الرحمن الله بسمالرحيم

Islamic university – Gaza.Faculty of engineering.

Civil Engineering

Groups:

Ala`a Dababish

Mousa Shaheen

Supervisor:

Dr. Basil Hamed

Contents

Introduction.Introduction. History of bridgesHistory of bridges. Types of Structure. Types of Structure. Types of Bridges.Types of Bridges. Truss Bridges.Truss Bridges. Types of Truss Bridge.Types of Truss Bridge. How Is The Truss Made?How Is The Truss Made? Samples of bridges.Samples of bridges. Conclusion. Conclusion.

Introduction.

We can define bridges that the part of structure which joint between two separate lands.

bridges have played an important role in the history of human civilization.

Bridges play an essential role in communication among people in all the world.

In addition to their function in transportation, they give the country nice face by all types of them.

History of bridges

The earliest bridges consisted mainly of logs that had The earliest bridges consisted mainly of logs that had fallen or were placed across rivers. While fallen or were placed across rivers. While inexpensive, they were less than reliable. Moving inexpensive, they were less than reliable. Moving heavy loads across them was often impossible. heavy loads across them was often impossible.

Fig. 1

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Primitive bridges were nothing more than a cable of Primitive bridges were nothing more than a cable of rope stretched across a riverrope stretched across a river..

Fig. 2

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The stone arch bridge design is among the strongest The stone arch bridge design is among the strongest and most durableand most durable..

Fig. 3

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Steel arch bridges are also capable of covering great Steel arch bridges are also capable of covering great spans and bearing heavy loadsspans and bearing heavy loads..

Fig. 4

Types of structures

Steel Construction Steel is a wonderful invention. It is very strong for its

weight ,and relatively inexpensive and available for its strength.

Concrete ConstructionConcrete is an Engineers modeling clay. It can be molded and shaped into beautiful, artistic, and useful structures. It has amazing strength in compression

Types of bridges

2. Arch Bridges

1. Cable Bridges

Cable structures are some of the most beautiful and recognized structures in engineering.

Arches can be constructed of many materials - stone, wood, concrete, or steel.

Fig. 5

Fig. 6

3. Beam Bridges

4. Suspension Bridge

Beam supported construction of bridges is the first and foremost style of bridge building.

suspension bridges can span distances from 2,000 to 7,000 feet -- far longer than any other kind of bridge.

5. cantilever Bridge

Cantilevers were one of the first bridge types, many being built by the ancient cultures of China and India.

Fig. 7

Fig. 8

Fig. 9

Truss bridges

Trusses are comprised of many small beams that together can

support a large amount of weight and span great distances.

The truss is a simple skeletal structure. In design theory, the

individual members of a simple truss are only subject to tension

And compression forces and not bending forces.

Types of truss bridges

Fig. 10

How is the truss made?

The major steps for making truss bridges are :

1. Pre-Fabrication Activities 2. Cutting and Marking3. Butt Welding4. Drilling5. Panel Assembly6. Assembly, Welding, and

Correction7. Machining8. Trial Assembly9. Blasting10.Painting

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1. Pre-Fabrication Activities

2. Cutting and Marking.

Fig. 11

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3. Butt Welding

Fig. 12

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4 .Drilling

Fig. 13

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5. Panel Assembly

Fig. 14

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6. Assembly, Welding, and Correction

Fig. 15

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7 .Machining

8 .Trial Assembly

Fig. 16

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9. Blasting

10. Painting

Fig. 17

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Samples of Bridges

1) 1) Akashi-KaikyoAkashi-Kaikyo

LocationLocation: (: (Japan)Japan)

Date CompletedDate Completed: : 19981998

HeightHeight: : 282.8 meters282.8 meters

LengthLength: : 3910 meters 3910 meters

Fig. 18

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22 ( (Clifton Suspension BridgeClifton Suspension Bridge

LocationLocation: : Bristol, EnglandBristol, England

Date CompletedDate Completed: : 18641864 HeightHeight: : 26 meters26 meters

LengthLength: : 214 meters214 meters

Fig. 19

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3) 3) Brooklyn BridgeBrooklyn Bridge

LocationLocation: : Brooklyn Brooklyn

Date CompletedDate Completed: 1883: 1883

HeightHeight: : 83 meters83 meters

LengthLength: : 1834 meters1834 meters

Fig. 20

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4) 4) Humber BridgeHumber Bridge

LocationLocation: : England. England.

Date CompletedDate Completed: : 19811981

HeightHeight: : 155.5 meters155.5 meters

LengthLength: : 2220 meters2220 meters

Fig. 21

Conclusion

• So we couldn’t imagine America, Europe and all the world without bridges.

• After all, we should not to be surprise if we know that.

• This presentation takes us to know how civil engineer developed civilization and transportations by developed bridges.

Thanks Thanks For Your For Your AttentionAttention