2015 1
1
1
.
2
. .1
. .2
3
V . C 1
4
VB
1c .1 ( . )
. .2
5
.
6
R
. .1
. A 1 .2
7 PW . .1
. s 1 .2
8
e . 0oC m2 1 m 1
9
.
11
.
2015 2
2
.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
.-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- .
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
.-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
. . .
2015 3
3
.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
.
. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
.
.-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( VB = V + I r ( )VB = V ) (I r ( .
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( r ) :( VB = V + I r ( ) VB > V . ) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
. PW = VB I :
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
:PW = I2R .
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
) r ( )I r ) .
2015 4
4
2 A
2 C . -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
15 V
1 C 15 J . -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3
3 V/A . -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6 C42 J
= 42 6
=7 V . -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.5 V
1 C = 1.5 J . 1.5= V .
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10-8 .m1.79
1 m 1 m2 0oC =10-8 1.79 . -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
105 -1.m-12.5
105 -1.m-12.5 . 6-10 .m4 .
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 12
. 12
2015 5
5
V = V1 + V2 + V3
I RT = I R1 + I R2 + I R3
I RT = I ) R1 + R2 + R3 (
RT = R1 + R2 + R3
I = I1 + I2 + I3
V
RT =
VR1
+ V
R2 +
VR3
VRT
= V ) 1
R1 +
1R2
+ 1
R3 (
1
RT =
1R1
+ 1
R2 +
1R3
R
. ( R L) -1
R ) -21A
) .
.( e ) -3------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
e
. -1 . -2
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
. -1 . -2
e = R
R = e
= 1e
= L
R A
R1
V1
A1
V2
A2 A3
V3
VT
R2 R3
A
A1
R2
R3 A3
V1
A V2
V3
R1
VT
A2
2015 6
6
. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
.
Slope = R
V )V(
I )A(
Slope = V volt
W )J(
Q )C(
Slope = I Ampere
Q )C(
t )s(
Slope = PW watt
W )J(
t )s(
Slope =
R )(
L )m(
Slope = e L
R )(
)m-2(
Slope = e .m
V )V(
)A.m-1(
Slope = -1.m-1
I )A(
)V.m(
2015 7
7
. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
.
: .1
I = Qt
= N e
t =
VI
= PWV
: .2
V = WQ
= I . R = PW
I
: .3
PW = Wt
= V I = I2R = V
2
R
: .4
R 1R 2
= L1L2
.
: .5
R 1R 2
= A 2A 1
= r2
2
r12
.
2015 8
8
: .6
R 1R 2
=
e1
L1 A 2
e
2
L2 A1
: e .
: .7
R = e
L
A =
VI
: .8
e = R A
L =
1
: .9
= 1
e
= L
R A
:.11
RT = R1 + R2 + R3
:.11
1RT
= 1
R1 +
1R2
+ 1
R3
:.12
RT = R1 R 2R 1 +R2
.. :.13
VB = V + I r
( : r ) .
:.14
I = V B
RT + r
2015 9
9
:.15
)VB(T = )VB(1 + )VB(2
IT = V B
T
Req + r1 + r2
V1 = )VB(1 I r1
V2 = )VB(2 I r2
)VB(T = )VB(2 - )VB(1
IT = V B
T
Req + r1 + r2
2: (VB )< 1(VB. )
: .16
.
:.17
I1I2
= I1
IT I1 =
R 2R 1
:.18
I
= IT
)VB(2
)VB(1
)VB(2
)VB(1
R1
R2 IT IT
I1
I2
R1
R2 IT IT
I1
I2
R
R
