© IJMRND Publications The effect Six Sigma application in ......universities in Riyadh). 3. Clarify the impact of Six Sigma approach (commitment and support of higher administration,

Article ID: IJOER_08_04_001 International Journal of Educational Research ISSN:0883-0355

VOLUME 2017, ISSUE 5, JULY – AUGUST

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International Journals of Educational Research (IJOER) Page 1

The effect Six Sigma application in

organizational development from the

perspective of workers in the Deanship of

Development and Quality (A field study on private universities in Riyadh)

Sharifah A Alkaser

Shaqra University, Saudi Arabia

Contact details: [email protected]

Abstract The study aimed to identify Six Sigma approach and

its role in the achievement of organizational

development at private universities, and find the

statistical significance statement relation between six

sigma standards and organizational development.

Descriptive and analytical approach used in this

study, and to achieve the study objectives the

researcher uses a questionnaire as a tool for data

collection. The study found out several results such as:

* The commitment of private universities in Riyadh to

the standards Six Sigma approach from the point of

views of the sample significantly reached to the

arithmetic average of the field.

* The existence of a positive correlation monitors

cursor between different areas of the Six Sigma and its requirements and the organizational development in

its various dimensions at the level of (0.01).The most

important recommendations base on the research

results are:

* The importance of increasing awareness of the

concept of development at the university institutions

for all employees through higher administration level,

workshops, training conferences, and various

business leading professional association.

Key words: Six Sigma, Organizational Development,

Administration, Human Resource, feedback,

continuous improvement.

1. Introduction The organizational development (OD) is a necessity

imposed by the rapid changes in the internal and

external environment of the universities.

Therefore, the universities must find

necessity methods and means to adjust and adapt to

the requirements of a rapid changing of this

environment, try to influence it to cope with the needs

of the organization. As OD represents positive plan to

improve the organization's performance and transfer it

to stage of the most effective and successful, and

convenient for potential changes, because the

organization must not remain static so as not to have

to face compulsorily undesirable change.

The latest application of total quality in the institutions of higher education administration of the beginning of

the nineties of the twentieth century made a positive

impact on the performance of these institutions and on

their development. However, this research paper will

explore the role of information technology in business

innovation. Simultaneously, significance of IT in

business innovation will be highly focused to move the

organizations towards success [2,4]. Further, the role

of technical architecture and social architecture of the

organizations will be highlighted for IT enabled

business innovation.

The Six Sigma method is the most important scientific

tools for TQM, which appeared recently, where this

approach has proven its efficiency in helping

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organizations in providing products free of defects and

services saturate the wishes of customers either within

the organization or outside the organization's

environment (Taher, 2015)

Therefore, Six Sigma measurements are important in

higher education in bringing OD that helps to respond

to current challenges and address all the complexities

in providing outputs and face the

future. Criteria of Six Sigma concerned with the

scientific method and the definite article name faculty

and administrative system and the type and nature of

the services provided and funding sources, which

enable the universities to apply integrated ways

leading to scientific continuous value to students and

improving the quality of higher education and its development in general [20].

Hence, this study was to identify the sufficiency of Six

Sigma requirements and its relationship with

development in universities in order to identify the

importance of the successful implementation and its

implications on the development of universities in

order to achieve its quality. That should reflect in

learning outcomes, and used to determine and to

build the level of their quality and their ability to

compete at all levels.

2. Statement of the Problem Inability of private universities to compete with

government universities may lead to close them as it

happened in some Arabic countries that closed

some private institutions of higher education. In some

of these countries, the number of closed institutions

reached to twenty during the first three years of their inception [1]. Hence, the survival of the business

is dependent on a holistic view of the educational

process and its development. In addition, to apply

development a change must take place for its being

one of the cultural features of the underdeveloped

world it affects individuals and organizations without

exception. Thus, the organization and

its management face new situations

require working on the discovery of the changes and

state is trying to deal with them. Presents substituted

expect them or prepare initiatives through the

adoption of the development that has become a key

issue and the central objective for many organizations

that made it a project for its continuation and growth,

and an essential tool to ensure their permanent ability

to keep pace with changes and developments in the

environment in its various dimensions [1]. The success of the development project will provide

private universities in referring and education in

general the ability to expand the use of the plan, which

will help to reduce all weaknesses and enabling a

positive impact environmental variables in the present

or potential time.

If the organization wants to get this status, it must

call for the adoption of many of the entries required by

the Quality Management that the development project

require such as Six Sigma approach is the most

important of these approaches.

Research Questions 1. What is the extent of the commitment of applying

the Six Sigma, (commitment and support of higher administration, feedback, continuous improvement

processes, systems and human resources) in

the of organizational development in private

universities in Riyadh from the perspective of

employees in the deanship of development

quality? From this main question, the so sub-

questions emerged:

a. What is the extent of compliance with the

commitment and support of higher administration

in of development at the privet universities in

Riyadh from the perspective of employees in the

deanship of development and quality?

b. What is the extent of commitment to the use of

feedback in of development

at the privet universities in Riyadh from the

perspective of employees in the deanship of

development and quality?

c. What is the commitment to the use of continuous improvement in of development at the privet

universities in Riyadh from the perspective of

employees in the deanship of development and

quality?

d. What is the commitment to the use of operations

systems in development at the universities in

Riyadh from the perspective of employees in the

deanship of development and quality?

e. What is the commitment to the use of human

resources in of development at the

privet universities in Riyadh from the perspective

of employees in the deanship of development and

quality?

Study Hypothesis The study adopts the so main hypothesis:

1. There is a statistical indication at the function level (a≤0.05) between the Six Sigma criteria (commitment

and support of higher administration, feedback,






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continuous improvement, processes systems

and human resources) and organizational

development.

In addition, it subdivided into the five so hypothesis:

a. There is a statistics indication between the

commitment and support of higher administration

of privet universities in Riyadh and of

organizational development at (a≤0.05) level.

b. There is a statistics indication statement between

the commitment of feedback of privet universities

in Riyadh and organizational development at

(a≤0.05) level.

c. There is a statistics indication between the

continuous improvement of private universities in

Riyadh and organizational development at (a≤0.05) level.

d. 4 - There is a statistics indication between the

processes and systems of privet universities in

Riyadh and organizational development at

(a≤0.05) level.

e. There is a statistics indication between the human

resource of privet universities in Riyadh and


Purpose of the Study

The main purpose of this study focuses in identifying

the extent of compliance of Six Sigma approach in

achieving of development in general and in private

universities specially, through the so objectives

1. Identify the Six Sigma approach and its role in the

achievement of organizational development at

universities. 2. The identification of statistical significance

relations between the study variables (Six Sigma

standards and achieving of development in private

universities in Riyadh).

3. Clarify the impact of Six Sigma approach

(commitment and support of higher

administration, feedback, continuous

improvement, processes systems and human

resources) to achieve of the organizational

development in private universities in Riyadh.

Purpose of the Study:

The main purpose of this study focuses in identifying

the extent of compliance of Six Sigma approach in

achieving of development in general and in private

universities specially, through the so objectives:

1. Identify the Six Sigma approach and its role in the

achievement of organizational development at

universities.

2. The identification of statistical

significance relations between the study variables

(Six Sigma standards and achieving of

development in private universities in Riyadh).

3. Clarify the impact of Six Sigma

approach (commitment and support of higher

administration, feedback, continuous

improvement, processes systems and human

resources) to achieve of the organizational

development in private universities in Riyadh.

Definition of Terms:

Organizational development (OD): John et al

(2010) defined development as helping in

securing harmony between regulations environment

and processes, strategy and individuals and the culture

of the organization; and the development of creative

solutions. Therefore, it means to develop the

organization's ability to innovate.

Ghalibi and Saleh (2010) defined OD as various

planned efforts and programed entrances for change ,

that includes the entire organization or

relatively, including large parts, in order to increase

the effectiveness of organization and the

development of potential of all its definite article. It is

a process involving a series of activities of

interventions of planned behavior, which carried out

in collaboration with members of the organization to

assist them in finding ways to improve the work to achieve the organization's and employees objectives.

The OD point raised definition: is a necessity essential

process for the organization in the light of the

changing world, where it deals with some elements of

the organization, or all. It is an advance plan agree

upon by all parties involved and aims to develop the

organization's capacity to diagnosis and face the

problems to achieve the required change with the

environment's effects for the safety of the organization

and its survival and effectiveness.

Six Sigma: Custom, Garrison, et., al (2010) defined

Six Sigma approach as the term refers to a process that

does not produce more than 3.4 million disadvantages

of opportunity; because this rate is very low defects

and this term is sometimes link with the term of lack

of defects’ Zero defects’.

Six Sigma approach is defined procedurally: that a smart, overall quality management methods of work,

and it puts the customer in the first place and uses facts






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and data for the best solutions, it is designed to avoid

a greater percentage of errors can occur in all

activities.

Review of the Literature

First, Six Sigma; The concept of Six Sigma: Six Sigma is the eighteenth letter in the Greek alphabet

statisticians has been used this symbol to denote the

resource standard of the values of the arithmetic

average of the normal curve [1].

The six is the standard deviations that is measured for

each process and thus be considered acceptance of the

process if the resource of no more than 3.4 units per

million products[9]. Six Sigma emphasizes the

restrictions on the highest possible return by reducing the damage or errors to the least limit, where Six

Sigma focus to get to the low level of error of 3.4"

error allowed per million process or an opportunity.

This number is close to zero, which may to say that

access to achieve the use of Six Sigma is almost zero

[14].

The methodology of Six Sigma is subsidiary of the

unreliable of continuous and diligent work toward the

development of products, processes and measurement

systems. The first attempts Six Sigma began in the

year 1979 when the CEO Muturilla announced that the

real problem in the low profits of the company are in

poor quality. Hence, Muturilla Company started its

ambitious journey for defects in the production

process to reach zero, and in the early eighties, the

company has underdeveloped ways to solve problems

in the production process, what aired in the mid-

eighties that worked to spread-the concepts of Six Sigma through a company called the "Sigma Six”. In

the year 1995, Company GE contracted with "SSA" in

order to improve its training program, and this was an

important step in that the concept of Sigma Six is

widespread because of that "GE" company has a

prominent place among global companies (Safawi at

el, 2009).

This means that this methodology born of a desire to

reduce why and focus on the quality of processes and

the use of continuous improvement methodology, the

desire to achieve client satisfaction, and in this keep

up-to-date global developments and the labor market.

The importance of applying Six Sigma The success of Six Sigma in organizations and

companies, making all institutions recognize the

importance of the application of this methodology, in order to eliminate the problems and mistakes, and

achieve high-quality output.

Antony (2004) clarified several uses of Six Sigma as:

reduce the cost of bad quality, develop work teams

institution, raising the morale of the workers and

transform the culture of the anti-errors to prevent

errors, achieve customer satisfaction, and activate

management’s decision that depends on accurate data

and information and is not based on personal opinions.

The importance of Six Sigma, as described by Tai at

el (2009) are as follows:

1. Management dependence on data of facts increases

instead of opinions and feelings.

2. Increase of understanding of customer needs and

expectations.

3. Increase flexibility in the internal operations of

organizations. 4. Increase of satisfaction of stakeholders who

represent large segments of society.

5. Reduce the cost of operations by removing given by

organizations by reducing variation in it.

6. Change the culture of the organization of

therapeutic thinking to preventive thinking.

7. Improve the performance of the teams with the

organization level.

8. Increase the possibility of organizations to adapt to

business changes.

9. Increase the profitability of the organization what is

due to employees incentives.

10. Reduce the cost of the weak performance through

the complaints of the beneficiaries, and increase

awareness of the tools and technology to solve the

problem, and serves a as a new learning.

The principles of Six Sigma: Six Sigma is determined by the principles as

articulated by Shaman and Salamah (2015) are as

follow:

1. The operations must associate the outputs. Six

Sigma focuses on the operations that are the key to

success, as the operations agreement is a way to build

a positive competition in delivering a good product to

the customer.

2. Effective management means seek to prevent the

problem before it retrieved by rather interact with the

event.

3. Pursuit of perfection and allow the mistake,

institution that adopts Six Sigma seeks to apply new

ideas and approaches, to seek perfection and

excellence. They must be ready at the same time to

accept the results and the use of crisis management, to

overcome some of the negatives or risks that could result from it, institution that seeks perfection, but are

afraid of risk and wrong results will never succeed and






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will be sub-par product and disappear amid the recent

global competition.

The benefit of uses the application of Six Sigma in

universities The uses of the application of Six Sigma in

universities as defined by Ahmed and Hussain (2014)

are as follows:

1. Strategic planning for the future of universities.

2. Increase amount and quality efficiency and

achieving effectiveness and excellence.

3. Reduce administrative errors.

4. Reduce complaints of beneficiaries of students,

parliamentarian, and members and thus

achieve satisfaction. 5. Reduce the cost of providing educational services.

6. A good investment of human and material

resources.

7. Stop time waste.

Tools for application of Six Sigma The application of Six Sigma depends on several tools,

which had proved their effectiveness when they are

used in an integrated and coordinated framework, the

instruments of the application of the Six Sigma, as

exemplified by the Suleiman and Hassan (2010) are:

1-The relevant schemes implies the organization of the

facts, views and issues in natural groupings to help in

the analysis.

2-The form of relations: to help in identifying the main

factors for inclusion in the tree’s outlines.

3-The net of activities: it analyzes the sequence of

necessary tasks for the completion of the project and the identification of the critical tasks of monitoring the

implementation of the project effectively.

4-The sequential scheme: depends on showing the

details of the operation, explaining the implementation

procedures and optional routes and points of decision-

making.

5-Comparison of reference: comparing the

performance of the enterprise with the best of other

institutions working in the same field, the introduction

of the best at present and improving it in the future.

The criteria for the application of the Six Sigma Salaheldin & Abdelwahab (2010) and Antony & Bhiji

(2013) selected the standards Six Sigma approach as

follows:

1-The support and the commitment of higher

administration: The support and the commitment of the higher

management approach of Six Sigma is an essential

prerequisite for the success of its application, where

Six Sigma approach is an important strategy that

should follow from the summit of the Organization. It

required convincing stimulation of workers in the

levels of the central administrative and low

management of the importance of the change toward

Six Sigma and the leaders of the supreme

administration should have the enthusiasm and interest

to apply it.

2-The Feedback:

The availability of feedback on quality programs and

performance of staff and managers in the right time

and continuously, allows the improvement of

operations and thus raising levels of quality, which

helps to increase the chances of success and creativity and distinctiveness of the institution and increase its

clients' link.

3-Continuous improvement:

Six Sigma approach confirms the importance of

continuous improvement of the facilities that seek

development process. This principle bases based on

the premise that action is the outcome of a series of

steps, interrelated activities that lead ultimately to the

outcome, and the continuous improvement is an

important element to reduce deviations that occur in

the artistic process that help in maintaining the quality

of performance and increased productivity.

4- Operations and regulations:

Six Sigma approach confirms that any practical action

done in the establishment is a process itself therefore

Six Sigma approach treats the operations and

regulations as basic axis which helps the company in

achieving a continuous success. 5-Human resources:

Six Sigma approach links with human resources

through systematic link of promotions and incentives,

Six Sigma approach link the emoluments of the senior

management with the success of the application of the

method of Six Sigma and appoint advisers and experts

of Sigma approach.

Strategic goals and Six Sigma in institutions The purposes of the application of the Six Sigma as

exemplified by Abdul Al-Jalil, Ahmed (2010) are:

1-Continuous improvement in the operations of the

organization in either production or service, reduce

differences in the operations.

2-Continuous improvement in quality products

delivered to the customer, by reducing the defects in

all stages, rapid response to the request of the customer.






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3-Continuous improvement in the competitive

position of the organization to maximize its

profitability and its needs of accurate information for

decision-making.

4-Continuous improvement in performance and

control, through the identification of responsibilities

and powers, and revealed the imbalance in the

performance of the workers, and the extension of the

concept of self-censorship to different of

administrative and organizational levels of the

organization.

Requirements for the application of Six Sigma Antony (2004) & Coronado (2008) said that there are

several requirements of Six Sigma, which must be available to its application:

1- Availability of qualified persons for applying this

approach.

2-The formulation and sending of a clear vision for the

application of Six Sigma with the participation of all

workers.

3-The creation of the requirements of the application

of Six Sigma accurately, especially in the area of the

black belts who lead the work of the team.

4-The focus on short-term and long-term results.

5-Good planning and to link between beneficiaries

satisfaction and the work of the institution.

6-Attention to the continuous learning, and the

effective investment of potential.

The key ingredients of the success of the

application of the Six Sigma There are many of the basic ingredients that must be

available to ensure the success of the application of Six Sigma that identified by the Gad Al Rab and Sayed

(2010) as follows:

1-The integration of higher management.

2-The message must be clear and easy the workers

must participate.

3-Careful selection of Six Sigma projects and the

training of the appropriate number of leaders of Six

Sigma teams.

4-Focus on short-term consequences in addition to the

growth and improvement of long-term ones.

5-The declaration and the dissemination of positive

results and dealing with negative results.

Obstacles to the application of the Six Sigma The process of the application of the Six Sigma faces

several obstacles: The weakness of the competitive

strength of the organization, resistance to change, the difficulty of measuring beneficiaries’ satisfaction. The

absence of the accuracy of sources of data collection

in the organization the lack of the use of statistical

methods in institutions, and reliance on personal

opinions with regard to the services of institutions [6].

While the Duane at el (2014) selected that the main

obstacles to the application of the Six Sigma in higher

education are:

1-The weakness of the conviction of1 the senior

management of the educational institution of the

importance of the application and the use of Six Sigma

concept in its products and processes.

2-The existence of programs and alternative tools

instead of the use of the concept of Six Sigma.

3-The limited availability of financial, human,

material resources and necessary information to the

use and application of Six Sigma. 4-The fear of failure of using Six Sigma and its

application.

Second: the Organizational Development

The definition of organizational development Organizational development is a long-term plan, to

improve the performance of the organization in the

way to solve the problems and renovation and change

of the administrative practices, this plan adopts a

collaborative effort between administrators taking into

account the environment in which the organization is

operating, and the practical application of the

behavioral sciences [20].

Aladela (2000) defined organizational development

as a long-term outlined effort and activity aim to

change the culture of the organization for continuous

improvement of the capacity of the organization to develop its vision and enhance the quality of its

performance and production and renew itself through

the participation and cooperation of workers to

achieve its goals and objectives.

The objectives of the organizational development Sayrafi (2008) indicated that the objectives of the

organizational development of any organization come

mostly from the following objectives:

1-Providing the necessary information to improve

decision-making process continuously and

appropriately.

2-Work to find a kind of consensus congruence

between individual goals and objectives of the

organization.

3-Work on the creation of a regulatory framework that

is frank and has mutual trust between the staff of the organization.






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4-Find mutual and complementarity relations between

workers as individuals and groups, and promote a

spirit of competition policy within the pronunciation

of the team.

5-To increase understanding of the communication

processes and methods of the leadership and

management of conflicts, through increased awareness

and dynamic potential consequences.

6 -Assisting the supervisors to adopt administrative

methods and democratic supervision, and support to

encourage workers to self-censorship.

The relationship of Six Sigma and organizational

development in the organization

Duane at el (2014) clarified that there is a close and a

connected relationship between the Six Sigma and

organizational development, this relationship clarified

as following:

1-The Six Sigma seeks to achieve satisfaction of

working groups within the organization, this objective

is also a central tenet of the objectives sought by the

organizational development of the organization. The

fact that the human resources of the organization that

are efficient and qualified with high skills and

capacities is the basis for the success of the

organization in achieving the ultimate objectives. To

achieve the other dynamics goals of which is to

improve the internal operations of the organization,

and clients’ satisfaction, and to achieve the maximum

possible profit in the organization. Therefore, we can

say that the approach of Six Sigma aims to increase the

productivity of workers, thus increasing the efficiency and effectiveness of the organization, which the

organization aims to develop, in another sense that Six

Sigma is an essential requirement in the development

and changes in the organization.

2-The Six Sigma aims to improve the quality of the

products in the organization (goods or services) and

presenting products with high specifications, able to

satisfy the needs and desires of the agents of the

organization. Thus achieving a competitive advantage

toward other competitors, this is also of the objectives

sought by the development in the organization as this

administration aims to develop distinct products to

enhance the competitive position of the organization.

3-The Six Sigma aims to reduce errors in scientific

work regulations, this leads to the reduction of

financial and material costs in the organization.

Management of development in the organization also aims at rationalizing public expenditure, reduce costs

and solving the problems of the organization, and

introduce any new improvements.

4- The Six Sigma focus on achieving customer

satisfaction, and to satisfy their needs and desires, but

rather to provide products (goods or services) exceed

their expectations in order to make them always

happy). All this for achieving the objectives of the

organization as a whole and this is what development

sought of and help the organization to apply Six Sigma

methodology.

5- Six Sigma approach contributes in achieving the

goals of organizational development in the

organization through several dimensions, which

include a focus on three main themes: individuals

(owners, customers, and employees), the community, and organizational infrastructure. Because the

application of Six Sigma by taking the advantages of

environmental potentials whether technological, or

human, or material, leading to the development of the

level of service or item produced by the organization.

6- Six Sigma is a means of development by looking at

the dimensions of satisfaction and loyalty of which

aim to change the organizational culture and replace

with a new one. Where organizational culture can be a

development method by spreading awareness and

knowledge of total quality management, by focusing

on the participation of workers at all levels of

organization.

Moreover, Masri and Agha study, (2014) showed that

there is a statistical significant relation at the level of

statistical significance (α≤ 0.05) between the level of

application of Six Sigma methodology in the

Palestinian universities in Gaza Strip and improving the quality of academic life. Otherwise,

Salahedinetal & Abdelwahab study (2010) showed

that the compatibility between different administrative

levels and factors of success of the application of Six

Sigma. The study showed that the application of Six

Sigma is still rare and not widespread, especially in the

banking sector. It is still a new term in the world in

general, and in the Arab world in particular.

3. Methods and Procedures

Research Design Depending on the nature of the study and the

objectives it seeks to achieve it used a descriptive and

analytical method, which is based on the study of the

real phenomenon and interested in treating it as an

accurate description and express it qualitatively and

quantitatively. In this approach information collected about the phenomenon in order to manifest its

different appearances and relations. The analysis,






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interpretation and connectivity to access to the

findings of the study built and answering its questions

and verifying its hypotheses [2].

Population and Sample Size: All employees in the Deanship of development and

quality of private universities in Riyadh selected. They

reached to 80 persons .Only (60) persons has

responded in this category in a percentage of (75%) of

the original community.

Research Methodology: The approach of Six Sigma and organizational

development reviewed through previous studies on the

subject of the study, which have an effective impact on the design of the survey. The survey designed to

collect data that helped to answer research questions

and hypotheses of the study.

Questionnaire consists of three distinct sections sorted

80 items distributed as follows:

The first distinct section: The extent of commitment of

private universities in Riyadh to Six Sigma standards,

and consists of 28 items distributed to the following

method of Six Sigma:

First: higher administration support, and consists of 5

sentences.

Second: Feedback: It consists of 5 sentences.

Third: Continuous Improvement: It consists of eight

sentences.

Fourth: Processes and systems: It consists

of 5 sentences.

Fifth: Human Resources: It consists of 5 sentences.

The second distinct section: The extent of commitment of private universities in Riyadh of organizational

development standards and consists of 30 items

distributed on the following distinct of organizational

development:

First: Individuals and consists of seven sentences.

Second: The group consists of eight sentences.

Third: The organization consists of 15 sentences.

The Third distinct section: It is the effect of setting of

Six Sigma approach in achieving organizational

development, and consists of 20 sentences.

Validity To learn about the validity of the study tool in

measuring for what it put for then it presented to a

number of arbitrators of universities’ faculty

members is (11). In the light of the views

of arbitrators, the study tool prepared and finalized.

Reliability:

After verification of the virtual honesty, an

exploratory sample of application (40) individuals

applied to calculate both the consistency and reliability

of construction to confirm the field application of the

tool.

Alpha Cronbach's method used to measure the

stability of the questionnaire, and the results shown in

Table (1).

Alpha

Cronbach's

coefficients

Distinct Section

0.962 The first distinct section: The extent of the

commitment of private universities in Riyadh to

the Standards Six Sigma

0.841 The second distinct section: The extent of the

commitment of private universities in Riyadh to

OD standards

0.972 The third distinct section: The impact of the use

of Six Sigma approach in achieving OD

0.946 All areas of the questionnaire

Table (1) Alpha Cronbach's Test of measuring the

stability of the questionnaire

The results shown in the previous table clarify that the

value of Alpha Cronbach's coefficient was high for each distinct section ranging from (0.972, 0.841) for

each axis of the questionnaire. The value of the alpha

coefficients for all the articles of the questionnaire was

(0.946), and thus it was ascertained the validity and

reliability of the questionnaire of the study to analyze

the results and to answer the questions of the study and

testing the hypotheses.

4. Data Analysis

First: Results related to the main question: 1. What is the extent of commitment to implement Six

Sigma standards (commitment and support of higher

administration, feedback, continuous improvement,

processes and systems, human resources) in the of the

organizational development of privet universities in

Riyadh from the perspective of workers in the deanship of development and quality?

To answer this question the results that related to the

following sub-questions analyzed:

Results for the first sub-question: 1. What is the extent of commitment to support of

higher administration in organizational development

in privet universities in Riyadh from the perspective of

workers in the deanship of development and quality?

The arithmetic averages and the relative averages






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calculated for the study sample to the standard of

commitment and support of higher administration to

Six Sigma as described in the follow table:

Rank Relative

average Arithmetic

average Expressions Series

2 78.46 3.92

University

management has the

ability to build a

culture of quality and

control

1

5 74.87 3.74

University

administration is

ready to use

contemporary

methods in the field

of quality control

2

3 77.37 3.87

University

administration must

have financial

possibilities for the

use of quality control

programs

3

1 78.97 3.95

University

administration must

have the financial

means to use quality

control

4

4 75.90 3.79

University

administration must

prepare for the

provision of facilities,

time and tools to use

quality control

programs

5

77.10 3.86 Total

Table (2) Arithmetic and relative averages to

estimates the study sample of the extent of the

commitment and support of senior's in organizational

development.

From table (2) noted that Arithmetic average article 4

(guidance the university administration of physical

possibilities for the use of quality control programs)

equals 3.95 (total score of 5) means that the arithmetic average of the relative average is 78.97%. Which

indicates that the average of the response to this article

is more than the degree of medium to approve that

there is approval by the study sample on this article.

Arithmetic average of the second article "willingness

of university administration to use modern methods in

the field of quality control is available" .It equals 3.74

that means that the arithmetic relative average is 74.87

%. Which indicates that the average of response to this

article is more than the degree of medium to approve

a 3 and this means that there is approval from the study

sample on this article.

In general, arithmetic average of this axis equals 3.86.

The arithmetic average relative equals 77.10% so it is

clear that the private universities commitment to the

standard of "supporting the senior leadership" from the

point of the study sample was high. This result agrees

to some extent with the study of

(Salaheldin & Abdelwahab, 2010) which aimed to

reveal the process of applying the approach of Six

Sigma by Qatari banks. In terms of commitment to the

standard of supporting the senior leadership, as in

Abdullah study (2012). The results showed the

necessity of that the leadership of higher education

organizations must be wise in pushing human resource in their organizations to achieve their aims.

Results for the second sub-question: 2- What is the extent of commitment to the use of

feedback in of the organizational development in

private universities in Riyadh from the perspective of


The arithmetic averages and relative averages

calculated to the estimates of the study sample to the

standard of commitment of feedback in organizational

development shown in follow table:

Rank Relative

average

Arithmetic

average Paragraphs Series

4 78.38

3.92

University

management

determines work

and organize

appropriate

measurement of the

performance of the

teams

1

2 79.49 3.97

senior management

relies on financial

and non-financial

indicators to

measure and

evaluate the

performance

according to the

criteria set by the

university

2






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5 76.41 3.82

The university

management

identifies the

standards and

measurements in

the light of the

implementation of

the plan and

evaluating

performance

3

2 79.49 3.97

The university

accredited

measurement

contribute to

improving the

overall

performance

4

1 80.51 4.03

The university

administration

relies on multiple

methods of

achieving

information that

would help in the

provision of

services

5

78.85 3.94 Total

Table (3) Arithmetic and relative averages to

estimates the study sample of the extent of compliance

with the use of feedback in organizational of

development

Table (3) presented the following summary:

The sample response to the fifth article "The university administration relies on multiple methods of

information achievement that help in the provision of

services" was high whereas the arithmetic and average

equals to 4.03 and the as the relative average is

80.51%. While the arithmetic average of the third

article, "the university administration relies on

statistical methods for using and monitoring

performance levels" equals 3.82. The arithmetic

relative average is 76.41%, which indicates that the

average of the response to this article is more than the

degree of middle-approval and this means that there is

approval by the definite article the study sample on

this article. In general, the arithmetic average of the

field equals 3.94, which is the degree of a high

response indicating approval of the study sample on

the university's commitment to the standard feedback

and these results agree

with Salaheldin & Abdelwahab study (2010) in terms

of the importance of adhering to the standard of

feedback in the application of Six Sigma approach.

Analysis of the results for the third sub-question 3-What is the commitment to the use of continuous

improvement in of organizational development at the

private colleges in Riyadh from the perspective of


The arithmetic averages and the relative averages to

the estimates of the study sample to the extent of

compliance with the continuous improvement in of

organizational development in private colleges in Riyadh as shown in the so table;

Rank Relative

average

Arithmetic

average Paragraph Series

1 82.05 4.10

University

administration

considers

continuous

improvement in

administrative

work as part of the

quality

requirements

1

4 78.97 3.95

University

administration

depends on the

quality control for

the purpose of

organizational

development

programs

2

5 78.96 3.95

The university

administration

depends on

quality control

programs for the

purpose of

developing

knowledge of the

dimensions of the

administrative and

technical operation

3

2 81.03 4.05

University adminis

tration is keen in

paying attention to

beneficiaries

4






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suggestions for

use in improving

the quality of

services and

outputs of the

university

3 80.51 4.03

University

administration is

keen on training of

heads of

departments and

units to form

working teams to

the process of

continuous

improvement

5

8 75.38 3.77

The university

administration

implements the

necessary

measures to ensure

that the quality

improvement

plans are

performed by

workers

6

6 76.92 3.85

University

administration is

working on

continuous

improvement for

the purpose

of reducing the

deviations and

errors that occur in

the of the

organizational

development

process

7

6 76.92 3.85

The university

administration

depends on

quality control

programs for the

purpose of

accuracy in

detecting errors

8

78.8 3.94 Total

Table (4) shows that the arithmetic average of the first

article, "the university management considers

continuous improvement in administrative work as

part of the requirements for quality" equals 4.10.

The arithmetic relative average is 82.05%, which

indicates that the average of the response to this article

is more than the middle – approval. This means that

there is approval by the study sample on this article.

The arithmetic average of article six “The university

administration implement the necessary requirements

to 'make sure that quality improvement plans are

performed by workers" equals 3.77 and the arithmetic

relative average is 75.38%, which shows that the

average of the study sample response to this article

exceeds the medium average , this means agreeing to

this article. In general, the arithmetic average of the axis as a

whole equals 3.94 and the arithmetic relative average

to all articles equals 78.8%, which indicates that the

average the sample response is high in response to this

axis. This shows the university's commitment to the

standard of continuous improvement from the point of

the study sample, and this agrees


of the importance of adhering to the standard of

continuous improvement when applying Six Sigma

approach.

Analysis of the results for the fourth sub question 4. What is the commitment to the use and operations

systems in of organizational development in the

private universities in Riyadh from the perspective of


The averages are arithmetic averages, relative to the estimates of the study sample to the extent of

compliance with the regulations and in processes of

development at the community colleges are only in

Riyadh ., as shown in the so table:

Rank Arithmetic

relative

average

Arithmetic

average

Series

4 77.95 3.90 University

management has

the willingness

to provide a

system for the

exchange of

information and

the flow of quality

control programs

1






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5 77.44 3.87 University

administration has

a willingness to

use programs to

help choose the

trade-off between

quality control

programs

2

2 78.97 .953 University

administration has

a willingness and

ability to provide

data base for all

quality control

programs

3

1 80 4.00 University

administration has

a willingness to

provide a direct

communication

system with the

trainers of quality

programs

4

3 78.46 3.92 The university

administration

implements

training programs

based on clear

principles and

criteria

5

78.62 3.93 Total

The table above shows that the arithmetic average of the fourth article, "The university administration has a

willingness to provide a direct communication system

with the trainers of quality programs," equals 4. The

arithmetic relative average is 80%, which indicates

that the average degree of the response to this article

is more than the degree of middle-approval; this means

that there is approval by the individuals on this article.

The arithmetic average of the second article "The

university administration has the willingness to use

programs that help in choosing the trade-off between

quality control programs” equals 3.87 that means that

the arithmetic relative average is 77.44%, and the

arithmetic average is high that indicating approval of

the study sample on this article.

In general, the arithmetic average of 3.93 axis and

arithmetic relative average to all the articles of 78.62%

axis. Which shows that private universities in Riyadh

commitment to standard processes and systems from

the viewpoint of the respondents was high, and this

corresponds to the study of

Salaheldin & Abdelwahab (2010) in terms of the

importance of adhering to the standard of processes

and systems in Six Sigma methodology.

Analysis of the results relating to the

fifth sub-question:

5- What is the extent of commitment to the

use of human resources in organizational

development at private universities in

Riyadh from the perspective of workers in

the deanship of development and quality?

The arithmetic and relative averages to the

estimates of the study sample to the extent

of commitment to the use of human

resources in organizational development at

the private colleges in Riyadh, showed in the

so table:

Rank Arithmetic

relative

average

Arithmetic

average

Paragraph Series

1 77.95 3.90 University management

has a willingness to link

promotions with the

quality control programs

1

3 36.74 3.72 University administration

has a willingness to link

bonuses of senior

management with the

success of quality control

programs

2


has the willingness and

the ability to assign

experts and consultants

of quality control

programs

3


provides financial

incentives to employees

who take their

responsibility to

4






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implement quality

control programs

4 73.33 3.67

University administration

provides moral

incentives for employees

who take their

responsibility to

implement quality

control programs

5

74.87 3.74

Table (6) Arithmetic and relative averages to the

extent of commitment in civil universities in Riyadh to

the use of human resources in organizational development from the point of views the study sample.

Table (6) shows that the arithmetic average of the first

article, "The university administration has a

willingness to link promotions with the university

quality control programs" equals 3.90 and the

arithmetic relative average is 77.95%, which shows

that the degree of approval of the study sample to this

article is high.

Besides that the arithmetic average of article four "The

university administration provides financial incentives

to employees who take their responsibility to

implement quality assurance programs” equals 3.64.

In addition, the arithmetic relative average equals

72.82%, which indicates that the average of the

response to this article is high and this means that there

is approval by the study sample on this article. In general, the arithmetic average equals 3.74 and the

arithmetic relative to the axis as a whole equals 74.87

%, which indicates that the average of the response to

this area is high and this means that there is approval

by the study sample. It is clear that the commitment of

the civil university in Riyadh to the standard of human

resources from the perspective of the study sample

was high, and these results coincided


of the importance of the organization's commitment to

the standard of human resources in the application of

Six Sigma methodology.

To test if the private universities in Riyadh “"the

commitment to the standards of Six Sigma

approach” T test was used as it shown in Table 7 to see if the

average of the response has reached a degree of

medium to approve a 3 or not.

Table (7) The extent of commitment of civil

universities in Riyadh to the standards of Six Sigma

approach

probability

value(sig)

Test

value

Arithmeti

c relative

average

Arithmeti

c average

Field

*0.000 9.559 77.77 3.89 The extent of

the

commitment

of private

university in

Riyadh to the

measurement

s of Six

Sigma

The table above shows that the arithmetic average of

all field articles equals 3.89 and the arithmetic relative

average equals77.77 .And the test value is 9.559 and

the probability value (Sig.) equals.,… .Thus the field

of "the extent of private universities in Riyadh’s

commitment to approach Six Sigma standards " is

statistical significant at 0.05 ≥ₐ level, which indicates

that the average response for this area is more than the

degree of medium-compatibility, that is 3 and this

means that there is approval by the study sample on

this area. In addition, the commitment of private

universities in Riyadh to the standards of Six Sigma is

clear from the point of view of the sample was high.

Secondly, testing the hypothesis of the study The following main hypothesis tested

1. There is statistical indicator on (A≤0.05) level

between the application of Six Sigma with its criteria

(commitment and support of higher administration,

feedback, continuous improvement, processes and

systems, human resources) and of organizational

development.

sub-hypotheses including: 1. There is a statistical significant between the

commitment of private universities in Riyadh and the

standard of support of higher administration and


2. There is a statistical significant between the


standard feedback and organizational development at

(a≤0.05) level.






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standard of continuous organizational improvement at

(a≤0.05) level.

4. There is a statistical indicator between the


standard of processes and systems and organizational

development at (a≤0.05) level.



standard of human resources and organizational

development at (a≤0.05) level.

To test those hypotheses correlation coefficient used,

as shown in the so table

Probability

value (Sig)

Pearson

correlation

monitors

Field

0.000* 781. Support of higher administration

0.000* 646. Feedback

0.000* 654. Continuous Improvement

0.000* 610. Processes and systems

0.000* 634. Human Resources

0.000* 769. The commitment of private

universities in Riyadh Six Sigma

standards.

* Correlation is statistical significant at of 0.05≥ₐ level

Table (8) The correlation coefficient of the

commitment of private universities in Riyadh to the

standards of Six Sigma approach and organizational

development

Table(8) shows that the correlation coefficient of the

of field of "private university's commitment to the

standards of Six Sigma equals 0.769, and that the

probability value (.Sig) equals 0.000 which is less than

the indication level 0.05≥ₐ. That indicates the presence

of a statistical significant relation between the commitment of private universities Riyadh to the

approach of Six Sigma standards and of organizational

development at the level of significance (0.05≥ₐ).

5.Finding: 1. The standard of Six Sigma related to human

resources is the basis for the creation of development.

2. Attention of higher management of the university

and the existence of clear plans to work within the

university that reflected on performance. As well ,as

providing an appropriate environment and climate

based on cooperation among employees within the

university and between the bodies that apply quality

both locally and internationally, which helps to

achieve the organizational development at the

university.

3. The existence of modern software that helps in the

application of modern statistical methods within the

work and the availability of information system in the

university that allows measuring and evaluating

performance within the university easily, which is an important factor in the organizational development

process.

4. The need for appropriate financial support for

training on quality and continuous improvement of

university programs.

5. The need to use the methods and the technological

tools for the organizational development within the

university , the need to put the objectives and strategies

for the organizational development , the improvement

of teaching ,assessment and continuous improvement

of all phases of the work in the university.

6. The importance of continuous reviewing to the

objectives and the administration policies of

organizational development in the university.

7. The need to review the regulations and

administrative policies periodically and clarify them

for employees of the university at the beginning of

working on them. 8. Continuously update to the database and

information available to the university on a regular

basis.

9. The importance of administrative, human, technical

and financial requirements, through integrating them

to implement the organizational in the dean of

development and quality, any one of these

requirements cannot ruled out as they are the basis for

the development and improvement of level

performance of the work within the university.

10. There is a statistical indication differences between

the application of Six Sigma standards and of

organizational development at the university.

6.Recommendations: 1. Increase the awareness of the concept of

development at the university institutions for all employees through seminars, workshops, training

conferences and various business meeting. In addition,






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this in turn leads to the deployment of the

organizational development culture, connecting these

programs with development in limited programs and

the provision of experts in quality, and the application

of Six Sigma method to perform these tasks. With the

need to spread this culture among senior

administrative leaders, allowing the implementation of

its requirements and the most important of them is

convincing senior management of the importance of

development operations.

2. Supporting the institutional structure of university

institutions that allowing the stability of the

organizational structure, review and evaluation of

ongoing work policies and procedures, with the

continuous planning of these policies and procedures in light of the quality philosophy.

3.The need for leadership that has a vivid vision about

the organizational development in the in institutes of

higher education and this leadership must be wise to

push human resource in its organizations to achieve

their objectives.

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© IJMRND Publications The effect Six Sigma application in ......universities in Riyadh). 3. Clarify the impact of Six Sigma approach (commitment and support of higher administration,