The Roaring Twenties!Mr. Bermudez

CHANGING WAYS OF LIFE

Increased urbanization

New York City = 5 Million

Chicago = 3 Million

1st time more people live in cities rather than rural… Why?

URBAN VS. RURAL

Please fill out a T Chart with the person next to you.

Use pg. 640 and 641

Write a response together.

Two different cultures

City vs. small town

Urban life is a world of anonymous crowds, strangers, moneymakers, and pleasure seekers

Rural life was safe, with close personal ties, hard work and morals

What is the focal point?

What is this painting saying about African Americans?

Song of the TowersAaron Douglas

Artist

Murals

Symbolize different aspects of African American Life.

Think, Pair, Share

What do you know about Prohibition, Think about it? What are some Pros and Cons of this argument?

After pair up with the person next to you, listen to what they have to say.

Then you will share with the class the information you both came up with.

PROHIBITION

18th Amendment

The new law made it illegal to make, sell, or transport liquor

This Amendment launched the era known as Prohibition

Prohibition lasted from 1920 to 1933 when it was repealed by the 21st Amendment

SUPPORT FOR PROHIBITION

Alcohol led to crime, child & wife abuse, and accidents at work

Supporters were from the rural south and west

The Anti-Saloon League and the Women’s Christian Temperance Union helped push the 18th Amendment

Those Against Prohibition

Many Americans did not believe drinking was a sin (Cultural)

Government shouldn’t meddle

Most immigrant groups were not willing to give up drinking. (Social)

More Americans now living in cities, disconnect from the moral small town.

SPEAKEASIES

To obtain liquor illegally, drinkers went underground to hidden saloons known as speakeasies

Why do you think they called it that?

SPEAKEASIES

Penthouses, cellars, office buildings, tenements, hardware stores, and tearooms.

One had to speak “easy” as to not be detected

You had to have a password, or a card for entrance

Bootleggers

People also bought liquor from bootleggers who smuggled it in from Canada, Cuba and the West Indies

Carried liquor inside their boots

ORGANIZED CRIME

Prohibition contributed to the growth of organized crime in every major city

Chicago became notorious as the home of Al Capone – a famous bootlegger

GOVERNMENT FAILS TO CONTROL LIQUOR

Failed to budget enough money

Underfunded

Had to patrol 18,700 miles of coast lines

Only 1,500 poorly paid federal agents.

Forced to dispose of beer

SUPPORT FADES, PROHIBITION REPEALED By the mid-1920s,

only 19% of population supports Prohibition

Caused more issues

The 21st Amendment finally repealed Prohibition in 1933

1920’s Slang Research Activity!

Directions: Research the word you are assigned.

Find some pictures, political cartoons, or people.

Create a working definition.

Must be done in Word. Printed out 10 minutes before bell rings

Bee’s Knees Bootlegger Cement Overshoes Cheaters Flapper Gatecrasher Heebiejeebies Jake Jalopy Lounge Lizard Main Drag

Slang of Today!

Take your word from the 1920’s and change it into a slang word one might use today

SCIENCE AND RELIGION CLASH Fundamentalist

vs. Secular Thinkers

Truths of science

Evolution

Science and Religion Clash

Literal interpretation of bible

Skeptical of scientific knowledge

Bible is inspired by God

Charles Darwin's Theory of Evolution

Evolution of species over millions of years

Issue over teaching in schools.

SCOPES TRIAL

March 1925, Tennessee passed a law that made it a crime to teach evolution

The ACLU promised to defend any teacher willing to challenge the law – John Scopes did

Scopes was a biology teacher who dared to teach his students that man derived from lower species

SCOPES TRIAL

The ACLU hired Clarence Darrow, the most famous trial lawyer of the era, to defend Scopes

The prosecution countered with William Jennings Bryan, the three-time Democratic presidential nominee

Darrow

Bryan

Scopes Trial

Trial opened on July 10,1925 and became a national sensation

In an unusual move, Darrow called Bryan to the stand as an expert on the bible – key question: Should the bible be interpreted literally?

Scopes Trial

Under intense questioning, Darrow got Bryan to admit that the bible can be interpreted in different ways

Nonetheless, Scopes was found guilty and fined $100

Crash Course

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VfOR1XCMf7A

Women of the 1920’s

Change in mentality

Women become more independent

Right to vote

Employment

Driving

Zelda Sayre (Fitzgerald) Rouge means that women want to choose

their man-not take what lives in the next house… Look back over the pages of history and see how the loveliness of women has always stirred men- and nations-on to great achievement! There have been women who were not pretty, who have swayed hearts and empires, but these women… did not disdain that thing for which pain and powder stands. The wanted to choose their destinies-to be successful competitors in the great game of life.

-May 1929.

Flapper

An emancipated young woman who embraced the new fashions and urban attitudes of the day.

Close fitting hat Bright waistless dresses, inch above knees Silk stockings Sleek pumps String of beads

Alternative Essay

Why did the 1920’s allow for our culture to change? Make note of Amendments, people, and dates which support your argument.

Double Standard

A set of principles granting greater sexual freedom to men than to women

Women: Stricter behavior expected

Ladies pulled back and forth between old and new

New Jobs

Teachers Nurses Librarians Typists Filing Clerks Secretaries Stenographers Office Machine Operators

Upper Class VS. Poor

New Technologies Freeing up time Reading club Children FOCUS ON SELF

Work 7:00-3:30 Come home Clean, cook, and

raise children - 11:00

THE CHANGING FAMILY

Birthrates decline

Birth control info became widely available

Birth control clinics opened

American Birth Control League founded 1921

Margaret Sanger and other founders of the American Birth Control League - 1921

MODERN FAMILY EMERGES

Marriage based on romantic love

Women managed the household and finances

Children were not considered laborers/ wage earners who needed nurturing and education

EDUCATION AND POPULAR CULTURE

1920’s Education had a powerful impact on the nation

Enrollment in high schools quadrupled

EXPANDING NEWS COVERAGE

Literacy increased,

Newspaper circulation rose

Mass-circulation magazines flourished

RADIO COMES OF AGE

Radio becomes the most powerful communications medium in the 1920s

News delivered faster and to a larger audience

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aNvxllx_jIQ

AMERICAN HEROES OF THE 20s Americans spent

$4.5 billion on entertainment

BABE RUTH He hit 60

homers in 1927

LINDBERGH’S FLIGHT America’s most

beloved hero wasn’t an athlete but a small-town pilot named Charles Lindbergh

Made 1st nonstop solo trans-Atlantic flight

Took off from NYC in the Spirit of St. Louis arrived in Paris 33 hours later to a hero’s welcome

ENTERTAINMENT AND ARTS First sound

movies: Jazz Singer (1927)

First animated with sound: Steamboat Willie (1928)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BBgghnQF6E4

MUSIC AND ART Composer George

Gershwin merged trad. elements w/ American Jazz

Painter Edward Hopper depicted loneliness of American life

Georgia O’ Keeffe captured grandeur of NY using intensely colored canvases

Radiator Building, Night, New York , 1927

Georgia O'Keeffe

Hopper’s famous “Nighthawks”

WRITERS OF THE 1920S

Sinclair Lewis, first American to win the Nobel Prize in literature, -Babbitt

Ridicules American conformity and materialism

WRITERS OF THE 1920s

Writer F. Scott Fitzgerald coined phrase “Jazz Age” to describe the 1920s

Fitzgerald wrote Paradise Lost and The Great Gatsby

The Great Gatsby reflected the emptiness of New York elite society

WRITERS OF THE 1920S

Edith Warton’s Age of Innocence dramatized clash between trad. and modern values

Willa Cather celebrated simple/ dignified lives of immigrant farmers in Nebraska in My Antonia

WRITERS OF THE 1920s

Ernest Hemingway, wounded in WWI, became one of the best-known authors of the era

The Sun Also Rises and A Farewell to Arms, he criticized the glorification of war

THE LOST GENERATION

Writers such as Hemingway and John Dos Passos were so soured by American culture that they chose to settle in Europe

In Paris they formed a group that one writer called, “The Lost Generation”

THE HARLEM RENAISSANCE

Great Migration By 1920 over 5 million of the

nation’s 12 million blacks (over 40%) lived in cities

Migration of the Negro by Jacob

Lawrence

AFRICAN AMERICAN GOALS

NAACP urged African Americans to protest racial violence

W.E.B Dubois led a march of 10,000 black men in NY to protest violence

MARCUS GARVEY - UNIA

African Americans should build a separate society (Africa)

In 1914, founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/garvey/sfeature/sf_words_pop.html

HARLEM, NEW YORK

Largest black urban community

1920s it was home to a literary and artistic revival known as the Harlem Renaissance

AFRICAN AMERICAN WRITERS Claude McKay’s

poems expressed the pain of life in the ghetto

HR- mostly a literary movement

Well educated blacks- sense of pride

LANGSTON HUGHES Langston Hughes

movement’s best known poet

Poems described the difficult lives of working-class blacks

Some poems put to music, especially jazz and blues

ZOLA NEALE HURSTON

Wrote novels, short stories and poems

Wrote about the lives of poor, unschooled Southern blacks

Focused on culture of the people– their folkways and values

AFRICAN-AMERICAN PERFORMERS

Paul Robeson, son of a slave, became a major dramatic actor

His performance in Othello was widely praised

LOUIS ARMSTRONG In 1922, trumpet

player Louis Armstrong joined- Creole Jazz Band

Armstrong is considered the most important and influential musician in the history of jazz

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tvTAbhQTews

EDWARD KENNEDY “DUKE” ELLINGTON

Duke Ellington, jazz pianist/ composer, led his ten-piece orchestra at the famous Cotton Club

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pfmy6-7pCVA

BESSIE SMITH

Blues singer, perhaps the most outstanding vocalist of the decade

Achieved enormous popularity by 1927 became the highest- paid black artist in the world

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b0TDNR3NEY0&list=RD8Who6fTHJ34