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The Cold War: Conflicts between East and West
Divide Between Russia and US??
Ideology:› Democracy
› Communism
Venn Diagram…
Democracy V. Communism› Similarities?› Differences?
Filling out as a class
Truman Doctrine
Civil War in Greece› Britain was unable to continue to support
the reconstruction in the Mediterranean ((Why?)) Turkey and Greece at stake!
› Britain supported the Pro-Western Side› Tito (Communist leader of Yugoslavia)
Supported the communist guerilla fighters› US scared of Soviet expansion (Domino
Theory)
Truman Doctrine con’t
Truman’s speech to congress (3-12-1947):› “I believe that it must be the policy of the
United States to support the free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures.”
((What do you think this means?))
Truman Doctrine Con’t
US suspicious of Soviet’s interest and intents with Greece and Turkey.
Unfounded› Stalin not pleased with Tito’s actions
((Why???))
Kennan’s Containment (Packet)
Front page of your packet… Read through… Then answer the questions following
the passage…
Kennan’s Containment 1.) Kennan states that the Russian politicians want to
maintain their 'prestige.' How would this concept of prestige instigate the Cold War, rather than ending it?
2.) The first line of the second paragraphs predicts that the United States has to face the Soviet Union at "constantly shifting geographical and political points" in order to contain the spread of Communism. Does this scenario come true, and, if so, how?
3.) What does Kennan mean by the second paragraph? How does this relate to what we know of the events of the Cold War?
4.) Why is it important for the United States to appear "know what it wants," all while dealing with internal problems?
Containment Theory
What is Kennan trying to say???
Pop
Marshall Plan
June 1947› European Recovery Program (Marshall
Plan)
Provides 13 Billion dollars to All of Europe› “…against hunger, poverty, desperation,
and chaos.”› USSR does not participate in this, despite
the option to… Why…
Soviet POV of Marshall Plan
Capitalist Imperialism› Gaining influence of weaker countries,
through monetary bribes (favors)
Any truths?› American firms were making the products
sent to Europe…› US popular opinion: Communist advances
fed off economic turmoil
Soviet Reactions?
Russia could not compete with the financial strength of US…
Therefore, it could only do one thing: Tighten its control over eastern Europe…
European Countries Aided
$3.2 Billion – UK $2.7 Billion – France $1.5 Billion – West Germany $694 Million – Greece $677 Million – Austria
Aid between April 3rd, 1948- June 30th, 1952.
Marshall Plan Aid
Division of Europe
Formation of Military Alliances
Why need alliances?
NATO v Warsaw
NATO
North Atlantic Treaty Organization April 1949 Belgium, Luxemburg, Netherlands,
France, Britain, Italy, Denmark, Norway, Portugal, Iceland, USA and Canada signed.
Mutual Assistance
NATO countries…
Before Warsaw, There was…
1949 – Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (COMECON) › Purpose was economic cooperation› Also allowed Stalin Control over the “Buffer
zone”/satellite countries of eastern Europe
Warsaw Pact
1955 Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East
Germany, Hungary, Poland, Romania and Soviet Union joined
Buffer Zone?
Warsaw Pact Countries…