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ﺿﻮء اﳌﺴﻠﻢ ﻋﻘﻴﺪة واﻟﺴﻨﺔ اﻟﻜﺘﺎبThe Creed of a Muslim in Light of the Qur’an and Sunnah Compiled by Mohammed Ibrahim Hussain (Research Center for Hadith) Moynul Islam (Graduate from Madinah Islamic University – Saudi Arabia) Based on the works of Shaykh Abdul Aziz bin Marzouq At-Tarefe RCH Research Center for Hadith

ءﻮﺿ ﰲﻢﻠﺴﳌا ةﺪﻴﻘﻋ ﺔﻨﺴﻟاو بﺎﺘﻜﻟا many books of hadith, including Sunan Al-Bayhaqi, Sahih Ibn Khuzaymah, Sahih Ibn Hibban, Musannaf Ibn Abi

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Page 1: ءﻮﺿ ﰲﻢﻠﺴﳌا ةﺪﻴﻘﻋ ﺔﻨﺴﻟاو بﺎﺘﻜﻟا many books of hadith, including Sunan Al-Bayhaqi, Sahih Ibn Khuzaymah, Sahih Ibn Hibban, Musannaf Ibn Abi

عقيدة املسلم يف ضوء الكتاب والسنة

The Creed of a Muslim in Light of the Qur’an and Sunnah

Compiled by Mohammed Ibrahim Hussain

(Research Center for Hadith)

Moynul Islam (Graduate from Madinah Islamic University – Saudi Arabia)

Based on the works of

Shaykh Abdul Aziz bin Marzouq At-Tarefe

RCH Research Center for Hadith

Page 2: ءﻮﺿ ﰲﻢﻠﺴﳌا ةﺪﻴﻘﻋ ﺔﻨﺴﻟاو بﺎﺘﻜﻟا many books of hadith, including Sunan Al-Bayhaqi, Sahih Ibn Khuzaymah, Sahih Ibn Hibban, Musannaf Ibn Abi

يف ضوء الكتاب والسنةعقيدة املسلم

2

Introduction

VerilyallpraiseisforAllah,wepraiseHimandseekHisaidandaskforHisforgiveness,andweseekrefugewithAllahfromtheevilsofourselvesandourevilactions.WhomeverAllahguidesthereisnonewhocanmisguidehim,andwhomeverAllahmisguidesthereisnonewhocanguidehim,andIbearwitnessthatnonehastherighttobeworshipped

exceptAllahAlone,havingnopartner,andIbearwitnessthatMuhammadisHisslaveandHisMessenger.

منهام وبث الذي خلقكم من نفس واحدة وخلق منها زوجها اتقوا ربكم يا أيها الناس

ه كان عليكم رقيباالله الذي تساءلون به واألرحام إن الل ااتقورجاال كثريا ونساء و “Omankind,fearyourLord,whocreatedyoufromonesoulandcreatedfromititsmateanddispersedfrombothofthemmanymenandwomen.AndfearAllah,throughwhomyouaskoneanother,andthewombs.Indeed,Allahisever,overyou,anObserver.”

[Surahan-Nisa':1]

إال وأنتم مسلمون متوتن تقاته وال حق ا الله اتقو الذين ءامنوا يا أيها

“Oyouwhobelieve!FearAllahasHeshouldbefeared,anddienotexceptinastateofIslam.”[SurahAl-i-'Imran:102]

الله وقولوا قوال سديدا يصلح لكم أعاملكم ويغفر لكم ااتقوالذين ءامنوا يا أيها

ذنوبكم ومن يطع الله ورسوله فقد فاز فوزا عظيام

“Oyouwhobelieve!FearAllah,and(always)speakwordsofappropriatejusticethatHemaymakeyourconductwholeandsoundandforgiveyouyoursins:hewhoobeysAllahandHisMessenger,hasalreadyattainedthehighestachievement.”[SurahAl-Ahzab:70-

71]

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يف ضوء الكتاب والسنةعقيدة املسلم

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Asforwhatfollows:VerilythemosttruthfulspeechistheWordofAllahandthebestguidanceistheguidanceofMuhammadملسو هيلع هللا ىلص,andtheworstofaffairsarethenoveltiesandeverynoveltyisaninnovationandeveryinnovationisagoingastrayandeverygoingastrayisintheFire.OurmotivationforthistreatisewastofollowinthefootstepsoftheSalafAl-Salih(righteousearlypredecessors),whowereattheforefrontinteachingtheobligationsofIslam.ThisisabriefpresentationconcerningthefundamentalsandprinciplesoftheCreedofAhlus-Sunnahwal-Jama'ah.Itwascompiledinresponsetomanyreaders-studentsofknowledgeandaverageMuslims-whohaveexpressedtheneedforaconciseandclearpresentationofthefundamentalsandrulesoftheCreedoftheSalaf Al-Salih.EvidencesfromtheQur’anandauthenticSunnahhavebeenmentionedthroughoutthetreatisesothatthestudentofknowledgemaylearn,memoriseandactinaccordancetothem.ThistreatiseisbasedontheworksofShaykhAbdulAzizbinMarzouqAt-Tarefe.WehaveprimarilyrelieduponthebookhehaswrittenonthesubjectofAqidah–ChaptersonBelief(Fusoolfil-Aqidah)1.Thechaptershavebeensummarisedandreferencedtotheoriginalsource.WeaskAllahtoguideustothatwhichisproper-verilyHeistheOnehavingauthorityoverthatandhavingthePowertodoso.MayAllahpurifyourintentionsandheartsandacceptourdeedsfromus.ResearchCenterforHadithAs.sunna2014@gmail.com

1Fusoolfil-Aqidah,DarulMinhaajpublication,Riyadh,firstedition,2013.

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يف ضوء الكتاب والسنةعقيدة املسلم

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SummarisedBiographyofShaykhAbdulAzizbinMarzouqAt-Tarefe

TheShaykh’snameis`Abdul-`AzizbinMarzouqal-Tarefe.Hewasbornon7/12/1396AH(7/9/1976CE).Asforhisuniversitystudies,hegraduatedfromthecollegeofShariahofImamMuhammadbinSa’udUniversityinthecityofRiyadh.Asforhisoccupations,hewasaresearcherfortheMinistryoftheIslamicAffairs,thendirectorofStudiesandResearchintheCenterforResearchandStudies,andthenanIslamicresearcherinthissamecenter.HebeganmemorisingIslamictextsattheageof13.ThefirsttexthememorisedwasAl-Bayquniyyah(inthescienceofhadith).HememorizedKashfAl-Shubuhāt,KitabAl-Tawhid,FadlAl-Islam,Al-ManzoumahAl-RaḥbiyyahandBulughAl-Maram,alongwithhundredsoflinesofpoetrybytheageof18.HefurtherwentontomemorizeSahihAl-Bukhari,SahihMuslim,SunanAbiDawudandotherbooksofhadith.HealsomemorizedManarAl-SabilandAl-Risālah(ofIbnAbiZaydAl-Qayrawani)inthefiqhofImāmMalik.Hestudiedcountlessbooksinhadith,fiqh,usul,tafsir,adab(literature)andbooksoffiqhinthemadh-habsofImāmAbuHanifah,ImāmAhmad,ImāmAl-Shafi’iandImāmMalik.Hestudiedmanybooksofhadith,includingSunanAl-Bayhaqi,SahihIbnKhuzaymah,SahihIbnHibban,MusannafIbnAbiShaybah,Musannaf`Abdil-RazzaqandSunanAl-Daraqutni.Otherbooksstudied:FatawaIbnTaymiyyah,ZadAl-Ma’ad,TafsirIbnKathir,TafsirAl-Tabari,TafsirAl-Baghawi,TafsirAl-Zamakhsharī,TafsirAl-Tha`labī,SīrahIbnHishamandAl-Mughni.TheShaykhreadsonaverage13-15hoursadayandusedtomemorizebetween30-50ahadithaday!Notableteachers:Hiseminence,thegreatscholar,`Abdul-`AzīzBinBāzShaykhṢafī-ur-RaḥmānAl-MubārkpourīShaykh`AbdullāhBin`AqīlShaykh`Abdul-KarīmAl-KhuḍayrShaykhSāliḥĀlAl-ShaykhShaykhMuhammad`AbdullāhAl-Ṣūmālī

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يف ضوء الكتاب والسنةعقيدة املسلم

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TheCreedofaMusliminLightoftheQur’anandSunnah

Islam

IslamistheonlyreligionacceptedbyAllah;noneotherisacceptedbyHim.Allah( عز وجل)says,

...ومن يبتغ غري اإلسالم دينا فلن يقبل منه “AndwhoeverdesiresotherthanIslamasareligion-neverwillitbeacceptedfrom

him...”2andHe( عز وجل)says,

ين عند الله اإلسالم ◌ إن الد“Indeed,thereligioninthesightofAllahisIslam...”3

IslamisthereligionofalloftheProphets.Allah( عز وجل)says,

لنا من قبلك من رسول إال نوحي إليه أنه ال إله إال أنا فاعبدون وما أرس

“AndWehavenotsentbeforeyouanymessengerexceptthatWerevealedtohimthat,

‘ThereisnodeityworthyofworshipexceptMe’,soworshipMe."4

AlltheProphetscamewiththesamefundamentals,butdifferedinsomeofthebranchesofthereligion.5

2Qur’an:SurahImran:853Qur’an:SurahImran:194Qur’an:SurahAnbiyaa:255Reference:Referthebook‘Fusoolfil-Aqidah’byShaykhAbdulAzizbinMarzouqAt-Tarefe(pg.9-12)

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TheSunnahoftheProphetMuhammad ملسو هيلع هللا ىلص

NoonecaninterpretIslamandclarifyitsmeaningaccordingtothatwhichwasmeantbyAllahexceptAllahHimselfandtheProphetملسو هيلع هللا ىلص. TheProphetwasgiventheresponsibilitytoconveyandclarifythereligionofIslam.

◌ وإن لم تفعل فام بلغت رسالته ◌ يا أيها الرسول بلغ ما أنزل إليك من ربك ك من الناس والله يعصم

OMessenger,announcethatwhichhasbeenrevealedtoyoufromyourLord,andifyoudonot,thenyouhavenotconveyedHismessage.6

ل وعلي قل أطيعوا الله وأطيعوا الرسول ا عليه ما حم ل كم فإن تولوا فإمن تم ما حم وما عىل الرسول إال البالغ المبني وإن تطيعوه تهتدوا

Say,"ObeyAllahandobeytheMessenger;butifyouturnaway-thenuponhimisonlythat[duty]withwhichhehasbeencharged,anduponyouisthatwithwhichyouhave

beencharged.Andifyouobeyhim,youwillbe[rightly]guided.AndthereisnotupontheMessengerexceptthe[responsibilityfor]clearnotification."7

TheSunnahisarevelationfromAllahtoHisProphet ملسو هيلع هللا ىلص.Ifhe(theProphetملسو هيلع هللا ىلص)isaskedaquestionandhereceivedtheanswerfromAllahpreviously,hewouldanswer.Asforifhedidn’tknowtheanswer,thenhewouldwaitforrevelation.Allah( عز وجل)says,

إن هو إال وحي يوحى (3)وما ينطق عن الهوى“Nordoeshespeakfrom[hisown]inclination.Itisnotbutarevelationrevealed.”8

ThosewishingtoexplaintheintendedmeaningofAllahintheQur’anmustmakesurethattheirdeductionsmeettwoconditions:

1) ItconformswiththeArabiclanguage.2) ItdoesnotcontradictsomethingthatisexplicitlyestablishedintheQur’an.9

6Qur’an:SurahMaa’idah:677Qur’an:SurahNur:548Qur’an:SurahNajm:3-49Reference:Referthebook‘Fusoolfil-Aqidah’byShaykhAbdulAzizbinMarzouqAt-Tarefe(pg.13-16)

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يف ضوء الكتاب والسنةعقيدة املسلم

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TheRightofAllah

TherightofAllahistosingleHimoutwithworship,inallitsforms.Allah( عز وجل)says,

ن الرحيم وإلهكم إله واحد ال إله إال هو الرحم

“AndyourGodisoneGod.Thereisnodeity[worthyofworship]exceptHim,theEntirelyMerciful,theEspeciallyMerciful.”10

ThisalsomeansnotassociatinganypartnerswithHimwiththeactionsoftheheart,tongueorlimbs.11

واعبدوا الله وال ترشكوا به شيئاWorshipAllahandassociatenothingwithHim.12

MajorShirk(associatingpartnerswithAllah)

ThemajorShirkannulsaperson’sgooddeeds.Allah( عز وجل)says,

ولتكونن من ولقد أوحي إليك وإىل الذين من قبلك لنئ أرشكت ليحبطن عملك ين الخارس

“Anditwasalreadyrevealedtoyouandtothosebeforeyouthatifyoushouldassociate[anything]withAllah,yourworkwouldsurelybecomeworthless,andyouwouldsurelybe

amongthelosers."13

10Qur’an:SurahBaqarah:16311Reference:Referthebook‘Fusoolfil-Aqidah’byShaykhAbdulAzizbinMarzouqAt-Tarefe(pg.17)12Qur’an:SurahNisa:3613Qur’an:SurahZumar:65

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AllahdoesnotforgiveShirkcommittedbyaservantexceptifapersonrepentssincerelyfromit.Allah( عز وجل)says,

ومن يرشك بالله فقد ال يغفر أن يرشك به ويغفر ما دون ذلك لمن يشاء إن الله افرتى إمثا عظيام

“Indeed,AllahdoesnotforgiveassociationwithHim,butHeforgiveswhatislessthanthatforwhomHewills.AndhewhoassociatesotherswithAllahhascertainlyfabricateda

tremendoussin.”14

He( عز وجل)alsosays,

ار فلن يغفر الله لهم وا عن سبيل الله ثم ماتوا وهم كف إن الذين كفروا وصد“Indeed,thosewhodisbelievedandaverted[people]fromthepathofAllahandthen

diedwhiletheyweredisbelievers-neverwillAllahforgivethem.”15

Whosoeverdiesupondisbelief(likeonewhodiesuponmajorShirk)hisabodewillbeinthehellfire.16

14Qur’an:SurahNisa:4815Qur’an:SurahMuhammad:3416Reference:Referthebook‘Fusoolfil-Aqidah’byShaykhAbdulAzizbinMarzouqAt-Tarefe(pg.17)

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يف ضوء الكتاب والسنةعقيدة املسلم

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FaithandDisbelief

FaithanddisbeliefarenamesandrulingsdeclaredbyAllahalone,thereforeoneisnottobeexcommunicated17exceptwithclearevidenceandproof.Peopleareeitherbelieversordisbelievers.Nothirdcategoryexists.Allah( عز وجل)says,

بصري والله مبا تعملون هو الذي خلقكم فمنكم كافر ومنكم مؤمن

“ItisHewhocreatedyou,andamongyouisthedisbeliever,andamongyouisthebeliever.AndAllah,ofwhatyoudo,isSeeing.”18

Asforthehypocrites,theyaredisbelieverswhoclaimbeliefbuthidetheirdisbelief,likethosewhooutwardlyproclaimbeliefinAllah,Hisbooks,HisMessengersbutdonotbelieveinwiththeirhearts.Thisisthemajorhypocrisy. TheMuslimswhohidedisobedienceandshowrighteousnesshavecommittedtheminorhypocrisy.Likethosewhodonotfulfilltheirtrustwithothersandhavethecharacteristicoflying.Ahypocriteistobetreatedonhisapparentactions. Thegeneralrulingwithregardstothewealthandbloodofabelieveristhatitisprohibitedtoviolatetheirsanctity.Thegeneralrulingwithregardstothewealthandbloodofadisbelieverisofpermissibility.Thisisnotwithoutexception:

v Adisbelievermaybeprotectedbyacovenant,security(givenbyaMuslim)orbeingaresidentlivingundertheIslamicstatewhilepayingtax(Jizyah).

v Abelievermaybekilledduetoasinthathecommitted.19

17Takfir:Declaringsomeonetobeadisbeliever.18Qur’an:SurahTaghabun:219Reference:Referthebook‘Fusoolfil-Aqidah’byShaykhAbdulAzizbinMarzouqAt-Tarefe(pg.19-20)

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يف ضوء الكتاب والسنةعقيدة املسلم

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Excommunication(At-Takfir)andSomeNullifiersofFaith

Wedonotexcommunicate(performTakfir)exceptthosewhoAllahandHisMessenger:likedisbelievers,asdeclaredhaveملسو هيلع هللا ىلص

v ThosewhodenyAllahandHisMessengerملسو هيلع هللا ىلصandthosewhomockthem.Allah( عز,says(وجل

ا كنا نخوض و كنتم قل أبالله وآياته ورسوله نلعب ولنئ سألتهم ليقولن إمن

ب ال تعتذروا قد كفرتم بعد إميانكم )65( تستهزئون نكم نعذ إن نعف عن طائفة م طائفة بأنهم كانوا مجرمني

“Andifyouaskthem,theywillsurelysay,"Wewereonlyconversingandplaying."Say,"IsitAllahandHisversesandHisMessengerthatyouweremocking?"Makenoexcuse;you

havedisbelievedafteryourbelief.IfWepardononefactionofyou-Wewillpunishanotherfactionbecausetheywerecriminals.”20

v Thosewhorefusetoaccepttheirauthorityduetotheirstubbornness.

v ThosewhodenymatterswhichareestablishedintheReligion.

v ThosewholieuponAllah,Allah( عز وجل)says,

ا يفرتي الكذب الذين ال يؤمنون بآيات الله الكاذبون وأولئك هم إمن

“TheyonlyinventfalsehoodwhodonotbelieveintheversesofAllah,anditisthosewhoaretheliars.”21

ب بالحق لام جاءه أليس يف ومن أظلم مم ن افرتى عىل الله كذبا أو كذجهنم مثوى للكافرين

“AndwhoismoreunjustthanonewhoinventsalieaboutAllahordeniesthetruthwhenithascometohim?IstherenotinHella[sufficient]residenceforthedisbelievers?”22

20Qur’an:SurahTawbah:65-6621Qur’an:SurahNahl:10522Qur’an:SurahAnkabut:68

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v ThosewhodirectworshiptootherthanAllah.Allah( عز وجل)says,

ؤالء شفعاؤنا عند الله ويعبدون من دون الله ما ال يرضهم وال ينفعهم ويقولون هاموات وال يف األرض قل أتن كون سبحانه وتعاىل عام يرش بئون الله مبا ال يعلم يف الس

“AndtheyworshipotherthanAllahthatwhichneitherharmsthemnorbenefitsthem,andtheysay,"TheseareourintercessorswithAllah"Say,"DoyouinformAllahof

somethingHedoesnotknowintheheavensorontheearth?"ExaltedisHeandhighabovewhattheyassociatewithHim.”23

v Thosewhoclaimknowledgeoftheunseen,likeamagician,andthosewhoreadthestars.Allah( عز وج ل)says,

اموات واألرض الغيب إال الله يبعثون وما يشعرون أيان قل ال يعلم من يف السSay,"NoneintheheavensandearthknowstheunseenexceptAllah,andtheydonot

perceivewhentheywillberesurrected."24

v ThosewhoclaimLordshipandcontrolofaffairs,Allah( عز وجل)says,

اموات واألرض قل الله قل أفاتخذتم من دونه أولياء ال ميلكون ◌ قل من رب الس

ألعمى والبصري أم هل تستوي الظلامت قل هل يستوي ا ◌ ألنفسهم نفعا وال رضا

قل الله خالق كل ◌ أم جعلوا لله رشكاء خلقوا كخلقه فتشابه الخلق عليهم ◌ والنور ء وهو الواحد القهار يش

Say,"WhoisLordoftheheavensandearth?"Say,"Allah."Say,"HaveyouthentakenbesidesHimalliesnotpossessing[even]forthemselvesanybenefitoranyharm?"Say,"Is

theblindequivalenttotheseeing?Orisdarknessequivalenttolight?OrhavetheyattributedtoAllahpartnerswhocreatedlikeHiscreationsothatthecreation[ofeach]seemedsimilartothem?"Say,"AllahistheCreatorofallthings,andHeistheOne,the

Prevailing."25

23Qur’an:SurahYunus:1824Qur’an:SurahNaml:6525Qur’an:SurahRa’d:16

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v Thosewhotakedisbelieversasalliesoutofloveandforseekinghelp26.Allah( عز وجل)says,

ومن بعضهم أولياء بعض يا أيها الذين آمنوا ال تتخذوا اليهود والنصارى أولياء

إن الله ال يهدي القوم الظالمني يتولهم منكم فإنه منهم “Oyouwhohavebelieved,donottaketheJewsandtheChristiansasallies.Theyare[infact]alliesofoneanother.Andwhoeverisanallytothemamongyou-thenindeed,heis

[one]ofthem.Indeed,Allahguidesnotthewrongdoingpeople.”27

PreventativefactorsofMakingTakfir(Excommunication)

IgnoranceisnotacceptedasanexcusefrombeingexcommunicatedforapersonwhowasabletogaincorrectknowledgeofIslambutwasnegligentofdoingsoorintentionallyturnedawayfromthat,suchaspersonisruledasadisbeliever,ashisignorancecouldhavebeenliftedbyseekingknowledgebuthedidnotdoso.28

26Reference:Referthebook‘Fusoolfil-Aqidah’byShaykhAbdulAzizbinMarzouqAt-Tarefe(pg.20-22)27Qur’an:SurahMaa’idah:5128Reference:Referthebook‘Fusoolfil-Aqidah’byShaykhAbdulAzizbinMarzouqAt-Tarefe(pg.22-24)

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TheRealityoftheThreeComponentsofFaith(Eeman)

Faithcomprisesofstatements,actionsandbeliefsoftheheart.Allthreeareintegralpartsoffaith–ifanyoneofthesethreeareabsent,itcannotberegardedasfaith.Correctbeliefssuchaswantinggoodforpeopleandbeingfreefromenvyarenotsufficientforestablishingaperson’sfaithastheseareevenacceptedbydisbelievers.Whatisrequiredisthestatementandactionsoftheheart.

Whatismeantbystatementandactionoftheheart?Thestatementoftheheart:convictionthatonlyAllahdeservestobeworshippedandMuhammedisHisMessengerملسو هيلع هللا ىلصandwhatevertheProphetملسو هيلع هللا ىلصcamewithisthetruth.Theactionoftheheart:loveofAllah,HisProphetملسو هيلع هللا ىلص,HisreligionandlovingwhatAllahandHisMessengerملسو هيلع هللا ىلصlove.Also,singlingHimoutinworship.

Whatismeantbyspeech?Righteousactionssuchastruthfulnessandkindnesstoparentsarenotsufficientforestablishingaperson’sfaithastheseareevenacceptedbydisbelievers.

Whatismeantbyaction?ActionsthatProphetMuhammadملسو هيلع هللا ىلصspecificallyconveyede.g.Prayer,Zakah,Saum(Fasting),Hajj(pilgrimage)etc. FaithafterdisbeliefisnotestablishedexceptbytheconvictionwiththeheartoftheProphethood(ofMuhammad,(ملسو هيلع هللا ىلصandbytheactionsofthehearte.g.lovingAllah( عزtheofstatementthethenandlove,theywhateverandملسو هيلع هللا ىلصMessengerHisand(وجل tongue,thenactionofthelimbs.29

29Reference:Referthebook‘Fusoolfil-Aqidah’byShaykhAbdulAzizbinMarzouqAt-Tarefe(pg.25-29)

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FaithIncreasesandDecreases

Faithincreasesanddecreasesandevenbecomesnonexistent;itincreaseswithgooddeedsanddecreaseswithdisobedience.Itdoesn’tbecomenon-existent,exceptbydisbelieforpolytheism.Allah( عز وجل)says,

ا المؤمنون الذين إذا ذكر الله وجلت قلوبهم وإذا تليت عليهم آياته زادتهم إمن إميانا وعىل ربهم يتوكلون

“Thebelieversareonlythosewho,whenAllahismentioned,theirheartsbecomefearful,andwhenHisversesarerecitedtothem,itincreasestheminfaith;andupontheirLord

theyrely.”30

AndHe( عز وجل)says,

... ويزداد الذين آمنوا إميانا...

“....andthosewhohavebelievedwillincreaseinfaith...”31

AndHe( عز وجل)says,

كينة يف قلوب المؤمنني ليزدادوا إميانا مع إميانهم هو الذي أنزل الس

ItisHewhosentdowntranquilityintotheheartsofthebelieversthattheywouldincreaseinfaithalongwiththeir[present]faith.32

30Qur’an:SurahAnfal:231Qur’an:SurahMuddaththir:3132Qur’an:SurahFath:4.Referthebook‘Fusoolfil-Aqidah’byShaykhAbdulAzizbinMarzouqAt-Tarefe(pg.27-29)

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TheNamesandAttributesofAllah

Allahhasloftyattributesandbeautifulnames.NooneknowsaboutAllahbetterthanHedoesofHimself,soweonlynegatewhatHenegatedfromHimself,intheQur’anandSunnah.Wenegateallimperfections,anddothatgenerally.Weaffirmallattributesofperfectionanddothatindetail,withoutTakyeef(enquiringintotheirtruenature)andTamtheel(likeningHisattributestothoseofthecreation) ItisnotpermissibletocomparetheattributesofAllahtoanything.ThereisnothinglikeuntoHim.Allah( عز وجل)says,

ء ميع البصري ليس كمثله يش وهو الس

“ThereisnothinglikeuntoHim,andHeistheHearing,theSeeing.”33

AllahisAboveHisThrone

Allah( عز وجل)isaboveHisthrone,inamannerwhichsuitsHisMajesty.Allah( عز وجل)says,

ء عليم هو األول واآلخر والظاهر والباطن اموات (3)وهو بكل يش هو الذي خلق الس

يعلم ما يلج يف األرض وما يخرج منها وما ام ثم استوى عىل العرش واألرض يف ستة أي

امء وما يعرج فيها والله مبا تعملون بصري وهو معكم أين ما كنتم ينزل من الس

“HeistheFirstandtheLast,theAscendantandtheIntimate,andHeis,ofallthings,Knowing.ItisHewhocreatedtheheavensandearthinsixdaysandthenestablishedHimselfabovetheThrone.Heknowswhatpenetratesintotheearthandwhatemergesfromitandwhatdescendsfromtheheavenandwhatascendstherein;andHeiswithyou

whereveryouare.AndAllah,ofwhatyoudo,isSeeing.”34

33Qur’an:SurahShura:11.Referthebook‘Fusoolfil-Aqidah’byShaykhAbdulAzizbinMarzouqAt-Tarefe(pg.31-35)34Qur’an:SurahHadid:3-4.Referthebook‘Fusoolfil-Aqidah’byShaykhAbdulAzizbinMarzouqAt-Tarefe(pg.31-35)

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AllahBeingwithHisCreation(Ma’iyyah)InKnowledge,SightandHearing

HisMa’iyyah(beingwithHiscreation):itistheencompassmentofallthecreation,withHisKnowledge,HeSeeswhattheydo,andhearswhattheysay.Allah( عز وجل)says,

وهو معكم أين ما كنتم “...andHeiswithyouwhereveryouare.”35

HisMa’iyyahwithHisfriends,canbeofassistingthemwithHishelp,givingvictoryorprotectionlikehowAllah( عز وجل)saidtoMusaandHarun:

إنني معكام أسمع وأرى ال تخافا

“Fearnot.Indeed,Iamwithyouboth;IhearandIsee.”36

TheWillofAllah

NothinghappensunlessordainedbyAllah( عز وجل).Allah( عز وجل)says,

لك الله يفعل ما يشاء كذ“SuchisAllah;HedoeswhatHewills.”37

AndHe( عز وجل) says,

ولكن الله يفعل ما يريد“...butAllahdoeswhatHeintends.”38

35Qur’an:SurahHadid:436Qur’an:SurahTaha:46.Referthebook‘Fusoolfil-Aqidah’byShaykhAbdulAzizbinMarzouqAt-Tarefe(no.31-35)37Qur’an:SurahImran:4038Qur’an:SurahBaqarah:253.Referthebook‘Fusoolfil-Aqidah’byShaykhAbdulAzizbinMarzouqAt-Tarefe(pg.31-35)

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Qur’an;TheWordsofAllah

TheQur’anisthespeechofAllah( عز وجل).Hespokeitdirectly-itsletters,versesandchapters.Allah( عز وجل)says,

وكلم الله موىس تكليام

“AndAllahspoketoMoseswith[direct]speech.”39

AndHe( عز وجل) says,

ولام جاء موىس لميقاتنا وكلمه ربه

“AndwhenMosesarrivedatOurappointedtimeandhisLordspoketohim...”40

ThespeechofAllahispreservedinthebreasts,heardwithears,inscribed(inparchment).AllahhaspreserveditinAl-LawhAl-Mahfouz.Allah( عز وجل)says,

بل هو آيات بينات يف صدور الذين أوتوا العلم

“Rather,theQur'anisdistinctverses[preserved]withinthebreastsofthosewhohavebeengivenknowledge.”41

مرشكني استجارك فأجره حتى يسمع كالم الله وإن أحد من ال

“Andifanyoneofthepolytheistsseeksyourprotection,thengranthimprotectionsothathemayhearthewordsofAllah.”42

يف رق منشور (2) وكتاب مسطور “And[by]aBookinscribed.Inparchmentspreadopen.”43

يف لوح محفوظ (21) بل هو قرآن مجيد “ButthisisanhonoredQur'an.[Inscribed]inaPreservedSlate.”44

39Qur’an:SurahNisa:16440Qur’an:SurahA’raaf:14341Qur’an:SurahAnkaboot:4942Qur’an:SurahTawbah:643Qur’an:SurahTur:2-344Qur’an:SurahBuruj:21-22

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FortheonewhosaysthewordsofAllaharecreated,hehascommitteddisbelief,becausespeakingisfromtheattributesofAllah.VerilythereisadifferencebetweenthespeakingofAllahandthespeakingofHiscreation.Allah ( عز وجل) says,

اموات واألرض يف ستة أيام ثم استوى عىل العرش يغيش إن ربكم الله الذي خلق الس

رات بأمره مس والقمر والنجوم مسخ أال له الخلق الليل النهار يطلبه حثيثا والش

تبارك الله رب العالمني واألمر “Indeed,yourLordisAllah,whocreatedtheheavensandearthinsixdaysandthen

establishedHimselfabovetheThrone.Hecoversthenightwiththeday,[anothernight]chasingitrapidly;and[Hecreated]thesun,themoon,andthestars,subjectedbyHis

command.Unquestionably,Hisisthecreationandthecommand;blessedisAllah,Lordoftheworlds.”45

ItisthewordsofAllahthoughitistherecitationofthereciter,assomeofthepeopleofknowledgehavesaid,

الكالم كالم الباريالصوت صوت القاري و “ThevoiceisthevoiceofthereciterandthespeechistheSpeechoftheOriginator.”

Meaning:ThatwhichisbeingrecitedistheSpeechofAllah.AsforthevoiceandpronunciationitiscreatedbyAllah.46

45Qur’an:SurahA’raaf:5446Reference:Referthebook‘Fusoolfil-Aqidah’byShaykhAbdulAzizbinMarzouqAt-Tarefe(pg.37-39)

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ConformitybetweenNaql(Text)and´Aql(Intellect)

Mattersofthereligionareunderstoodwithacombinationoftextualevidencesandsoundintellect.Ifthereisanapparentconflict,thenthetextualevidencesaregivenprecedence,asitistheknowledgeofthePerfectCreator,whereastheintellectisknowledgeofadeficientcreation.WesubmittowhateverAllahcommandsandprohibits,andbelieveinHisstatements.Ifweknowofitswisdoms,weacceptit,andifwedonot,wesubmitandbelieveinit.WhoeversaysIdon’tbelieveinrulingsexceptthatwhichisperceivedbytheintellect,andthatwhichisn’tIdonot,thenhehasgivenprecedenceoftheintellectovertext,whatevertheintellectcan´tgrasp,doesn’tmeanitdoesnotexist,butratherwecan´tgraspit,asourintellecthaslimits.47

47Reference:Referthebook‘Fusoolfil-Aqidah’byShaykhAbdulAzizbinMarzouqAt-Tarefe(pg.41-44)

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LegislationisforAllahAlone

LegislationbelongstoAllah–HelegaliseswhateverHewants,andprohibitswhateverHewants,accordingtohiswisdomandknowledge.Hislegislationshavecomeforthebettermentofbothworlds.HisordersandprohibitionsarenotliftedinaplaceortimeexceptwithHispermission. Wedonotseparatethelegislationsofthereligionfromtheworldlymatters.Allofthemarereligiousandworldly:

v Religious:Prayer,fasting,Hajj,remembrance,etcv Worldly:Buyingandselling,marriage,divorceandinheritance

Whoeverdifferentiatesbetweenthem,makingreligiousauthorityforAllah,andworldlyauthorityforotherthanHim,hasdisbelieved,becauselegislationisanexclusiverightofAllah.WhoevermakesitforotherthanHimisjustlikeonewhomakessujood(prostration)arightforotherthanAllah.Allah( عز وجل)says,

ياه أمر أال تعبدوا إ إن الحكم إال لله ال إ

“LegislationisnotbutforAllah.HehascommandedthatyouworshipnotexceptHim.”48

ThosewhoseparatetherulingsofthereligionfromtherulingspertainingtotheDunya(worldlyaffairs)andfostertheviewthatAllahlegislateswhatisinthereligionwhilstmanlegislatesonissuesrelatedtoworldlyaffairs–likewhatthepeopleofliberalismsay–hasdisbelieved,aslegislationisonlyforAllahalone.Allah( عز وجل)says,

ببعض أفتؤمنون ببعض الكتاب وتكفرون

“SodoyoubelieveinpartoftheScriptureanddisbelieveinpart?”49foronewhodisbelievesinpartofit(theQur’an),hasdisbelievedinallofit.

48Qur’an:SurahYusuf:4049Qur’an:SurahBaqarah:85

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AllahhascommandedthatrulingbetweenpeoplemustbewithwhathasbeenrevealedtoHisMessengerfromtheBook(Qur’an)andwisdom(Sunnah).Allah( عز وجل)says,

وأن احكم بينهم مبا أنزل الله وال تتبع أهواءهم واحذرهم أن يفتنوك عن بعض ما أنزل الله إليك

“Andjudge,[OMuhammad],betweenthembywhatAllahhasrevealedanddonotfollowtheirinclinationsandbewareofthem,lesttheytemptyouawayfromsomeofwhatAllah

hasrevealedtoyou.”50

50Qur’an:SurahMaa’idah:49.Referthebook‘Fusoolfil-Aqidah’byShaykhAbdulAzizbinMarzouqAt-Tarefe(pg.45-49)

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TheDecreeofAllah

ThedecreeofAllahisthedivinepreordainmentofallthingsbeforetheircreation.Allcreationhasbeencreatedwithdecreebeforetheirexistence.Allah( عز وجل)says,

ره تقديرا ء فقد وخلق كل يش

“andHehascreatedeachthinganddetermineditwith[precise]determination.”51

ء خلقناه بقدر إنا كل يش“Indeed,allthingsWecreatedwithpredestination.”52

الله قدرا مقدورا وكان أمر

“AndeveristhecommandofAllahadestinydecreed.”53

ThedecreeofAllahiscomprehensive–boththegoodandbadofit,asUmaribnAl-KhattabnarratesthattheProphetملسو هيلع هللا ىلصsaid:

وتؤمن بالقدر خريه ورشه “andyouaffirmyourfaithintheDivineDecree,thegoodandevil.”54

Thedecreeofcreationiswritteninabook,withAllah,Allah( عز وجل)says,

ء ما فرطنا يف الكتاب من يش

“WehavenotneglectedintheRegisterathing.”55

AndHe( ع ز وجل)says,

بني ء أحصيناه يف إمام م وكل يش“andallthingsWehaveenumeratedinaclearregister.”56

51Qur’an:SurahFurqan:252Qur’an:SurahQamar:4953Qur’an:SurahAhzaab:3854Sahih:RecordedinSahihMuslim(no.8)55Qur’an:SurahAn’aam:3856Qur’an:SurahYasin:12

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ThecreationofAllah( عز وجل)isoftwotypes:

1) Thosethingswhichdonothaveachoice,liketheplanetsandtheuniverse.

2) Thosewhohaveawillandareabletochoosebetweentwothings,likemankindandJinnandtheangels.TheirwillandabilityaresubjecttothewillanddecreeofAllah,asAllah( عز وجل)says,

لعالمني وما تشاءون إال أن يشاء )28(شاء منكم أن يستقيم لمن )27(إن هو إال ذكر لـ )29( الله رب العالمني

“Itisnotexceptaremindertotheworlds.Forwhoeverwillsamongyoutotakearightcourse.AndyoudonotwillexceptthatAllahwills-Lordoftheworlds.”57

AllahhascreatedHisservantsandalsotheiractionsthattheydo,Allah( عز وجل)says,

)96( والله خلقكم وما تعملون )95(قال أتعبدون ما تنحتون

“Hesaid,‘Doyouworshipthatwhichyou[yourselves]carve,whileAllahcreatedyouandthatwhichyoudo?’"58

57Qur’an:SurahTakwir:27-2958Qur’an:SurahSaffaat:95-96.Referthebook‘Fusoolfil-Aqidah’byShaykhAbdulAzizbinMarzouqAt-Tarefe(pg.51-54)

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TheHereafter

Deathisareality.FromEemaan(faith)isbeliefineverythingthathappensafterit,asmentionedintherevelation,likethetrialofthegraveanditsdelightsandpunishments.Allah( عز وجل)says,

)27( ويبقى وجه ربك ذو الجالل واإلكرام )26(كل من عليها فان

“Everyoneupontheearthwillperish.AndtherewillremaintheFaceofyourLord,OwnerofMajestyandHonor.”59

BeliefinresurrectionandtheDayofReckoningispartofEeman.Allah( عز وجل)says,

ور فإذا هم من األجداث إىل ربهم ينسلون ونفخ يف الص

“AndtheHornwillbeblown;andatoncefromthegravestotheirLordtheywillhasten.”60

AdoubterinthisisadisbelieverinAllah,asAllah( عز وجل)says,

جرمني ا الذين كفروا أفلم تكن آيايت تتىل عليكم فاستكربتم وكنتم قوما م )31( وأماعة ال ريب فيها ق اعة إن نظن إال وإذا قيل إن وعد الله حق والس ا ندري ما الس لتم م

)32( ظنا وما نحن مبستيقنني “Butasforthosewhodisbelieved,[itwillbesaid],‘WerenotOurversesrecitedtoyou,butyouwerearrogantandbecameapeopleofcriminals?’Andwhenitwassaid,'Indeed,thepromiseofAllahistruthandtheHour[iscoming]-nodoubtaboutit',yousaid,'WeknownotwhatistheHour.Weassumeonlyassumption,andwearenotconvinced.'"61

59Qur’an:SurahRahman:26-2760Qur’an:SurahYasin:5161Qur’an:SurahJathiyah:31-32

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Aswellasfortheonewhodeniesthehereafter,Allah( عز وجل)says,

اعة بوا بالس اعة سعريا بل كذ ب بالس وأعتدنا لمن كذ “ButtheyhavedeniedtheHour,andWehavepreparedforthosewhodenytheHoura

Blaze.”62

FromEemaanisbeliefinaccountabilityontheDayofResurrection.Allah( عز وجل)says,

وإن كان مثقال حبة من ونضع الموازين القسط ليوم القيامة فال تظلم نفس شيئا

وكفى بنا حاسبني خردل أتينا بها

“AndWeplacethescalesofjusticefortheDayofResurrection,sonosoulwillbetreatedunjustlyatall.Andifthereis[even]theweightofamustardseed,Wewillbringitforth.

AndsufficientareWeasaccountants.”63

Also,Eemaaninrewardandpunishment,paradiseandhellfire.Allah( عز وجل)says,

ا الذين شقوا ففي النار لهم فيها زفري وشهيق فأم“Asforthosewhowere[destinedtobe]wretched,theywillbeintheFire.Forthem

thereinis[violent]exhalingandinhaling.”64

He( عز وجل)alsosays,

ا الذين سعدوا ففي الجنة وأم

“Andasforthosewhowere[destinedtobe]prosperous,theywillbeinParadise...”

62Qur’an:SurahFurqan:1163Qur’an:SurahAnbiyaa:4764Qur’an:SurahHud:106

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Disbelieversareinthehellfireandbelieversareinparadise.Allah( عز وجل)says,

ا الذين كفر ين فأم نيا واآلخرة وما لهم من نارص بهم عذابا شديدا يف الد 56)(وا فأعذالحات فيوفيهم أجورهم والله ال يحب ا الذين آمنوا وعملوا الص الظالمني وأم

“Andasforthosewhodisbelieved,IwillpunishthemwithaseverepunishmentinthisworldandtheHereafter,andtheywillhavenohelpers."Butasforthosewhobelievedanddidrighteousdeeds,Hewillgivetheminfulltheirrewards,andAllahdoesnotlike

thewrongdoers.”65

Onemustbelieveinallauthenticevidencesaboutaffairsoftheafterlifee.g.thebridge,scales,cistern,scrollofgoodandbaddeeds.66

65Qur’an:SurahImran:56-5766Reference:Referthebook‘Fusoolfil-Aqidah’byShaykhAbdulAzizbinMarzouqAt-Tarefe(pg.55-56)

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StickingtoTheJama’ah(Group)

StickingtotheJama’ah(group)isobligatory,andthereisnoJama’ahwithoutanImam.ObeyingtheImamisinobediencetoAllah.Allah( عز وجل)says,

◌ يا أيها الذين آمنوا أطيعوا الله وأطيعوا الرسول وأويل األمر منكم

“Oyouwhohavebelieved,obeyAllahandobeytheMessengerandthoseinauthorityamongyou.”67Hissaying“amongyou”meansfromamongsttheMuslims.

TheleadershipofadisbelievingImamandonepledgingallegiancetohimisnotcorrect.Itisnotobligatorytoobeyhimexceptthatwhichkeepshisreligionupright,notworldlyaffairs. IfthereisnoMuslimrulerwhoisknowledgeableofthereligion,oneistotakefromthescholarwhokeepsissuesrelatedtothereligionandworldlyaffairsupright.Allah( عز وجل)says,

ولو ردوه إىل الرسول وإىل أويل األمر ن أو الخوف أذاعوا به وإذا جاءهم أمر من األم

منهم لعلمه الذين يستنبطونه منهم “Andwhentherecomestotheminformationabout[public]securityorfear,theyspread

itaround.ButiftheyhadreferreditbacktotheMessengerortothoseofauthorityamongthem,thentheoneswho[can]drawcorrectconclusionsfromitwouldhave

knownaboutit.”68

67Qur’an:SurahNisa:5968Qur’an:SurahNisa:83.

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Itisnotallowedtorebelagainsthim.Onebearsoppressionwithpatience,aslongasclear-cutdisbeliefhasnotbeencommitted.Ithasbeenauthenticallynarrated:

عن أم سلمة، زوج النبي صىل الله عليه وسلم عن النبي صىل الله عليه وسلم أنه وتنكرون فمن كره فقد برئ ومن أنكر فقد إنه يستعمل عليكم أمراء فتعرفون "قال

".ال ما صلوا "هم قال قالوا يا رسول الله أال نقاتل ."كن من ريض وتابع سلم ول

OntheauthorityofUmmSalamah(wifeoftheProphet ملسو هيلع هللا ىلص)thatshesaid:Amirswillbeappointedoveryou,andyouwillfindthemdoinggoodaswellasbaddeeds.Onewho

hatestheirbaddeedsisabsolvedfromblame.Onewhodisapprovesoftheirbaddeedsis(also)safe(sofarasDivinewrathisconcerned).Butonewhoapprovesoftheirbaddeedsandimitatesthem(isdoomed).Peopleasked:MessengerofAllah,shouldn'twefight

againstthem?Heملسو هيلع هللا ىلصreplied:No,aslongastheysaytheirprayer. Heistobeadvisedwithwisdomandknowledgewiththatwhichwillremoveandreduceevilsandnotbyfillingtheirsoulswithsatisfaction.Ithasbeenauthenticallynarrated:

اري أن النبي صىل الله عليه وسلم قال ين النصيحة "عن متيم الد "ال قلنا لمن ق "الدتهم وألمئة ال لله ولكتابه ولرسوله ".مسلمني وعام

OntheauthorityofTamimAl-Dari:TheProphetملسو هيلع هللا ىلصsaid,"ThereligionisNaseehah

(sincerity)."Wesaid,"Towhom?"Heملسو هيلع هللا ىلصsaid,"ToAllah,HisBook,HisMessenger,andtotheleadersoftheMuslimsandtheircommonfolk."69

Itisnotallowedtofollowhismistakes,andexposeandspreadit.Heistobeadvisedsecretly.Ifhelegalisesaviceandspreadsit–ifoneissurethatadvisinginprivatewillbeeffective,hemustdoso,ifnot,clarificationmustbegiventothemasses.70

69Sahih:RecordedinSahihMuslim(no.55a)70Reference:Referthebook‘Fusoolfil-Aqidah’byShaykhAbdulAzizbinMarzouqAt-Tarefe(pg.57-60)

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Jihad

Jihadexistsuntilthedayofjudgement;itdoesnotceaseonearthforamomentaslongastheQur’anremains.Ithasbeenauthenticallynarrated:

فة من ال تزال طائ " وسلم يقول جابر بن عبد الله، يقول سمعت النبي صىل الله عليهتي يقاتلون عىل الحق ظاهرين إىل يوم القيامة ....أم

Jabirbin'Abdullahreported:IheardtheMessengerofAllahملسو هيلع هللا ىلصsay:Asectionofmy

peoplewillnotceasefightingfortheTruthandwillprevailtilltheDayofResurrection....71ItisnotrequiredtoseekpermissionfordefensiveJihad.Onlyintentionofpreventionandrepellingofharmisrequired.Itisobligatorytodefendone´shonour,soulandwealth.Ithasbeenauthenticallynarrated:

من قتل دون "عن سعيد بن زيد، قال سمعت رسول الله صىل الله عليه وسلم يقول ماله فهو شهيد ومن قتل دون دينه فهو شهيد ومن قتل دون دمه فهو شهيد ومن

"هو شهيد قتل دون أهله ف Sa’eedbinZaidnarrated:thatheheardtheMessengerofAllahملسو هيلع هللا ىلصsaying:"Whoeveriskilledoverhiswealththenheisamartyr,andwhoeveriskilledoverhisreligion,thenheisamartyr,andwhoeveriskilledoverhisblood,thenheismartyr,andwhoeveriskilled

overhisfamily,thenheismartyr."72Itisalsoauthenticallynarrated(insummarisedform)inBukhariandMuslim,

عن عبد الله بن عمرو ـ رىض الله عنهام ـ قال سمعت النبي صىل الله عليه وسلم ".ل دون ماله فهو شهيد من قت "يقول

Narratedby`Abdullahbin`Amr:IheardtheProphet(ملسو هيلع هللا ىلص)saying,"Whoeveriskilledwhile

protectinghispropertythenheisamartyr."73

71Sahih:RecordedinSahihMuslim(no.156)72Hasan:RecordedinSunanAbuDawud(no.4772),SunanNasa’i(no.4095)andSunanTirmidhi(no.1421).ImamTirmidhisaid“ThisHadithisHasan.”73Sahih:RecordedinSahihBukhari(no.2480)andSahihMuslim(no.141a)

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Itisobligatorytorepelanassailantortransgressorofone´shonour,soulorwealth,whethertheaggressorisaMuslimornot.ItwascollectedbyAn-Nasa’i:ث بهذا الحديث قال عن قابوس بن مخارق عن أبيه قال وسمعت سفيان الثوري يحد

ذكره "قال .ل يأتيني فرييد مايل سلم فقال الرج جاء رجل إىل النبي صىل الله عليه و كر قال . "بالله م قال فإن ل ."ولك من المسلمني فاستعن عليه من ح "قال فإن لم يذ

لطان " يكن حويل أحد من المسلمني قال لطا . "فاستعن عليه بالس ن قال فإن نأى الس ".آلخرة أو متنع مالك قاتل دون مالك حتى تكون من شهداء ا "عني قال

ItwasnarratedfromQabusbinMukhariqthathisfathersaid:"IheardSufyanAth-ThawrinarratingthisHadith,hesaid:'AmancametotheProphetملسو هيلع هللا ىلصandsaid:"Whatifamancomestomeandwantstotakemywealth?"Hesaid:"RemindhimofAllah."Hesaid:"Whatifhepaysnoheed?"Hesaid:"SeekthehelpoftheMuslimsaroundyouagainsthim."Hesaid:"WhatiftherearenoMuslimsaroundme?"Hesaid:"Seekthehelpoftheruleragainsthim."Hesaid:"Whatiftherulerisfarawayfromme?"Hesaid:"FighttodefendyourwealthuntilyoueitherbecomeoneofthemartyrsoftheHereafter,oryou

protectyourwealth(successfully)."74ItisobligatoryinoffensiveJihadtointendelevatingtheWordofAllah,asithasbeenauthenticallynarrated:

قال يا رسول الله، ما عن أيب موىس، قال جاء رجل إىل النبي صىل الله عليه وسلم ف ال وما فرفع إليه رأسه ـ ق .القتال يف سبيل الله فإن أحدنا يقاتل غضبا، ويقاتل حمية

و يف ليا فه كلمة الله هي الع من قاتل لتكون " رفع إليه رأسه إال أنه كان قامئا ـ فقال ".سبيل الله

NarratedAbuMusa:AmancametotheProphetملسو هيلع هللا ىلصandasked,"OAllah'sMessengerملسو هيلع هللا ىلص!WhatkindoffightingisinAllah'scause?(Iaskthis),forsomeofusfightbecauseofbeingenragedandangryandsomeforthesakeofhisprideandhaughtiness."TheProphetملسو هيلع هللا ىلصraisedhishead(asthequestionerwasstanding)andsaid,"HewhofightssothatAllah's

Word(Islam)shouldbesuperior,thenhefightsinAllah'scause."75

74Sahih:RecordedinSunanNasa’i(no.4081),MusannafofibnAbiShaybah(no.28043),MusnadofImamAhmad(no.22514)andAl-Kabeer(20/313)ofAt-Tabarani.75Sahih:RecordedinSahihBukhari(no.123)andSahihMuslim(no.1904)

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TheImamistobeobeyed;heistobelistenedtoandobeyedinotherthandisobedience.Ithasbeenauthenticallynarrated:

من أطاعني فقد أطاع الله ومن "عن أيب هريرة، عن النبي صىل الله عليه وسلم قال ".األمري فقد عصاين ع األمري فقد أطاعني ومن يعص يعصني فقد عىص الله ومن يط

OntheauthorityofAbuHurairahthattheProphetملسو هيلع هللا ىلصsaid:“WhosoeverobeysmeobeysAllah,andwhosodisobeysmedisobeysAllah.Whosoeverobeystheleaderobeysme,and

whosoeverdisobeystheleaderdisobeysme.”76

76Sahih:RecordedinSahihBukhari(no.2956,2957)andSahihMuslim(no.1835a,b).Referthebook‘Fusoolfil-Aqidah’byShaykhAbdulAzizbinMarzouqAt-Tarefe(pg.61-63)

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VirtuesoftheSahabah(theCompanionsofProphetملسو هيلع هللا ىلص)

ThebestofpeopleaftertheProphetsarethecompanionsoftheProphetملسو هيلع هللا ىلصandtheirvirtuehasbeenmentionedintheQur’an:

د ار رحامء بينهم ◌ ول الله رس محم اء عىل الكف تراهم ركعا ◌ والذين معه أشددا يبتغون فضال من الله ورضوانا ....سج

“MuhammadistheMessengerofAllah;andthosewithhimareforcefulagainstthedisbelievers,mercifulamongthemselves.Youseethembowingandprostrating[in

prayer],seekingbountyfromAllahand[His]pleasure...”77

TheSahabahwereattheforefrontandsomefromamongstthemwerethefirstofthebelieversintheProphetملسو هيلع هللا ىلصatatimeofweakness.TheyarecloserthanthosecompanionsthatcamewhenIslamwasofstrength.ThosecompanionswhobelievedbeforetheConquestofMakkahareofhighervirtuethenthosewhobelievedafter.Allah( عز وجل)says,

أولئك أعظم درجة من الذين ق من قبل الفتح وقاتل ال يستوي منكم من أنف

... أنفقوا من بعد وقاتلوا

“Notequalamongyouarethosewhospentbeforetheconquest[ofMakkah]andfought[andthosewhodidsoafterit].Thosearegreaterindegreethantheywhospentafterwardsandfought...”78thosewhobelievedaftertheopeningofMakkahalsoshareinthevirtuebecauseAllah( عز وجل)mentionsafter(intheayah),

خبري والله مبا تعملون ◌ وعد الله الحسنى

“ButtoallAllahhaspromisedthebest[reward].AndAllah,withwhatyoudo,is

Acquainted.”79

77Qur’an:SurahFath:2978Qur’an:SurahHadid:1079Qur’an:SurahHadid:10

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He( عز وجل)alsosays,

لون من المهاجرين واألنصار والذين اتبعوهم بإحسان ريض الله ابقون األو والس ...ورضوا عنه عنهم

“Andthefirstforerunners[inthefaith]amongtheMuhajireenandtheAnsarandthosewhofollowedthemwithgoodconduct-Allahispleasedwiththemandtheyarepleased

withHim...”80

Themostvirtuousamongsttheforerunnersofthesahabahare:

v ThetenpromisedJannah:themostvirtuousamongstthemarethefourguidedKhulafa(leadersoftheMuslims)

v ThenthosewhoattendedthebattleofBadr

v ThenthosewhoattendedthebattleofUhud

v ThenthosewhogaveBay’ah(allegiance)underthetreetotheProphetملسو هيلع هللا ىلص.Allah,says(عز وجل )

جرة فعلم ما ىف قلوبهم فأنزل لقد ريض الله عن المؤمنني إذ يبايعونك تحت الش كينة عليهم وأثـبهم فتحا قريبا الس

“CertainlywasAllahpleasedwiththebelieverswhentheypledgedallegiancetoyou,[OMuhammad],underthetree,andHeknewwhatwasintheirhearts,soHesentdown

tranquilityuponthemandrewardedthemwithanimminentconquest.”81

80Qur’an:SurahTawbah:10081Qur’an:SurahFath:18

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Ithasalsobeenauthenticallynarratedinthefollowingnarration:

جابر بن عبد الله ـ رىض الله عنهام ـ قال قال لنا رسول الله صىل الله عليه وسلم يوم

"...أنتم خري أهل األرض " الحديبية Jabirbin`Abdullahnarrated:OnthedayofAl-Hudaybiyah,Allah'sMessengerملسو هيلع هللا ىلصsaidtous"Youarethebestpeopleontheearth!"82andtheywereonethousandfourhundredin

number. TheSahabahcarriedtherevelationandtransferredthereligionofIslamtoothers.CriticismofthemisanattempttoseverthechainofthereligionanddoubtingtheSunnah,fortheyarethesecurity(forthereligion)aftertheProphetملسو هيلع هللا ىلص,ithasalsobeenauthenticallynarratedtheProphetملسو هيلع هللا ىلص said:

امء ما ت .... امء فإذا ذهبت النجوم أىت الس وعد وأنا أمنة ألصحايب فإذا النجوم أمنة للستي ما تي فإذا ذهب أصحايب أىت أم ذهبت أىت أصحايب ما يوعدون وأصحايب أمنة ألم

. "يوعدون “....Thestarsaremeansofsecurityfortheheaven,[thatis,theheavenismaintained

becauseofthedelicateorderamongthestars].Whenthestarsarescattered[whenthatordercollapses],whatwaspromisedfortheheavenbefallsit[i.e.thefinaldestructionof

theuniverse].IamthemeansofsecurityformyCompanions[myCompanionswillcontinuetoliveinpeaceandsecurityaslongasIamalive].WhenIleavetheworld,whatwaspromisedformyCompanionswillbefallthem.MyCompanionsaremeansofsecurityformynation(Ummah).WhenmyCompanionsleavetheworld,whatwaspromisedfor

myUmmahwillbefallthem.”83

82Sahih:RecordedinSahihBukhari(no.4154)83Sahih:RecordedinSahihMuslim(no.2531)ontheauthorityofAbuBurdafromhisfather.Referthebook‘Fusoolfil-Aqidah’byShaykhAbdulAzizbinMarzouqAt-Tarefe(pg.65-68)

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Excommunication(At-Takfir)ofaSinner

WedonotexcommunicateaMuslimduetoasin,exceptbydisbelief.CursingAllahisanactofdisbelief.ItisgraverthanShirk,asitinvolvesdegradingAllahtobelowthelevelofastone,whilepolytheistselevatethelevelofastonetothatofAllah.Allah( عز وجل)says,

يكم برب العالمني (97) تالله إن كنا لفي ضالل مبني إذ نسو“ByAllah,wewereindeedinmanifesterror.WhenweequatedyouwiththeLordofthe

worlds.”84

TocurseAllahisagreatformofdisbelief.DisbeliefalsoincreasesanddecreaseslikeFaith(increasesanddecreases).Allah( عز وجل)says,

ا النيسء زيادة يف الكفر إمن

“Indeed,thepostponing[ofrestrictionwithinsacredmonths]isanincreaseindisbelief.”85

AndHe( عز وجل)says,

الو نإن الذين كفروا بعد إميانهم ثم ازدادوا كفرا لن تقبل توبتهم وأولئك هم الض

“Indeed,thosewhorejectthemessageaftertheirbeliefandthenincreaseindisbelief-neverwilltheir[claimed]repentancebeaccepted,andtheyaretheonesastray.”86

84Qur’an:SurahShu’ara:97-9885Qur’an:SurahTawbah:3786Qur’an:SurahImran:90

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Their(thedisbelievers)increaseordecrease(indisbelief)doesnottakethemoutoftheHellfire,butitmakestheirpunishmentmoresevereorless(dependingontheirlevelofdisbelief),asAllah( عز وجل)says:

وا عن سبيل الله زدناهم عذابا فوق العذاب مبا كانوا يفسدون الذين كفروا وصد

“Thosewhodisbelievedandaverted[others]fromthewayofAllah-Wewillincreasetheminpunishmentover[their]punishmentforwhatcorruptiontheywerecausing.”87

WedonotspecificallydeclareapersontobeinParadiseorHellfire,exceptthosetestifiedbyAllah( عز وجل)andHisProphetملسو هيلع هللا ىلص.Whoeverdiesasabeliever,heisfrompeopleofParadiseandwhoeverdiesasadisbelieverisfromthepeopleoftheHellfire.88

87Qur’an:SurahNahl:8888Reference:Referthebook‘Fusoolfil-Aqidah’byShaykhAbdulAzizbinMarzouqAt-Tarefe(pg.69-70)

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TrueFreedom

Thetruefreedom:FreeingoneselffromworshippinganythingbesidesAllah( عز وجل).Allah( عز وجل)says,

ىل أفرأيت من اتخذ إلهه هواه وأضله الله عىل علم وختم عىل سمعه وقلبه وجعل ع

أفال تذكرون الله برصه غشاوة فمن يهديه من بعد “HaveyouseenhewhohastakenashisGodhis[own]desire,andAllahhassenthimastrayduetoknowledgeandhassetasealuponhishearingandhisheartandputoverhisvisionaveil?SowhowillguidehimafterAllah?Thenwillyounotbereminded?”89

EnteringIslamisobligatoryandleavingitisapostasy.Allah( عز وجل)says,

نيا ومن يرتدد منكم عن دينه فيمت وهو كافر فأولئك حبطت أعاملهم يف الد

واآلخرة هم فيها خالدون ئك أصحاب النار وأول

“Andwhoeverofyourevertsfromhisreligion[todisbelief]anddieswhileheisadisbeliever-forthose,theirdeedshavebecomeworthlessinthisworldandthe

Hereafter,andthosearethecompanionsoftheFire,theywillabidethereineternally.”90

Ubudiyah(Servitude):Itisthepurposeofcreationandexistence. Allahsays:

وما خلقت الجن واإلنس إال ليعبدون “AndIdidnotcreatethejinnandmankindexcepttoworshipMe.”91

AllPraiseIsDuetoAllahandHisBlessingsandPeaceBeUponHisProphet,HisFamily

andHisCompanions.

Endoftreatise

89Qur’an:SurahJathiyah:2390Qur’an:SurahBaqarah:21791Qur’an:SurahDhaariyaat:56.Referthebook‘Fusoolfil-Aqidah’byShaykhAbdulAzizbinMarzouqAt-Tarefe(pg.71-73)