 1052-5461 USPQ2d

at 1233-34(

102 (b)

)

A.

119

Strong v. General Elec. Co., 434 F.2d 1042, 1046, 168 USPQ 8,

12 (5th Cir. 1970)

B.

102 (b) Rinehart, 524 F.2d

1393, 1401, 187 USPQ 593, 599 (CCPA 1975)(

)

C. 1

102 (b)

Consolidated Fruit-Jar Co. v. Wright, 94 U.S. 92, 94 (1876)Atlantic

Thermoplastics Co. v. Faytex Corp., 970 F.2d 834, 836-37, 23 USPQ2d 1481, 1483 (Fed.

Cir. 1992)

D.

102 (b)

Moleculon Research Corp. v. CBS, Inc., 793 F.2d 1261, 1267,

229 USPQ 805, 809 (Fed. Cir. 1986) Elan Corp., PLC v. Andrx Pharms.

Inc., 366 F.3d 1336, 1341, 70 USPQ2d 1722, 1728 (Fed. Cir. 2004) Kollar, 286 F.3d

1326, 1330 n.3, 1330-1331, 62 USPQ2d 1425, 1428 n.3, 1428-1429 (Fed. Cir. 2002)(

(

)

(

))Group One, Ltd. v. Hallmark Cards, Inc., 254 F.3d 1041,

1049 n. 2, 59 USPQ2d 1121, 1129 n. 2 (Fed. Cir. 2001)

E.

Caveney, 761 F.2d 671, 676, 226

USPQ 1, 4 (Fed. Cir. 1985)

Ferag AG v. Quipp, Inc., 45 F.3d 1562, 1566, 33 USPQ2d

1512, 1515 (Fed. Cir. 1995)(

)

II.

(

) 102 (b)

Group One, Ltd. v. Hallmark Cards, Inc., 254 F.3d 1041,1048,

59 USPQ2d 1121, 1126 (Fed. Cir. 2001)

A.

120

Theis, 610 F.2d 786, 791, 204 USPQ 188, 192 (CCPA 1979)

UMC Elecs. v. United

States, 816 F.2d 647, 653, 2 USPQ2d 1465, 1469 (Fed. Cir. 1987)

Wende v. Horine, 225 F. 501 (7th

Cir. 1915)

B.

Buildex v. Kason Indus., Inc.,

849 F.2d 1461, 1463-64, 7 USPQ2d 1325, 1327-28 (Fed. Cir. 1988)

Weatherchem Corp. v. J.L. Clark Inc., 163 F.3d 1326, 1333, 49 USPQ2d 1001, 1006-07

(Fed. Cir. 1998)(

)

C.

J. A. La Porte, Inc. v. Norfolk Dredging Co.,

787 F.2d 1577, 1582, 229 USPQ 435, 438 (Fed. Cir. 1986)

(MPEP2133.03(c))

Pfaff v. Wells Elecs., Inc. , 525 U.S. 55, 67, 119 S.Ct. 304, 311-12, 48 USPQ2d

1641, 1647 (1998)Micro Chemical, Inc. v. Great Plains Chemical Co.,

103 F.3d 1538, 1545, 41 USPQ2d 1238, 1243 (Fed. Cir. 1997)(

)Shatterproof Glass Corp. v. Libbey-Owens Ford Co.,

758 F.2d 613, 225 USPQ 634 (Fed. Cir. 1985)(

)Barmag Barmer Maschinenfabrik AG v. Murata Mach., Ltd.,

731 F.2d 831, 221 USPQ 561 (Fed. Cir. 1984)(

102 (b)

)

D.

Elan Corp., PLC v. Andrx Pharms. Inc., 366 F.3d 1336,

1341, 70 USPQ2d 1722, 1728 (Fed. Cir. 2004)

70 USPQ2d

at 1726 Elan

121

III.

A.

102

(b)Hobbs

v. United States, 451 F.2d 849, 171 USPQ 713, 720 (5th Cir. 1971)

B.

Electric Storage Battery Co. v. Shimadzu, 307

U.S. 5, 41 USPQ 155 (1938); Blaisdell, 242 F.2d 779, 783, 113 USPQ 289, 292 (CCPA

1957); CTS Corp. v. Electro Materials Corp. of America, 469 F. Supp. 801, 819, 202

USPQ 22, 38 (S.D.N.Y. 1979)

C.

Ferag AG v. Quipp, Inc., 45 F.3d 1562, 1567, 33 USPQ2d 1512,

1516 (Fed. Cir. 1995)(

)

RCA Corp.

v. Data Gen. Corp., 887 F.2d 1056, 1060, 12 USPQ2d 1449, 1452 (Fed. Cir. 1989)

Envirotech Corp. v. Westech Eng

fg, Inc., 904 F.2d 1571, 1576, 15 USPQ2d 1230, 1234 (Fed. Cir. 1990)(

)

IV.

A.

1

Caveney, 761 F.2d 671, 675-76, 226 USPQ 1, 3-

4 (Fed. Cir. 1985)

B.

122

102 (b) 103

Epstein, 32 F.3d 1559, 31 USPQ2d 1817 (Fed. Cir.

1994)(

1)

2133.03(c) [R-11.2013]

[ MPEP 100 ()

(FITF)

FITF

MPEP2159 MPEP

2150 102

MPEP2152.02(c)(e)]

102

*****

(b) 1

*****

I.

In Pfaff v. Wells Elecs., Inc., 525 U.S. 55, 66-68, 48 USPQ2d 1641, 1647 (1998)

102 (b)

2

2[ 1

]

Id.at 67,

119 S.Ct.at 311-1248 USPQ2d at 1646-47

Invitrogen Corp. v. Biocrest Manuf.,

424 F.3d 1374, 1379, 76 USPQ2d 1741, 1744 (Fed. Cir. 2005)( 102 (b)

)(Pfaff )

2

Id. at 67199

S.Ct.at 311-1248 USPQ2d at 1647(

1

123

Weatherchem Corp. v. J.L. Clark Inc., 163 F.3d 1326,

1333, 49 USPQ2d 1001, 1006-07 (Fed. Cir. 1998)(

)

1

Vanmoor v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., 201 F.3d 1363,

1366-67, 53 USPQ2d 1377, 1379 (Fed. Cir. 2000)(

Pfaff

) Hamilton, 882

F.2d 1576, 1580, 11 USPQ2d 1890, 1893 (Fed. Cir. 1989)(

)Abbott

Laboratories v. Geneva Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 182 F.3d 1315, 1319, 51 USPQ2d 1307,

1310 (Fed. Cir. 1999)(

102 (b)STX LLC. v. Brine

Inc., 211 F.3d 588, 591, 54 USPQ2d 1347, 1350 (Fed. Cir. 2000)(

)

Field v. Knowles, 183 F.2d 593, 601, 86 USPQ 373, 379 (CCPA

1950) Steinberg v. Seitz, 517 F.2d 1359, 1363, 186 USPQ 209, 212 (CCPA 1975)

Atlantic Thermoplastics Co. v. Faytex Corp., 970 F.2d 834, 836-

37, 23 USPQ2d 1481, 1483 (Fed. Cir. 1992)

II. 1.131

1.131

1

See Foster, 343 F.2d 980, 987-88, 145 USPQ 166, 173 (CCPA 1965) Dart Indus.

v. E.I. duPont de Nemours & Co., 489 F.2d 1359, 1365, 179 USPQ 392, 396 (7th Cir.

1973)MPEP715.10

124

III.

102 (b) Kollar, 286 F.3d 1326,

1332, 62 USPQ2d 1425, 1429 (Fed. Cir. 2002)

102 (b)

Id. at 133362 USPQ2d at 1429D.L.

Auld Co. v. Chroma Graphics Corp., 714 F.2d 1144, 1147-48, 219 USPQ 13, 15-16 (Fed.

Cir. 1983)(

);W.L. Gore & Assocs., Inc. v. Garlock, Inc., 721 F.2d 1540, 1550, 220 USPQ

303, 310 (Fed. Cir. 1983) 102 (b)

Scaltech, Inc. v. Retec/Tetra, L.L.C., 269 F.3d 1321, 1328, 60 USPQ2d 1687, 1691(Fed.

Cir. 2001)( 1

102 (b)

)

Minton v. National Assn. of Securities Dealers, Inc., 336

F.3d 1373, 1378, 67 USPQ2d 1614, 1618 (Fed. Cir. 2003)(

)

Poly-America LP v. GSE Lining Tech. Inc., 383 F.3d 1303, 1308-

09, 72 USPQ2d 1685, 1688-89 (Fed. Cir. 2004)(

)

2133.03(d) [R-11.2013]

[ MPEP 100 ()

(FITF) FITF

MPEP2159

MPEP2150

102 MPEP

2152.02(c)(e)]

125

102 (b)

Gandy v. Main Belting Co., 143 U.S. 587, 593 (1892)

Robbins

Co. v. Lawrence Mfg. Co., 482 F.2d 426, 433, 178 USPQ 577, 583 (9th Cir. 1973)

()

CTS Corp. v. Piher Intl Corp., 593 F.2d 777, 201 USPQ 649 (7th Cir. 1979)

2133.03(e) [R-11.2013]

[ MPEP 100 ()

(FITF) FITF

MPEP2159

MPEP2150

102 MPEP

2152.02(c)(e)]

Allen Engg Corp. v. Bartell Indus., Inc., 299 F.3d 1336, 1354, 63 USPQ2d 1769,

1780 (Fed. Cir. 2002) EZ Dock v. Schafer Sys., Inc., 276 F.3d 1347, 1356-57,

61 USPQ2d 1289, 1295-96 (Fed. Cir. 2002)(Linn, J., )

102 (b)

102 (b)

LaBounty Mfg. v. United States Intl Trade

Commn, 958 F.2d 1066, 1071, 22 USPQ2d 1025, 1028 (Fed. Cir. 1992)( Pennwalt

Corp. v. Akzona Inc., 740 F.2d 1573, 1581, 222 USPQ 833, 838 (Fed. Cir. 1984))

Smith,

714 F.2d 1127, 1134, 218 USPQ 976, 983 (Fed. Cir. 1983)

2133.03(e)(1) [R-11.2013]

[ MPEP 100 ()

(FITF) FITF

MPEP2159

MPEP2150

102 MPEP

2152.02(c)(e)]

126

1

1

Theis, 610 F.2d 786, 793, 204 USPQ 188, 194 (CCPA 1979)

I.

102 (b)

Theis, 610 F.2d 786, 793, 204 USPQ 188, 194

(CCPA 1979); Robbins Co. v. Lawrence Mfg. Co., 482 F.2d 426, 433, 178 USPQ 577, 582

(9th Cir. 1973)

Ushakoff v. United States, 327 F.2d 669, 140

USPQ 341 (Ct.Cl. 1964) Cloud v. Standard Packaging Corp., 376 F.2d 384, 153 USPQ

317 (7th Cir. 1967)

II.

MPEP2133.03 102 (b)

(MPEP2133.03(c)) 102 (b)

(A)

(B) (Akron Brass Co. v. Elkhart Brass Mfg. Co., 353 F.2d 704, 709, 147

USPQ 301, 305 (7th Cir. 1965)(Amphe