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Study Guide
Location:
Capital: Istanbul Turkey, extended into Europe and
North Africa Famous ruler:
Suleiman the Magnificent
Ottomans
Location:
Centered in Iran Famous ruler:
Abbas the Great
Safavids
Comparison
Ottomans
Sunni Sultan was leader Empire lasted longer
Safavids
Shi’ite Shah was leader Ally of Europe
Both: Tolerant, trade flourished, absolute rulers
“Sick Man of Europe”
Reasons: Empire couldn’t control provinces
“Young Turks” Overthrew Sultan Counter reforms and atrocities
World War I Ally with Germany = losers
Modern Turkey
Built industries with government funds Separated religion and government
Replaced Islamic law with Western model Women given more rights
Set up secular public schools Used western calendar, metric system, and
alphabet Changed dress codes:
Men forbidden to wear Fez Women forbidden to veil their faces
Kemal Atatürk
Importance:
Reduced distance for trade, travel Lowered cost and time for travel Made Middle East center for trade
Suez Canal
Reasons for creation:
Arabs angry at Europe for Imperialism and Colonialism
Balfour Declaration Arabs call for single, unified Arab state
Goals: Participating countries equal Strengthen relations between Arab states Become world power Reduce European influence in Mid East
Arab League
Pros:
Many very wealthy members Large oil deposits Membership is expanding
Cons: Several very poor members Many internal disagreements Not Pro-West
Arab League
Definition:
Movement for unification among the peoples and countries of the Arab World
Closely connected to Arab nationalism, which believes that Arabs constitute a single nation
Pan-Arabism has tended to be secular (apart from religion) and often socialist
Main supporter: Gamal Abdel Nasser
Pan-Arabism
What did the Declaration create?
Country of Israel, home for Jews
Reasons it started conflict Muslims vs Jews Two people, one homeland Both claim holy land as their own
Balfour Declaration
Definition: Movement for the
establishment and support of a national homeland for Jews in Palestine
Zionism