Motivation and Leadership from Chinese Philosophy Perspective Liying Bai Associate Profesor in...
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Motivation and Leadership from Chinese Philosophy Perspective Liying Bai Associate Profesor in Fuzhou University , China Visiting scholar in University
. Motivation and Leadership from Chinese Philosophy Perspective
Liying Bai Associate Profesor in Fuzhou University China Visiting
scholar in University of Delaware, USA [email protected]
Slide 3
Cultural differences Huge system, share a few points here She,
He Hu, Who Creative, Conformism Made or created? Individual
characters are influenced by group and national characters the
deepest part is
Slide 4
Iceberg Model of McClelland
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Work Values Auction: 1, Do something for the public welfare 2,
Pursuit beauty and an artistic atmosphere 3, Seek creative
development of new things 4, Apply independent thinking and
analysis 5, Sense of achievement 6, Independence, acting according
to their own pleasure 7, Admired and respected by others 8,
Supervisory or management others 9, A lot of money 10, Stable and
secure life 11, Good and comfortable working environment 12, The
relationship with your director is equal and harmony 13, Work
together with like-minded partners 14, Be able to choose their
favorite way of life 15, No boring work with full of change
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Maslows Need Hierarchy Theory (I) Creative & challenging
work Praise & recognition Friendly coworkers Safe working
conditions Rest & breaks Selfactualization Esteem Social Safety
Physiological
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Ausubels Motivation Theory cognitive drive achievement
motivation self improving internal driving force subsidiary
internal driving composition
Slide 8
Herzbergs Two-Factor Theory DissatisfactionSatisfaction
Traditional View Herzbergs View Hygiene factors DissatisfactionNo
Dissatisfaction - Quality of Supervision - Pay - Company policies -
Physical working conditions Motivators No satisfactionSatisfaction
- Personal growth - Responsibility - Achievement
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source: Herzberg, Frederick. One More Time: How Do You Motivate
Employees? Harvard Business Review, Jan2003, Vol. 81 Issue 1,
p87-96
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Comparison of the Three Theories of Needs Self-actualization
Esteem Social (Belonging) Safety Physiological Growth Relatedness
Existence Motivator Hygiene factors Maslow Alderfer Herzberg
Slide 11
Douglas McGregor Behind every managerial decision or action are
assumptions about human nature and human behavior.
Slide 12
Chinese traditional assumption of human nature debate: people
are born good or evil? Theo ries 1 2 3 4 Cont ents
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1 People are born evil
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Xunzi Legalism Xunzi 313 BC-238 BC was a Chinese Confucian
philosopher who lived during the Warring States Period and
contributed to one of the Hundred Schools of Thought. Xunzi
believed man's inborn tendencies need to be curbed through
education and ritual, counter to Mencius's view that man is
innately good. He believed that ethical norms had been invented to
rectify mankind.
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2 People are born good Mengzi (372 BC 289 BC) Confucianism The
feeling of commiseration the feeling of shame and dislike the
feeling of modesty and complaisance the feeling of approving and
disapproving are essential to man. The feeling of commiseration is
the principle of benevolence. The feeling of shame and dislike is
the principle of righteousness. The feeling of modesty and
complaisance is the principle of propriety. The feeling of
approving and disapproving is the principle of knowledge.
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Bauhinia flower petals
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3 Good, and evil Liang Qichao (1873-1929), Liang Qichao,
"personality-centered theory." "Best of the doctrine": "best of
doctrine, is to make everyone's talent intuitive ability to play
very successful.
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4 No good, no evil Gaozi (420-350 BC), Mohists, 'Man's nature
is like water whirling round in a corner. Open a passage for it to
the east, and it will flow to the east; open a passage for it to
the west, and it will flow to the west. Man's nature is indifferent
to good and evil, just as the water is indifferent to the east and
west.'
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Compare WestEconomic Man X Social Man Self- realization Man Y
Complex ManBeyond Y Chinese Contents , , ,
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East- West 1 Homo economicus, Rational-economic Man, Adam Smith
X 2 Social Man, George Elton Mayo Hawthorne effect 3
Self-realization Man, Abraham Maslow Y 4 Complex Man, John J.
Morse, Jay William Lorsch. Beyond Theory Y
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theory_X_and_Theory_Y
http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newLDR_74.htm
http://hbr.org/1970/05/beyond-theory-y/ar/1
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Confucianism http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confucianism
Zhongyong Daxue http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Learning
http://hugols.wordpress.com/2008/10/21/what-makes-a-
leader/http://hugols.wordpress.com/2008/10/21/what-makes-a- leader/
Rn ( , Humaneness)Rn ( , Humaneness) Y ( , Righteousness or
Justice)Y ( , Righteousness or Justice) L ( , Propriety or
Etiquette)L ( , Propriety or Etiquette) Zh ( , Knowledge) Xn ( ,
Integrity)
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Daoism http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoism Wuwei the best of
men is like water Naturalness protection, hint Suggestion
(Hongchong, and Sushi) Dialectics Moon spring, sweetest time
Motivate, getting better slowly, life line
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Example: Satisfaction with Life In most ways my life is close
to my ideal. The conditions of my life are excellent. I am
satisfied with my life. So far I have gotten the important things I
want in life. If I could live my life over, I would change almost
nothing.
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Questions About Chinese philosophy About Motivation and
Leadership About China Thank you [email protected]