Periodic Table

Coloring the periodic Table

Hydrogen is a NONMETAL despite its placement on the left hand side of the P.Table.

Metals-Left of “staircase” Nonmetals-Right of “staircase” Alkali metals-first family Alkaline Earth metals-second family Halogens-second to last family Noble gases-last family Lanthanides-pulled out first row Actinides-pulled out second row

Families-Alkali Metals

Group 1 (excluding Hydrogen) React with water violently! Lose a valence electron to become 1+ Cations Soft, highly reactive, good conductors

of heat and electricity,

Alkali Metals

Li› Lithium batteries, lithium in dehumidifiers,

strengthens glass, used to treat mood swings, fireworks.

Na› Found in table salt, vapor lamps, sodium

potassium pump in animals to create gradient in cells, fireworks.

K› Active transport pump, nerve cell conduction,

fertilizer, salt substitute, fireworks.

Families-Alkaline Earth Metals

Group 2 Shiny solids, harder than alkali metals Lose 2 valence electrons, 2+ charge Cations React with water (except Beryllium) React with oxygen

Alkaline Earth Metals

Calcium-› bones, teeth, bloodstream, limestone, chalk,

marble, coral reef, Magnesium-

› alloys of magnesium and aluminum and zinc are strong, but light

› Plants need it to make chlorophyll› Found in hard water (makes it difficult for soap

to work properly

› Strontium-fireworks-red color

Families-Halogens

Group 17 (sometimes referred to as 7A)

Forms compounds with almost all metals.

Gain one valence electron to become 1- charge

Anions

Halogens

Fluorine› Toothpaste, drinking water

Chlorine› Gas at room temperature, deadly gas,

bleaching agents, anesthetics at the dentist, disinfects water, found in stomach acid.

Bromine› Used in photographic film

Iodine› Need in diet to maintain healthy thyroid gland,

kills bacteria

Families-Noble Gases

Group 18 (sometimes listed as 8A) Last naturally occurring elements to be

discovered. Xe will react with F (F is so reactive) Fairly inert (stable) Gas at room temperature

Noble Gases

He-› used to inflate balloons, sun, deep sea

diving tanks Ne-

› light displays (electricity excites electrons, when they fall it releases energy in the form of light)

Ar-› most abundant noble gas on Earth,

atmosphere, welding,

Metals

Left of staircase Cations Give up electrons Good conductors of heat and electricity High melting and boiling points. Generally solids, at room temperature. Malleable (sheets) and Ductile (wire)

Metalloids

Either side of the staircase Physical and chemical properties of

both metals and nonmetals. Used in computer chips and solar cells Germanium and Silicon are the most

used. B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te, Po,

Nonmetals

Upper right side of periodic table (right of staircase)

Generally gases, Generally brittle and dull Poor conductors of heat and electricity The only liquid at room temperature is

Bromine, others are all gases

Main Group Elements

Inner Transition Elements (these are pulled out otherwise the periodic table would be too long!

Groups-Review 1-18 as you go Across in the periodic

table.

Valence electrons The number of electrons occupying the

outermost energy level. 1-8, s and p blocks. 1-8 main group elements. Each family has the SAME number of

valence electrons.

blocks

s, p, d, f

Review Questions

The group with one valence electron and very reactive with water is the…..

Alkali metals

Review Questions

The block that contains alkali metals and alkaline earth metals.

S block

Review Questions

The elements that are ON the staircase are referred to as……..because they have both properties of metals and nonmetals.

metalloids

Review Questions

Fluorine is in the family…..

halogens

Review Questions

Group 13 contains how many valence electrons?

3

Review Questions

Group 18 contains how many valence electrons?

8 except for Helium which only contains 2

Review Questions

These elements are good conductors of heat and electricity and make up most of the elements on the periodic table.

metals

Review Questions

These are mostly gases at room temperature except Bromine which is a liquid at room temperature.

nonmetals

Review Questions

At atom that loses an electron is termed a….

cation

Review Questions

An atom that gains an electron is termed an….

anion