Integrated Media & Literature Mrs. Fuggiti

Lesson 17: Analyze Plot

Plot: the story line in a work of literature.

Subplots: A minor plot within a story that is not the main focus of a work.

Finding Nemo Plot

http://www.glencoe.com/sec/literature/course/course1/unit/shortstory.shtml

Plot is the literary element that describes the structure of a story. It shows the a causal arrangement of events and actions within a story.

Plot Structure

Types of Linear PlotsPlots can be told in

Chronological order

Flashback

In media res (in the middle of things) when the story starts in the middle of the action without exposition

Pyramid Plot Structure

The most basic and traditional form of plot is pyramid-shaped.

This structure has been described in more detail by Aristotle and by Gustav Freytag.

Plot Components

Exposition: the start of the story, the situation before the action starts

Rising Action: the series of conflicts and crisis in the story that lead to the climax

Climax: the turning point, the most intense moment—either mentally or in action

Falling Action: all of the action which follows the climax

Resolution: the conclusion, the tying together of all of the threads

The Old Man & The Sea Story

Read “The Old Man & The Sea

Create a plot diagram for the story identifying the following: Exposition Rising Action Climax Falling Action Resolution

Answer questions 1-5 Multiple Choice

Lesson 19: Setting

Setting of story is the time and place in which the events of the plot take place.

The setting includes: Time Place Culture Rituals Customs

Lesson 19: Cont.

What could an author be trying to say about a place by using the following settings:

Lesson 19: Cont.

The setting of a story may be stated outright or implied from the details or the work.

If setting is inferred: Look for words that tell when and where Clues in characters speech or clothing Means of transportation 5 senses

“The Gold Bug”

Read “The Gold Bug”

Answer Q’s 1-5 on page 159

Complete Multiple Choice Q’s 1- 5

Write essay as a class

Lesson 15: Analyze Characterization

Main Characters: round character. We watch them grow and respond to the problems and conflicts they face.

Minor Characters: flat character. Play less important roles in a story. Less developed, one-dimensional

Characterization:

Direct Characterization: the author directly tells you what a character does, thinks, or looks like. (example pg. 132)

Indirect Characterization: writer lets you reach your own conclusions about a character from what the character says and does and from the others in the story know and say about the character. (example 132)

Lesson 15:Characterizations

How do you arrive to an opinion about a person you don’t know very well?

Character Game!

List the words that come to mind for the following series of photos…

THESAURISIZE!

Stereotyping

What can appearance reveal about a person?

Would it help you if you could know the person’s thoughts?

This is how you establish character in fiction.

Pay attention to how Rosicky’s character is revealed.

Lesson 15: Symbols

We create opinions based on: The way someone looks Someone’s dress Someone’s background Stereotypes

Pay attention to the “first impressions” we get from our characters and how these evolve.

“Bernice Bobs Her Hair”

Read story

Complete Written/Multiple Choice Q’s.

Highlight the story examples in story for essay.

Lesson 21: Point of View

Point of view is simply the vantage point from which the story is told.

Omniscient means “all knowing”. In this case there is no identifiable narrator.

The omniscient narrator knows all the thoughts and feelings of all the characters .

Omniscient Narrator Example

Once upon a time there was a girl named Cinderellla. Cinderella got her name because she was forced to work as a servant and sleep near the cinders. Cinderella was treated cruelly by her

wicked stepmother, who was jealous of the girl’s good looks and sweet temper because her own daughters were ugly and mean.

Limited Third-person point of view

Story is narrated by someone who stands outside the story, but who sees everything from the limited vantage point of only one character.

All attention is focused on one person.

We do not know much of what other characters outside this one are thinking or feeling.

Limited-Third-Person POV example

One upon a time there was a girl name Cinderella, who was treated cruelly by her stepmother. Cinderella often wept bitterly in her ashy corner. Nightmares haunted her, and she feared that darkened scullery when the rats came out and played about her feet. At times, she wondered if her goodness would ever be rewarded,

First-Person point of view

This is when the writer lets one character tell the story.

This narrator can be a hero or heroine of the story, or a minor character is observing the action.

This narrator would speak using “I”.

As an audience we only know what the narrator reports to us.

First Person POV example

I had spent sixteen years sitting in the cinders of my kitchen. My stepmother must have hated me, because she made me do the dirty work. I could not understand the reasons for her feelings, for I had always treated her with respect. I slept in the ashes, and was tortured by nightmares and fear of rats.

To analyze the POV ask these questions.

Who is the narrator of the story?

Is this narrator a character in the story, or does the narrator stand outside the story?

Does the narrator know about all the action and characters in the story or is it limited to one character?

How does the point of view affect my reaction to the story’s characters and events?

Lesson 22: Mood

Mood: feeling that the writer tries to create by means of his or her choice of words and images. Mood Article: http://ezinearticles.com/?Writing-Mood&id=117321

What is the mood of this piece? How do we know? What does the author tell us about mood?

Clip: http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=6963E918-D511-42ED-A8A1-449CCE96839B&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=US

Lesson 22: Tone

The tone of a particular text expresses the writer’s attitude toward what he or she is writing about. Non-fiction: serious/humorous Fiction: Range from angry, bitter, sad, frightened, -whatever

emotion your character may be experiencing ect.

Review Tone Notes: http://www.buzzin.net/english/tone.htm

Lesson 22: Style

Style: his or her distinctive way of writing. Word choice Sentence length Authors voice: fluency, rhythm, liveliness Style: adjusted often for audience.

Lesson 20: Theme Clip:

http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=9018B546-ACC6-4DAD-9ACF-

The theme of a fable is its moral

The theme of a piece of fiction is its view about life and how people behave.

In fiction, the theme is not intended to teach or preach You extract it from the characters, action, and setting that make up the story.

The writer's task is to communicate on a common ground with the reader. Although the particulars of your experience may be different from the details of the story, the general underlying truths behind the story may be just the connection that both you and the writer are seeking.

Inferences: Lesson 5

Writers do not always state every detail directly. Sometimes you need to make an inference in what a writer implies but does not directly state.

You make an inference an judge it’s validity based on what you already know about the topic from your reading.

Read Article: short answer & multiple choice q’s to be turned in.

Gillivers Travels: Inferences

Blog!

Lesson 2: Fact vs. Opinion

Fact vs. Opinion Clip

Read “Save the Rainforests”

Complete the “short answer” & multiple choice.

Lesson 3:Essential/Non-essential Info

First you must recognize main idea & supporting details. Main Idea: most important info about a topic.

Supporting Details: the facts, examples, reasons, data that support main idea. Supporting Details

Essential Information: provides you with important details or elements that help you understand the main idea.

Non-Essential Information: does not support the main idea.

Lesson 4 – Bias & Propaganda

Bias creates writing that is slanted toward a particular opinion. Example:

A bar association official who writes and article that advocates increasing attorneys’ fees could be biased.

An officers of a professional group representing lawyers’ interests, that official has a vested interest in increasing the fees that attorney's can charge.

An unbiased article presents BOTH sides of an issue fairly and supports the writer’s arguments and conclusions

with relevant facts.

Lesson 4: Bias & Propaganda

Propaganda: to promote a one-sided argument aimed at winning people over to a cause.

Lesson 4:Propaganda Techniques

Propaganda techniques: Loaded Words and phrases:

“Buzzwords” Example Buyers react positively to free (even if an offer has hidden costs). Americans react positively to liberty, freedom, home, reform, honor. Americans react negatively to taxes, ghetto, slum

Name Calling: Attaching a label to a person

Fascist, pig, yuppie, extremist, terrorist

Euphemisms: Substituting mild, indirect, or vague expressions for ones that are harsh and

blunt. Shell shock, combat fatigue, post-traumatic stress disorder

Lesson 4: Propaganda Techniques

The “Bandwagon” Technique: “jump on the bandwagon” Because everyone else is doing it.

Testimonial: Reliable sources for creditability

“The president says” “My Doctor told me”

Transference: Call on the authority and prestige of something people respect and

tries to transfer that authority onto something the person wants you to believe in or accept. “Nine out of ten physicians recommend….”

Lesson 4: Propaganda Techniques

Bad Logic: Sometimes and argument is based on false premises.

Example: “All poodles are smart. Lexie is a poodle. Therfore Lexie is smart”. However poodles may not all be smart like the writer thinks. = BAD LOGIC!

Fear: Appeal to fear, warning that disaster may occur. These can sometimes be legit.

Example: Addiction documentary for supporting details, show images of what could happen to organs, this is real!

Stereotyping: Lumping all members of a particular group together with no distinctions.

Example: “All housepainters are lazy.”

Lesson 4: Bias & Propaganda

Recognizing Bias & Propaganda

Lesson 26: Diction & Figurative Language

To create images writers use Figurative Language.

“When she said jump in the water she meant it

Figuratively not literally!”

Use your word recognition skills!What is figurative?

What is literal?

Lesson 26: Diction & Figurative Language

Symbol: make an item stand for something else. “Good fences make good neighbors”

Private Symbol: The fence is symbolic of the distance of a neighbor. Public Symbol: American flag, dove – symbolize peace.

Symbolism

Lesson 26: Figurative Language

Similie & Metaphor Similes: use words like or as to make a comparison.

“Her hair looked like an abandoned bird’s nest” Day after day, day after day

We stuck, nor breath nor motion;As idle as a painted shipUpon a painted ocean.

Metaphors: comparisons without using like or as. “Her strange hairdo was a recently abandoned bird’s nest”. Literature:

All ignorance toboggans into know

and trudges up to ignorance again.

Lesson 26: Figurative Language & Diction

Personification Personification: giving non-living things qualities of living things

Death, be not proud, though some have called thee.

Lesson 26: Diction & Figurative Language

Word Recognition:

Bo Zhuyi, the Tang poet known for his simple diction, which made his work available to the less educated and helped to extend his wide popularity. Bo Zhuyi, influenced by his predecessor Du Fu, could deliver blunt and scathing, but feeling, indictments of social ills and injustices. His plaintive narrative verse, such as "Everlasting Remorse," based on the story of emperor Xuanzong and the famous beauty Yang Guifei, became household literature and was adapted for drama in later periods.

Lesson 18: Literary Structures

Rubric & Project