LEARNING

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r0yDoNAVfuc

http://vimeo.com/35754924

Classical Conditioning

Phobias Irrational fears of specific objects or situations Heights, dogs, cats, bugs, snakes, professors,

elevators, tunnels, doctors, strangers, thunderstorms, and germs

How do we acquire these? Probably Classical Conditioning!

Ivan Pavlov Russian physiologist Nobel-Prize winning research on digestion! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hhqumfpxuzI

Terminology Neutral Stimulus Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS) Unconditioned Response (UCR)

Conditioned Response (CR) Conditioned Stimulus

Neutral Stimulus Does not originally

produce a response

Pavolv’s bell tone

They preserved Pavlov’s dogs …. #truestory #nobelprize #science

Unconditioned Stimulus

A stimulus that evokes an unconditioned response without previous conditioning (natural, unlearned association)

Meat powder!

Unconditioned Response

An unlearned reaction to an unconditioned stimulus that occurs without previous conditioning

Drooling at the meat powder!

Conditioned Stimulus Previously neutral stimulus that has, through

conditioning, acquired the capacity to evoke a conditioned response

Bell tone!

Conditioned Response Learned reaction to a conditioned response that

occurs because of previous conditioning

Drooling at the bell tone!

This became known as a conditioned reflexo Reflex because they are said to be elicited or drawn

forth because most of them are relatively automatic and involuntary

Trials Any presentation of a stimulus or pair of stimuli How many trials are needed to condition? It

varies (no surprise there)

Classical Conditioning Procedure Summary

First described by Ivan Pavlov, a Russian physiologist

Involves placing a neutral signal before a reflex

Focuses on involuntary, automatic behaviors

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Eo7jcI8fAuI

Classical Conditioning in Everyday Life

Conditioned Fearso Bridgeso Dentists’ drills

11/11/14 Classical Conditioning continued Meditation

Other Conditioned Emotional Responses

Pleasure- cigarettes and Beeman’s gum Product Association

Conditioning and Physiological Responses Immune functioning

o Immunosuppression/antibodies

o Sexual Arousal (quails)

Acquisition Acquisition: the initial stage of learning something

o Based on stimulus contiguity (occurrence of stimuli in time and space)

o Stimuli that are novel, unusual or especially intense have more potential to become CS’s than routine stimuli-they stand out

Extinction Extinction: the gradual weakening and

disappearance of a conditioned response tendency

Conditioned stimulus without the unconditioned stimulus

Spontaneous Recovery Reappearance of an extinguished response after

a period of non-exposure to the conditioned stimulus

Stimulus Discrimination

Occurs when an organism that has learned a response to a specific stimulus that does not respond in the same way to a new stimuli that are similar to the original stimulus

Stimulus Generalization

Occurs when an organism that has learned a specific response to a specific stimulus responds in the same way to new stimuli that are similar to the original stimulus

Baby Albert

Higher-Order Conditioning

Conditioned stimulus functions as if it were an unconditioned stimulus

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hhqumfpxuzI Pavlov

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H6LEcM0E0io&spfreload=10 Difference Between Classical and Operant Conditioning

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mt4N9GSBoMI Big Bang