ابدأ دائما والنهاية أمام عينيك

How to Prepare the Literature CitedHow to Prepare the Literature Cited"References""References"

Journal Abbreviations.• Journal of American Chemical Society

J. Amer. Chem. Soc.

• “ology” abbreviated at the “l”

Bacteriology Bacteriol .

• One-word titles (Science, Nature, etc.) are never abbreviated.

General Rules:• More than two authors (et al.).• Accepted references but not published, “in

press”.

• Submitted references but not yet accepted “unpublished observations”.

• More than one paper for the same author in the same year, we add a letter a, b or c to the year. Example: 1999a, 1999b.

• The references are arranged alphabetically according to the family name of the author (Harvard).

Types of references:• Journals.• Books.• Agency publications.• Newspaper article.• Magazine article.• Thesis.• Internet.

How to write a reference?

Text-bookText-bookA) Personal Author:Author. Book title. Edition (if not the first edition), reprint of relevant City: Publishers` name in full, year; pages (Vancouver).

Example:Example:Murray, J.W.. Ecology of benthic

Foraminifera. London: Longman Group UK Limited, 1991, 270 p.

How to write a reference? Text-bookText-book

Author, ed. Book title. Edition (if not the first edition), reprint of relevant City: Publishers` name in full, year; pages. ExampleExample

Rhodes, A. and Saito, C., eds. Textbook of Petrology. 5th ed., Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1968, 330p.

B) Editor as Author:

Text-bookText-bookC) Chapter in Book:

Chapter author. . Title of Chapter. In: . In: Editor names (eds.), (eds.), Book title. . Edition (if not the first), reprint of relevant City: : Publisher's name in full, ,

year; pages.year; pages. Example:Example:

Harper, J. Genetics and Genodermatoses. In: Rook, A.; Wilkinson, D.; and Ebling, F. (eds.) Textbook of Dermatology. Sixth edition. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1998: 357.

2- A journal:2- A journal:Standard Journal Article Author’s name. Full title of article. Name of journal, year; volume: number, first page-last page.

Example:Example:Liu, C. Evolutionary radiation of planktic

foraminifera. J. Foram. Res., 1992, 22:(2), 62-104.

2- A journal:2- A journal:Author not Known

We place the term Anonymous instead of the name of the authors.

Anonymous. Full title of article. Name of journal, year; volume (number): pages.

Example:Example:Anonymous. . Foraminiferal genera and their

classification. Cush. Cont. Foram. Res., 1976; 1976; 5: : 224-245.

3- A Thesis:3- A Thesis:

Candidate’s name. Title of the thesis. Ph.D or M.S. Thesis. Name of the University, Name of the faculty, year: pages.

Example:Example:

Barakat, B. Histological changes in the liver and kidney of rabbits after the intake of heavy metals. M.S. Thesis. Alexandria University, Faculty of Science, 1987: 24-41. (or 212p.)

44 - -Internet:Internet:

Author’s name. Title of the article. Web name. Time. Date.