© Harcourt Education Limited 2002

2UnitPromoting health and well-being

PIES

The four components of health

• Feeling healthy• Sparkling eyes• Able to run for the bus• Plenty of energy• Body working well• Not having a headache• Good teeth• Good appetite• Feeling fit• Shiny hair

• Active brain• Lifelong learning• Not being bored• Getting involved in

stimulating activities• Feeling motivated

Physical health needs Intellectual health needs

• Not too much stress• Coping with life• Good relationships• Feeling happy and contented• Understanding ourselves• Understanding others

• Interested in activities with others

• Having and maintaining friendships

• Enjoying meeting people• Getting on well with others• Mixing with others• Access to leisure facilities

Emotional health needs

Social health needs

PIES

PIES for babies

Physical needs

Intellectual needs

Emotional needs

Social needs

Warmth

Shelter

Balanced diet

Protection

Good hygiene

Sleep

Exercise

Play

Stimulation

Toys

Experiences

Picture books

Television

Role modelling

Bonding with carer

Love

Encouragement

Laughter

Value

Develop routines

Meet people

Play with others

Explore their environment

PIES for children and adolescents

Physical needs

Intellectual needs

Emotional needs

Social needs

Warmth

Shelter

Balanced diet

Protection

Good hygiene

Sleep

Exercise

Play

Role modelling

Stimulation

Advanced toys

New experiences

Books

Television

Respect

Love

Encouragement

Laughter

Value

Dignity

Develop routines

Meet many people

Play and learn with others

Explore their environment

Education

Prepare for employment

Learning independence

Self-esteem

Learning to be responsible

Access to social facilities

PIES for adults aged 18 to 65

Physical needs Intellectual needs Emotional needs Social needs

Warmth

Shelter

Balanced diet

Safe surroundings

Good hygiene

Sleep

Exercise

Books

Television

Newspapers

Conversation

Education

Stimulating job

Respect

Love

Encouragement

Feel valued

Independence

Self-esteem

Form and maintain relationships with others

Opportunities to mix with others

New experiences and hobbies

Access to facilities and services

Supportive relationships

Support in times of distress

Financial security

Leisure time

Convenient health facilities

Comfort

Good sexual health and awareness

PIES for older people

Physical needs Intellectual needs Emotional needs Social needs

Warmth

Shelter

Balanced diet

Safe surroundings

Good hygiene

Sleep

Exercise

Books

Television

Newspapers

Conversation

Education

Respect

Love

Encouragement

Feel valued

Independence

Self-esteem

Leisure facilities

Opportunities to mix with others

Information about leisure facilities

Access to facilities and services

Supportive relationships

Support in times of distress

Financial security

Convenient health facilities

Comfort

Practical help

SHORT TERM

LONG TERM

A healthy lifestyle

Body temperature risesFat deposits

release fatty acids Increased breathing rate

Glycogen stores turn to glucose

Increased feeling of well-being

More protection from heart attacks

Loss of weight

Stamina and endurance increase

Joints become more flexible

Muscles develop strength

Energy used up

Resting heart rate decreases

Increased heart rate and vasodilation

Benefits of exercise

Environmental pollutionGenetic make-up

Leisure services, shops

Health services

Advertising

Income

Stress

Social life

Housing

Education

Employment status, social class

Religion, race and culture

Family, friends

Age, sex

Factors affecting health and well-being

Solvents Cigarettes

Repeat prescription

drugs

Alcohol

Drugs

Risks to health and well-being

Substance abuse is too much use of, or the unsafe

use of…

Harmful effects of misusing drugs

• Heart problems

• Respiratory problems

• Dehydration

• HIV

• Hepatitis infections

• Sleeplessness

• Crime

• Unreliability

• Unemployment

• No friends

• Homelessness

• Law breaking

• Vulnerable to accidents

• Panic

• Depression

• Hallucinations

• Paranoia

• Mental confusion

Physical Social Psychological

Effects of alcohol abuse

• Feeling good

• Loss of self-control

• Lack of inhibition

• Lack of money

• Social relationships destroyed

• Slow reaction time – brain areas affected

• Alcohol dependence

• Cirrhosis of the liver

• Vulnerability to accidents

• Depression

• Weakened immune system – more infections

• Altered sexual performance – stimulates desire but weakens performance

• Damage to brain – can lead to coma followed by death

Short-term effects Long-term effects

Solvent abuse

• Hallucinations

• Suffocation

• Vomiting

• Kidney damage

• Lack of concentration (leading to accidents)

• Liver damage

• Headaches

• Heart failure

Effects of solvent abuse

Carbon monoxide

NicotineIrritant particles

Hazards of smoking

Exposure in childhood

Exposure in pregnancy

Heart disease and poor

circulation

Tar

HAZARDS OF SMOKING