464 MRDIC3TNLBamn] MEMORANDA. [FEB. 20, 1909.

elegant and more efficacious. The point to bear in mindis the firm pressure on the edges of the ulcer in order toflatten them down. I repeat this because what is calledUnna's method of treating ulcus cruris is frequently per-formed in a very perfunctory and inefficient manner, theidea which underlies it being entirely overlooked.

I have obtained very good results by this method; insome cases, indeed, excellent. In the case of womenespocially,. such as laundresses, charwomen, etc., thepatients are able to follow their occupation with comfortand earn their living. so precarious at the best of times-an important item for these poor people under existingsocial arrangements. Of course, wherever possible, Iagree with Dr. Hecker when he says the bandages shouldbe applied "before the patient leaves bed." Personally,when ordering ordinary bandaging of the legs from theroot of the toes upwards to support varicose veins, I havefor a good many years recommended patients to do thisbefore they got up in the mornina, namely, before theeffects of gravity in the vertical position came into play.

* ~ gtemntiauta:MEDICAL, SURGICAL, OBSTETRICAL.X-RX1Y TREATMENT IN VENEREAL SORES AND

BUBOES AFTER OPERATION.THE patient is placed on his back with his head raised.A strip of lead, 9 in. wide, with a central hole, is placedover the penis; above and below this is placed foil coveringthe body from the neck to the knees. A small piece oflead, which has an opening just a little larger than thesore, is placed over the penis, so that the sore is exposed;the patient, using both hands, steadies the foil and thepenis; the. hands and arms are covered with foil. Thet.ube is 6 in. distant from the part. The tube must be soft(about 2 in.); the amperage about, but not exceeding 4.The exposure is of five minutes' duration. After fourdays, if- there be no reaction, a further exposure of fiveminutes is given; after four more days, if there still be noreaction; a further five minutes is aaain given, continuinguntil a reaction is produced, when the exposure is reducedby one-half, other conditions. remaining the same, and theinterval is extended to seven days. The applications arecontinued until the sore heals, and stopped directly thefirst signs of radio-dermatitis are noticed. The patientshould be made to understand thoroughly the value ofabsolute cleanliness.In the case of buboes which have been operated on the

method and exposure are precisely the same-a smallpiece of foil surrounding the part and protecting the tissuesin the vicinity.

All the lead in actual contact-that is, the " apron andthe small pieces-are boiled daily after use, the largerpieces once a week, unless they get soiled in any way.Each patient has a sterile piece of lead in contact for eachexposure. lodoform, calomel powder, or other dressingsmust be removed from the part to be treated beforeexposure, as they absorb the x rays. The usual dressingsubsequently employed is sterilized gauze for openbuboes, mercury perchloride (1 in 2,000) on lint forvenereal sores.The results have been extremely valuable. The lhealing

of the chancre is considerably accelerated, in all probabilityin less than half the time as contrasted with any otherlocal measures.In the case of venereal sores the tendency to suppuration

of or lhyperplastic matting of the nearest lymphatic glandsis also reduced, a matter of extreme importance as regardsthe efficiency of the soldier. The healing of large opera.tion wounds after excision of broken-down glands andscraping of the bubo is markedly accelerated, the suppura-tion is lessened, and more bealthy granulations make theirappearance.

I have no knowledge of x rays having ever been used inthe above class of cases.

H. C. FRENCH, Major, R.A.M.C.Royal Herbert Hospital. Woolwich.

AURAL IMPACTION OF A CHERRY STONE FORTWENTY YEARS.

WnEN I first saw- the patient in the following case-as alocumtenent after her confinement-I noted a discharge

from the right ear. Just inside the- external meatus, andcompletely occluding the canal, was a rounded massbathed in pus, which I thought might be a large polypus.Having no instruments with me I postponed closer exami-nation, simply giving instructions for the ear to be syringedwith warm boric lotion three times daily. On my nextvisit, two days later I found that, the ear having been verypainful, poultices as well as syringing had been used, andthe body I had observed but not identified had been ex-tracted in two halves; one had come away with thepoultice the previous evening, the other the morning of myvisit. The former had been thrown away. The latter I sawvand examined. It was half a cherry stone covered with aloosely adherent membrane and cartilaginous in appear-ance . The interior was honeycombed and bathed in pus.Both pieces came away without any sort of assistance-simply adhering to the poultices. The patient's mother,who was present, gave me the following history:When aged 5-or twenty years before I saw her-the

patient pushed a cherry stone into her ear, and imme-diately told her mother. It was not far in, and themother tried to extract it with a pin, but only pushed itdeeper. For the next few years the stone remainedvisible, and caused periodical attacks of earache. Fre-quent attempts were made by the mother to extract itby means of hairpins and the like; but it got pushedfurther in by degrees, and eventually could not be seen.No medical man was consulted. The stone continued tocause deafness and frequent attacks of earache, but therewas no discharge from the ear until the seventh month ofher recent and second pregnancy. The earache thenbecame more severe and persistent and a slight purulentdischarge appeared.During her subsequent delivery-that after which I first

saw her-the patient "felt something burst" in her earduring a pain, and the discharge soon became moreprofuse, the earache continuing; sixteen days later thestone was extracted as stated. It would seem that it hadbeen dislodged from its deep position, and possibly broken,during the straining of childbirth, and, once loosened, wasgradually forced outward by the pus behind it, untilfinally, with the aid of syringing and poultices, it came outaltogether.Bournemouth. J. E. ESSLEMONT, M.B., Ch.B.

REFLEX COUGH.A FEW days ago I was called to see a boy whose parentshad lately come into the district.The history was that for the last eighteen months,

folloWing an attack of whooping-cough, he had sufferedfrom a distresing cough, so severe that he had been senthome from school " as he kept the other boys awake atnight." The patient had been under treatment the wholetime in various parts of the country. On examinationnothing was found in the chest, nose, throat, or mouth toaccount for the cough, which was of a typical reflex type.The right ear, however, showed a quantity of cerumen, andon gently syringing I was able to extract a large mass,embedded in the centre of wllich was a complete cloverflower about the size of a marble. This foreign body hadgiven rise to no ear symptoms nor could I fix the date ofits entry. The cough ceased within a few hours and theboy has returned to school.My only excuse for reporting this somewhat trivial case

is to draw attention to the necessity of a systematicexamination of all organs which may be irritated reflexlyand so give rise to symptoms which refuse to yield toroutine treatment.Liiipsfield. J. REGINALD BENTLEY, M.B., B.C.Cantab.

WE are requested by Dr. Grosz, Secretary-General ofthe Sixteenth International Medical Congress, which is tobe held at Buda-Pesth from August 29th to September 4ththis year, to call the attention of those who propose to takcpart in the. proceedings of the Congress to the regulationthat the manuscripts of their communications should bedispatched by February 28th, 1909, at latest, to the officeof the Congress, VII1 Esterha~zy-utca 7, Buda-Pesth (Hun-gary). We would also remind our readers that the sub-scription t;o the Congress is tw-enty-five crowns in Austro-Hungarian currency, which sum may sent by post-officeorder to Professor Dr. de Elischer, Treasurer of theCongress, VIII Esterhaizy-utca 7, Buda-Pesth.

THE BEITITS 1486 M:EDICAL JOURNAL J DMEDICAL NEWS. [FEB. 20, I909.

THE eighth International Congress of Otology will beheld at Buda-Pesth next August.DR. SCHUMAN LECLERCQ, of Carlsbad, has been made

Chevalier of the French Legion d'Honneur.THE annual general meeting of the Association of Cer-

tificated Dispensers will be held in the Apothecaries' Hall,London, on Thursday next at 7.30 p.m.AN association for the repression of venereal diseases

has been founded at Warsaw. It comprises two sections:one social and legislative, the other medical.A SUM of £1,080 has already been collected for the erec-

tion of a monument in memory of the late Professor Cornil.M. Fallieres, President of the French Republic, has given£12 to the fund.AT the January examination for sanitary inspectors

tnder the Public Health (London) Act, 1891, held by theSan-itary Inspectors' Examination Board, 19 candidatespassed, of whom 9 were women.A GOVERNMENT Laboratory of Bacteriology has been

founded in Warsaw. The director is Dr. Tscharnozky.*The laboratory is intended chiefly for the purposes ofveterinary and public health researches.THE German Emperor has conferred upon Sir James

'Reid, Bart., Physician-in-Ordinary to the King and thePrince of Wales, the First Class of the Order of the Crown,abn the occasion of the visit of their Britannic Majesties toBerlin.THE Cross of a Commander of the Francis Joseph Order

has been conferred upon Professor Koloman Mueller, ofthe Medical Faculty of the University of Buda-Pesth.Professor Mueller is a member of the Hungarian House ofMagnates.THE University of Heidelberg has received from a

foreign benefactor interested in the advancement of sciencethe sum of £6,500 towards the foundation of a radio-graphic institute. It is expected that the institute will bein working order by Easter.

DR. JAMES Ross WATT, of Ayr, President of the AyrshireBranch of the British Medical Association, has, on theiecommendation of the Earl of Eglinton and Winton,Lord Lieutenant of the county, been appointed a Justice,of the Peace for Ayrshire.AT a conference on women's lodging houses to be held at

the British Institute of Social Service, 11, SouthamptonRow, London, W.C., under the presidency of Sir JohnKirk, Director of the Ragged School Union, on Wednesdaymext, at 4 p.m., it is proposed to form a small committee toconsider how to forward the national provision of safeshelter for unprotected women.WE learn from the Boston MIedical and Surgical Journal

'that radium has been for the last five years in continuoususe in a clinic at the Boston City Hospital. Althoughwithout the designation, a radium institute has in a wayexisted there, where questions relating to the physics offadium have been studied as a guide to the intelligent useof it in the treatment of the patients.ON the occasion of their leaving Orsett, Dr. and Mrs.

Corbett were presented by their friends with a handsome,grandfather clock, an illuminated address, and a purse of50 guineas, as a mark of respect. Dr. Corbett, in acknow-ledging the presentation, regretted that owing to bronchialattacks he had been recommended to leave Orsett, afterresiding there for seventy years, and take up his residencein a warmer place.

The address by Sir Thomas Oliver on some medical andinsurance problems arising out of recent industrial legis-lation, given before the Life Assurance Medical Offlicers'*Association on November 4th, 1908, as reported in our-lcolumns of November 14th, page 1496, has been printed ina pamphlet, together with a report of the meeting onDecember 2nd, when the discussion of the paper was con-tinued. Copies can be obtained on application to thehonorary secretaries of the society (2, Frederick Place, OldJewry, E.C.), price two shillings.THE United States Senate on January 26th passed a bill

iorbidding the importation of opium into the States exceptfor medicinal purposes, and then only under strict regula-tions to be prescribed by the Secretary of the Treasury.All other forms of opium, smoking opium, or any derivative-of opium, are, according to the MIedical Record, absolutelyshut out. Possession of the forbidden drug, it is expresslystated, shall be deemed sufficient evidence to convict, andoffenders may be punished with two years' imprisonmentand a fine of £1,000.THE fourth meeting of the Departmental Committee

appointed by the Lord President of the Council to con-

sider the working of the Midwives Act was held on

February 17th at the Privy Council Office, Mr. Almeric W.FitzRoy presiding. The following witnesses attendedand gave evidence: Miss Wilson, President of the Incor-porated Midwives Institute; Mr. F. B. Harris, DeputyTown Clerk of Nottingham, on behalf of the Associationof Municipal Corporations; Mr. Joseph Brown, of Dews-bury, on behalf of the Association of Poor-law Unions inEngland and Wales; and Mrs. Wallace Bruce, on behalfof the Association for Promoting the Training and Supplyof Midwives.THE members of the West London Medico-Chirurgical

Society dined together at the Hotel Great Central, Mary-lebone, on February 12th, with Colonel T. H. Hendley,I.M.S., in the chair. Mr. R. Lake proposed the toast of"I The Imperial Forces" in a patriotic speech, which was

acknowledged by Inspector-General J. Porter, R.N., whoemphasized the importance of attracting the best mento the naval medical service, as it was necessary to keepthe men in the Navy in health because they took so long totrain that it was not an easy matter to replace them. SirRichard Douglas Powell, in submitting the toast of "TheWest London Medico-Chirurgical Society," spoke of theinfluential position it had attained in the course of itstwenty-seven years of existence. The Chairman, in reply-ing, gave a short account of the work and progress ofthe society during the past year. The toast of "I KindredSocieties and Guests "was proposed by Mr. L. A. Bidwell,and was responded to by Sir William Church and Dr. W. P.Herringham. Mr. Aslett Baldwin, who was in charge ofthe arrangements for the dinner, was heartily congratulatedon the successful result of his efforts.THE annual meeting of the After-Care Association,

established thirty years ago, to aid poor persons dischargedrecovered from asylums for the insane, was held on

February 3rd at the house of Dr. Savage, who presided.Amongst those present were the Bishop of Croydon, Mr.H. J. Tennant, M.P. (Parliamentary Secretary to theBoard of Trade), Dr. D. Nicolson, C.B. (Lord Chancellor'sVisitor), Dr. E. M. Cooke and Mr. A. H. Trevor (Com-missioners in Lunacy), Drs. Blandford, Bond, Bower,Robert Jones, Percy Smith, Shuttleworth, and others, in-cluding many ladies. The report of the council, read bythe Secretary (Mr. W. Thornhill Roxby) stated that muchindividual care and attention was needed in suitablyplacing persons, who though recovered from insanity,were frequently the subjects of peculiarities and prejudices.During the year 1908 no less than 388 applications for aidhad been received, and with few exceptions the 248 womenand 140 men had been successfully helped. Personalinfluence exercised by the office staff was an essentialfactor in dealing with these cases, and timely and -tactfulintervention often prevented relapses. The receipts for theyear amounted to £1,054 and the expenditure to £879;£50 had been granted by the City Corporation, and theCity Companies had been good friends of the association.A Guild of Help had been instituted in connexion with theassociation, and two new local branches had been formed.Mr. Roxby pleaded for punctual payment of subscriptionsand for new ones, which would be gratefully received at theoffices of the association, Church House, Westminster.The adoption of the report was moved by the chairman(Dr. Savage) and was seconded bythe Bishop of Croydon, wholaid stress on the necessity of supporting this very usefulcharity, which was the only one existing in the UnitedKingdom for helping mental cripples who had fallen out bythe way to regain the industrial high-road of life's journey.Such a task was often beset with difficulties, but he wasthankful to say the word "impossible " had passed out ofthe vocabulary of the noble profession of medicine. Dr.Nicholson and Dr. Blandford, in supporting, referred to someof the improvements that had taken place in the workingof the association, and commended it to a greater share ofpublic support. Mr. H. J. Tennant, Mr. Woolcombe,Dr. Marriott Cooke and Mr. Trevor also spoke, andafter the adoption of the report and the election of offlcers,Dr. Robert Jones, of Claybury, read portions of a paperentitled The Urgent Need of Helping Mental Convales-cents, pointing out that over 8,000 persons were reportedin the Lunacy Commissioners' Blue Book from 1908 to havebeen discharged recovered from asylums in England andWales, 1,228 from the London asylums alone, of whom705 were women, at least one-tenth of whom werefriendless and another tenth were without friends able torender them assistance. It was imperative, in the publicinterest, and from the point of view of preventing relapse,that these poor people should be adequately assisted, andthat this society should be furnished with means to extendits beneficent work. The meeting closed with a vote ofthanks to the chairman and host.

=

li

adi'tdititz_anbQ*j

UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE.THE following appointments have been made:

Dr. Rivers to represent the University at Fiftieth Anniversary of theFoundation of the Anthropological Society of Paris.

Dr. Langley, a m'ember of the Board of Electors, to the Professor-ship of Anatomy.

Dr, Fletcher, a member of the Board of Electors, to the DowningProfessorship of Medicine.

E. H. Starling, M.D., a member of the Board of Electors, to theProfessorship of Physiology.

Sir Clifford Allbutt,.a member of the Board of Electors, to the Pro-fessorship of Pathology.

Dr. Gaskell, a member of the Board of Electors, to the Professorship'of Surgery.

Dr. Humphry has been co-opted a member of the Degree'Committeeof the Special Board for Medicine.

E. C. Stirling, M.A., M.D., Trinity College, has been approvedfor the degree of Doctor in Science.The following degrees were confirmed on February llth;M.D.-T. M. Neatby, Joh.M.B.-B. P. Campbell, Cla.; W. K. Keyworth, St. Selw.M.B., B.C.-O. R. Smale, Gonv. and Cai.; F. B. Treves, Gonv. and

Gai.BC.-T. W. Wood, Pemb.

UNIVERSITY OF LONDON.'MEETING OF TEE SENATE.

A MEETING of the Senate'was held on January 27th.Recoquition of Teacher.

Dr, Franpis O'Brien WAhison was recognized as a teacher oflhysiology at St. Mary's Hospital.Curriculzim for the B.Sc. (Pass and Honours) Examination in

Physiologyfor Internal Students.It was resolved that in and after 1910 the regulations for the

B.$c. (Pass and Honours) degree in physiology for internalstudents (Red Book, September, 1908, pp. 195, 207) be amendedto tread as follows;A.-Pass Degree.The curriculum in physiology shall consist of:

1. A complete course of not less than sixty lectures onphysiology.

2. A practical course of histology extending over not lessthan three months and occupying not less than sixtyhours.

3. A practical course of physiological chemistry extend-ing over not less than forty hours, and including:

The preparation, properties, and methods of estima-tion of the chief carbohydrates.The properties of fats, fatty acids, and the common

oxcy-fatty acids; saponification.The properties of the chief proteins.The action of ferments.Th-e chief disintegration products of the proteins ;

amino-acids and their derivatives.Urea; creatine and creatinine; the purin group;

uric acid.4. A course of practical physiology (including demonstra-

tions and practical exercises) extending over not lessthan six months, and occupying not less than 120hours.

In this course the student is expected to acquainthimself with the methods employed for the demon-stration of the fundamental physiological processesas laid down in the syllabus, and to carry out suchchemical manipulations or simple experiments asare comprised therein.A revised syllabus has also been issued.

13.-Honours Degree.The degree is open to the following classes of candidates:

(a) Students who have passed the Second Examinationfor Medical Degrees (Parts 1 and 2) as InternalStudents.

Such students must, subsequently to attendingthe prescribed courses in physiology for theSecond Examination for Medical Degrees, pursuean approved course of study for the B.Sc. honoursdegree in physiology extending over at least oneyear, involving not less than sixteen hours'laboratory work per week, as well as attendanceat two at leagt of the courses of advanced university lectures in physiology of the year previousto the examination. Such students will not berequired to present any subsidiary subject at the13. c.honours examination.

(b) Students who have passed, the Intermediate Exami-nation in Science.

Such students must attend the course inphysiology prescribed for the B.Sc. pass degree,and must, in addition, after completion of thesecourses, have pursued a further ..course of studyextehding over at least one year, and involvingnot less than.sixteen hours' laboratory work perweek, as well as attendance at two at :least of the

courses of advanced university lectures inphysiology of the year previous to the examination.

Subsidiary Subjects.-Human anatomy and morphology,organic chemistry, physical -chemistry, physics,.zoolgy,.botany.

Assistant to thve Professor of Protozoology.Miss Muriel Robertson was appointed one of the assistants

to the Professor of Protozoology, vice Dr. J. D. Thomson,resigned.,

Date of the M.B., B.S. Examination.It was resolved'that the examination for internal and external

students for the M.B., B.S. degrees held twice in each yearshould commence on the fourth Monday in October and the firstMonday in May.

Appointment of Representatives.Mr. G. H. Cowen,.B., B.S., has been appointed a member of

the Council of Hartley University College, 'Southampton. Mrs.Scharlieb, M.D., M.S., has been reappointed a governor of St.Mary's College, Paddington.

Advanced Lectures in PhlsiologyDr. W. Bulloch is unable to deliver the course of lectures on

prophylaxis against infection announced to be given by him atthe London Hospital Medical College.

DEGREES.The following candidates passed the examination indicated:INTERMEDIATE MEDICINE.-C. Aldis, Guy's Hospital; C. H. Backus,

St. Bartholomew's Hospital; S. G. Billington, University ofBirmingham; Margaret E. Bjirkegren, London (R.F.H.) Schoolof Medicine for Women; B. Blackwood, University of Leeds andGuy's Hospital; Florence H. Bousfield,London (R.F.H.) -Schoolof Medicine for Women; T. D. Bowen, University College, Car-diff, and University College; G. F. Bradley, London Hospital;B. W. Brown, King's College and Westminster Hospital; M. A. C.Buckell, University College; *G. B. Buckley, Victoria Universityof Manchester; Winifred F. Buckley, London (R.F.H.) School ofMedicine for Women; A. B. Cardew, Middlesex Hospital; A. B.Clark, Universityof Sheffield; J. H, Cobb, Universityof Sheffield;H. St. C. Colson, King's College; G. Covell, Guy's Hospital;E. G. H. Cowen, Charing Cross Hospital; H. Davies, UniversityCollege; W. H. Dupr6, St. Bartholomew's Hospital; W. H. Eggar,Middlese.x Hospital; R. F. Eminson, Charing Cross Hospital;D. B. Evans, University College, Cardiff; G. T. Foster-Smith,Guy's Hospital; Frances J. Freston, London (R.F.H.) School ofMedicine for Women; V. Glendining, Guy's Hospital; AliceM. L.Greaves, London (R.F.H.) School of Medicine for Women; F. W.Hamilton, Middlesex Hospital; H., L. Hopkins, Guy's Hospital;W. B. Laird, St. Thomas's Hospital: L. Levene, UniversityCollege; G. Marshall, Guy's Hospital; +M. Mayers, London Hos-pital; P. J. Monaghan, Guy's Hospital; Hannah G. Morland,London (R.F.H.) School of Medicine for Women; J. G. Moseley,London Hospital; +C. T. Neve, St. Bartholomew's Hospital;T. T. O'Callaghan, Guy's Hospital; W. H. Parkinson, VictoriaUniversity of Manchester; +B. R. Parmiter, Guy's Hospital;*tR. E. Porter, London Hospital; *J. Potter, London Hospital;H. H. Robinson, London Hospital; C. F. Schuler, St. Thomas'sHospital; E. P. Scott, London Hospital; R. G. Sparkes, St.1Mary.'sHospital; Mildred B. Stogdon, London (R.F.H.) School of Medi-cine for Women; F. R. Todd, St. Bartholomew's Hospital; J.Tremble, St. Bartholomew's Hospital; R. T. Vivian, St. Bar-tholomew's Hospital; G. E. S. Ward, Middlesex Hospital; H. P.Warner, Guy's Hospital; *H. H. V. Welch, St. Thomas's Hos-pital; F. S. Williams, University College, Cardiff, and St.Bartholomew's Hospital; R. M. Wright, University College,Bristol.

* Distinguished in pharmacology. f Distinguished in physiology.

UNIVERSITY OF ABERDEEN.UNIVERSITY COURT.

Annual Financial Statement.A MEETING of the Univerbity Court was held in MarischalCollege on February 9th, when Professor Matthew Hay presidedin the absence of the Principal who has been indisposed forsome time.The Chairman, as convener of the Finance Committee, in

moving the adoption of the report reviewed the condition ofthe university finances.

General lund.-The general fund showed a balance on thecredit side of £1,334, as compared with a balance of £732 for theyear 1906-7. The improved condition was due partly to anincrease in the number of students and partly to the raising ofthe class fees in the Arts Faculty. In 1906-7 th6 matriculatedstudents numbered 890, while in 1907-8 they were 932, and if theteachers in training who attend university classes are included,the numbers were 1,299, the largest number in the history of theuniversity. The total revenue from class fees payable into thefee fund account, from which the surplus, if any, after payingthe salaries of professors, passes into the general fund, was£10,642 in 1906-7 and £11,510 in 1907-8-a gain of £868. Theincrease of students was confined to the women, who nownumber one-fourth of the total number of students and nearlyone-half of the arts students. The faculty showing the largestgrowth was the Arts Faculty.Decrease in Medical Students.-Professor Hay then referred to

the decrease in the number of medical students, showing that,in common with nearly all other medical schools, AberdeenUniversity had had fewer e-ntries in medicine than formerly,but there werenow signs that the ebbing of the tide had reachedits limit. The Scottish universities could scarcely expect infuture to attract any considerable proportion of their medicalstudents from across- the Tweed, England and Wales being new

Itift"!Biwmz,-1)SOB 3ftD%OAL'JvUji*iL I UNIVERSITII§'S ',AjRD 0,-O'L-tEGEF;. [IftKi. 2d, t**,

Fins., 20, Igo0.I '.I-UNIVERSITIES AND COLLEGE1'GS...-' [TIM A5 a7IMS1DIOAL Jouairiili JW67

well served byseveral new universities witht an equipnient notinferior to their own. If, however, a southern student haddecided not to attend the university at his own door, and was

attracted by the traditional reputation of the Scottish univer-sities, he, ventured to believe that Aberdeen would continue toattract her share of such students, and of students from ourColonies. Aberdeen, both academically and residentially, offeredundoubted advantages. The university now possessed labora-tories and classrooms of the newest type, the classes were not ofunwieldy size, and the various hospitals, which had multipliedin recent times, afforded adequate facilities for clinical instrc-tion. Aberdeen was admittedly one of the healthiest townsinthe empire, with a climate suited to vigorous wotk, as well asto healthy living. There was probably no university town inwhich students could live more cheaplyand comfortably.

Salaries of Assistants and Exanminers.-Referring to the salariesof assistants and examiners, amounting tb totals of£2,504aan-d£865 respectively, the Chairman said thase could bear to belargely-augmented, both by an addition: to the emolu.ments ofexisting assistants and examiners and by an increase in theirnumber. These two bodiesof- officers required, in the unani-mylous opinion of the Court and Senatus, the first consideration in

any scheme of. increased expenditure. The Finance Cbmmitteecould not, however, at thepresent moment encourage a remit

for this purpose, as some of the most important- of the univer-sity ordinances had been recast, or were about to be recast, andthe changes involved might seriously affect the revenue fromiclass fees, and might well wipe-out-the present surplus.

Extensiont of Buildinqs.-In the buildings extension accountthere was a debit balance of£1,087, but it, was& hoped that thepayment of outstanding subscriptions promised to:theextengionfend would at least reduce the residual burden to the universityin regard=to this.account. It would be a matter of much, grati-fication to the Court and a noteworthyfinish to thehistory of thegreat extension movement had it been possiblie to say that thescheme had been brought to a close without any debt.

The Carnegie Grants.-The most vital financial feature of theyear was the payment to the university of the endow-mentgrants which had been accumulating in the hands of theCarnegie trustees under their first quinquennial scheme of dis-tribution of grants. The sum thus received last year amountedto £25,000, exclusive, of the grants for provisional assistanceand for the library. This sum was devoted to the completeendowment of the LecturesWp in Geology and to the partialendowment of the Lectureship in French. Under the secondquinquehinial scheme similar endowments would become avail-able for the departments of Education, Political Economy, and

Constitational History. During the five years just ended theuniversity had received £45,000 from the Carnegie Trust. Ofthis sum, £30,000 had been capitalized for endowments for Eis-tory, Geology, and French, while£15,000 had been expended on theannual maintenance of the library, the equipment of laboratoriesand museums, the prov.ion of certain additional assistants, and

the better remuneratioji of certain lecturers. Whatever criticism

might be made in somb quarters regarding the payment of class

fees by the Trust, all admitted that the grants for the betterendowment and equipment and staffing of the university had

been of the utmost advantage.Degree of LL.B.-Professor Hay then referred to the institu-

tion of new lectureships in the Law Factlty, which made it

possible for the university now to grant the;degree of LL.B.Benefactions.-Finally the Court was reminded of the new

benefactions which had been received during the year. Dr. Dey,

a,member of the Court, continued to give his generous annualdonation of £50 to the library. Another recent member, Dr.

Crombie, whose, retirement. from. the Court was so sincerelyregretted; and whose unsparing generosit had helped them in

every financial emergency, had placed the university underfresh obligations by his open-handed assistance to the athletic

association in the erection, of their much-needed pavilion.

Professor Trail, a former member of the Court, had mostgenerously gifted, in memory of his mother, the sum of

£1,000, the interest of which was to be applied, under very

commenda,ble conditions, for the assistance of necessitous anddeserving students. ThXe very valuable Colonel Milne Fund had

come into operation last year, and was a]pplied to a similar

purpose. It ought to be widely known that certain funds,exclusive of bursary funds, were now available for the

private assistance of worthy students attending the uni-

versity. The Rev. Mr. Miller, Buckie, made a furthercontribution of fifty guineas during the year to supple-

ment his previous endowment of the Caithness Prize inHistory. The Primrose trustees provided sums for prizes inLa&w and AgricuXture, and the trustees of the late Mr. WilliamKnox had handed over the sum of £2,134 for the endowment of

bursaries in Divinity and Medicine and for scholarships in

Arts. The generous bequest of £3,000 by the late Dr. John

Wight for medical bursaries had come into operation duringthe year, the management of the fund being in the hands of a

special body of trustees.The report was approved, and the secretary was instructed

to send a copy to the secretary of the Scottish EduastionDepartment, as required under the ordinance.

VICTORIA UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER.IT is announced that Sir T. U.. Holland, D.Sc., F.R.S., has beenappointed to the Chair of Geology, vacant. through the resigpa-tion of Professor W. Boyd Da,wkins. Sir T. H. Holland will,sttbject to the sanotion of the Secretaryof State for India, resignthe post of Directopif the.;GeologicpA khrvy-m..;wh le

has held since 1903, and will also resi n the Readership inGeology in the University. of Cailcutta, -tis expected that hewill enter on his duties in Manchete next Qctober, and mean-while the department of Geology will remain under the super-vision of Professor Boyd Dawkins, whoo baa been appointedHonorary Professor in the'University.

It has'.been arranged that the Bishop of Safor-d shouldgive,two lectures on Wednesday evenings., March 17th abd 24th. Th-subject .of the. first, lecture. will be Medicine and the. MedicalScience in Ancient Iran; the lectures will be open to the publiowithout charge.

ROYAL COLLEGE OF. SURGEONS OF ENGLAND.AN ordinary council was held on February 11th, Mr. IlenryMorris, President, in the cbair.

Election of the-Prince of Wales as Honoraryj Fellow. -..The President reported that-H.R.H. the Prince of Wales had,

graciously'cmsented to become an Honorary Fellow of the.'College., .The Council.. thereupon unanimously- elected Hisi.Roya.Highness an Honorary Fellow.

Diplomas.Diplomas of Membership were issuled to 81 candidates found:

qualified at the recent' examinations. Diplomas were also'issued jointly with the College of Physicians to 13 candidatesfound qualified in Public Health.

Board of Examiiners in Dental Surgery.Mr. C. T. Dent was appointed on the Board, in' the. vaeancy

occasioned by the retirement of Mr. G. H. Makins.

CONJOINT BOARD IN ENGLAND.AT a meeting of the Comitia of the Royal College of Physicians'on January 28th'and of the Council- of the Royal College. of'Sirgeons on February 11th the Diplomas of L.R.C.P. andM.R.C.S. were conferred upon 81 candidates who have com-pleted the Final Examination in medicine, surgery, and mid'-wifery of the Examining Board in England and have complied.with the by-laws. The following are the names of the suceessfun.candidates, namely:

M. M. Adams, Guy's; D. Allan, Cambridge and Guy's; E. A.' W.Alleyne, St. Mary's; M. B. Baines, Oxford and London; C. W. T.Baldwin, Charing Cross; J. J. H. Beckton, St. Bartholomew's;A. W. Bevis, St. Mary's; B. Biggar, St. Bartholomew's; F. J. C.Blackmore, Sheffield and University College; W. Blaydes,Cambridge and St. Bartholomew's; 0. H. Bowen. St. Bartholo-mew's; F. Brachi, St. George's; E. A. Coorey, Ceylon andLondon; E. L. Councell, Liverpool; B. Dale, King's Collegeand St. George's; J. T. Daly, Middlesex; H. W. B.Danaher, London; M. Davidson, Oxford and University College;Pedro.Joaquim de Miranda, Bombay, King's College, and Uni-versity College; S. Dixon,.Cambridge and St. Bartholomew's;P. A. S. Dyson, Guy's; H. L. Gauntlett, King's College; lan-chersha Dhanjibhai Dorabii, Bombay and University College;R. L. Glass, Bengal and London; B. G. Goodwin, Birmingham;F. J. Gordon, Cambridge and St. Bartholomew's; A. A. Green-wood, Guy's; S. H. Griffiths, Middlesex; W. E. Haigh. UniversityCollege; M. Hallam. Sheffield and London; W. Hanens, Cam-bridge and St. Thomas's; C. B. Heald, Cambridge and St.Bartholomew's; E. C. Hobbs, St. Mary's; W. C. Hodges, Cam-bridge and London; G. Holman, Birmingham; B. Hughes.Cambridge and King's College; H. E. Humphrys, Cambridgeand St. Thomas's; J. E. L. Johnston, St. Mary's; HormusjiDorabji Kanga, Bombay; Mozaffer Din Ahmed Kureishi.Punjab and King's College; F. F. Laidlaw, Manchester andSt. Bartholomew's; M. C. S. Lawrance, Manchester; H. Lee,Cambridge and Guy's; A. E. Lees. Guy's; R. C. Lacey.Guy's; J. C. Marklove, Cambridge and St. Thomas's; Shamrao'Ramaro Moolgaokar, Bombay and King's College; S. P. Mort,Manchester; H. R. Mullins, Oxford and Guy's; W. J. O'Donovan,.London; E. E. Paget-Tomlinson, Cambridge and London; W. J.Penfold, Edinburgh; A. H. Penistan, London: J. R. Perdrau.Guy's; M. W. Phipps, CorkandLondon; C. C. Pickles. Leeds; C. M.Plumptre, Guy's; N. Prescott, UniRersity College and King's Col-lege; F. C. Pybus, Durham and St. Bartholomew's; C. Raymond.Cambridge and London; W. F. Rhodes, Cambridge and St.Thomas's; J. S. Robertson, London; D. D. Rosewarne, NewZealand and St. Mary's; Ahmed Said, Cairo, St. Thomas's, andLLondon; A. F. Sanderson, St. Thomas's; H. W. Scawin, Sheffieldand St. Thomas's; A. Sinclair, Toronto and University Coliege;D. P. Smith, Birmingham; I. N. Spedding, Otago and Middlesex;H. E. S. Stiven. Cambridge and London; A. C. Sturdy, Cam-bridge and St. Bartholomew's.; F. R. Thornton, Cambridge andSt. Thomas's; W. W. Uttley, Manchester; R. G. Vaughan,Bristol; G. B. Wainwright, Cambridge apd St. Thomas I's,;H. K. Waller, Cambridge and University College; W. E. Wallis,Cambridge and Guy's,; F. J. Wheeler, Guy's; J. H. Wickert..London.; H. B. Wilson, Clambridge and St. Thomas''s; P. FvWilson, Cambridge and St. Bartholomew's.

CONJOINT BOARD IN IRELAND.THE following candidates have- been approved at the examina-tions indicated:

FINAL PROFE5IONAL.-J. J. Barry, C. H. Bryan,- F. S' (htealb J. J.Cuskelly, C. J. B. Dunlop, J. J. Dwyer. J. Ellenbogen, D. J.Harty, P. Maguire. J. O'Brien, M. C. O'Har., D .,O'Su.ll'van,.W. G. Ridgway, H. N. RitehieL

DSI'LOA IN, PUBLIC HEALTU.-Captain. W. O"S. Murphy, LIMS',M.B.R.U.I.; S. Poole, Ml.D.Univ. F1din.

EB. 20, 1o9V.J LETTERS, 1,MJI AIM, IMASWERS. 5I.W

in any trouible or distress; he will be much missed by alarge circle of f*iends, who to his widow aind children4extend their warmest sympathy.

Nnws has just been received from South Africa of the-death of Dr. JA1Ms KEY, eldest sn of Dr. Andrew Key, ofMontrose, one of the senior members of the professionin the north-east of Scotland. After receiving his early-education in Montrose, Dr. Key wento the AberdeenGrammar School, later on going to Marischal College,where he graduated M.B. and C.M. in 1890. After assist-ing his father in Montrose for two years, he went toSouth Africa, and, on .-the outbreak of the Boer war,was among the first to take up arms on behalf of theSMother Country. He served throughout the campaignas captain in the regular.army, and received the SouthAfrimn medal with three bars, as well as the King'saaedal. Dr. Key had the distinction of receiving LordfRoberts on the distinguished Field-Marshal reachingBloemfontein. At the close of the war he was gazetted acaptain in the South African Constabulary. He subse-4quently acquired a practice in Roodepoort. While studyingin Aberdeen Dr. Key made a name for himself in sportingcircles. He was a crack Rugby forward in the universityteam, and as a batsman his services were greatly valuedin the university as well as the Aberdeenshire county.dleven. He was 41 years of age, and leaves a widow and4wo sons to mourn his loss.

SURGEON-MAJOR THOMAS JOHN TUCKER, who died onJanuary 27th, at his residence at Hindon, Wiltshire, wasborn in 1828, and received his medical education at Guy'slIospitgl. 'He obtained the diploma of M.R.C.S.Eng. in1855, and in the same year entered the army as an assistantsurgeon. He served first with the 10th Regiment duringthe Indian Mutiny, and was present when three nativeregiments mutinied at Dinapur on July 25th, 1857, and atthe defeat of the rebels under Koer Singh, with the-eapture of Jugdespur in the following August. In February-and March, 1858, he took part in the advance to Lucknow,aiid was present at the actions of Chanda, Umeerpur,Sulitanpiir, and Duraha, and at the siege and capture ofLucknow. For his services he received the Mutiny medaland clasp. Subsequently he served with the 31st Regimentind retired in 1877 with the rank of surgeon-major.

.DEATHS IN THE PROFESSION ABROAD.-Among themembers of the medical profession in foreign countrieswho have recently died are Dr. Eugene Boddaert, of-Ghent, a young surgeon who had already won for himselfa considerable reputation by his work, especially in the-domain of urinary surgery; Dr. Henry Lamy, Phy-sician to the Tenon Hospital, Paris, Director of Pro-lessor Chantemesse's laboratory, where he made re-searohes on the action of the typhoid toxin on them-ervous system, and on the mechanism of the renal secre-ion, author of articles on epilepsy, Graves's disease, and-myxoedema, etc., aged 45; Dr. Van Ryn, of Brussels,General Secretary of the Belgian National League against'Tuberculosis; Freiherr Franz von Preuschen von und zuLiebenstein, Professor of Gynaecology in the University of'Greifswald, aged 64; Dr. G. Ruegenburg, of Bonn, amnember of the Reichstag since 1903, and of the Chamber-ef Deputies from 1898 to 1907, in both of which assemblies,he was a staunch defender of the interests of the medicalprofession, aged 68; Dr. F. Legge, Professor of Anatomyin'theUniversity of Cagliari; Dr. G. dell' Isola, Lecturereon Medical Pathology in the University of Pavia; Dr.P. J. Diakonoff, Professor of Surgery in the University ofMoscow; Dr. J. E. Marques, sometime Professor of ClinicalMedicine in the University of Coimbra; Dr. S. B. Ranneft,iormerly Lecturer on Orthopaedic Surgery in the Univer-sity of Groningen; Dr. M. TschisLjakoff, Lecturer on VenerealDiseases at the Russian Army Medical Academy, St.Petersburg; and Dr. R. Rybalkin, Medical Director of theDepartment of Nervous Diseases in the Marien Hospital,:St. iPetersibrg.

MESSRS. EVANS, GADD AND CO., of Bristol and Exeter,bTavaIsissued, with the title Drugs and Medieal Requites,aTprice list, which, in addition, contains prescribing notesan article on violet leaves in medicine by Mr. H. Wippellladd,-a 1Ustof synonyms, anda note on the standardizationI dtugs.

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1 " Queries, answers, and communications relating to subjectsto which special departments of the BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNALare devoted will be found under their respective headings.

QUERIES,

i We would request correspondents who desire to askquestions in this column not to make use of such signatures as"A Member," "A Member B.M.A.," "Enquirer," and so on.By,attention to this request much confusion would be avoided.Correspondents are asked to write upon one side of the paperonly.KHOJUK would be much obliged to any member who wouldsuggest an aural instrument for an old -lady, aged 70., Deaf-ness has come on gradually, and is apparently due to advanci'ngyears. What she requires is some form of apparatus whichwould enable her to hear general coversation in a smallroom.

DEXTER asks for advice with regard to a patient, aged 4,suffering from paresis of the right arm and leg, caused byfalling on her head when 3 months old. The patient can usethe arm for the coarser movements, and run about fairlywell without much fatigue but with a slight limp; there is aslight dropping of the toes, and a considerable amount ofeversion but very little shortening. He desires to know if anylight instrument can be used to correct this, or would opera-tive treatment be of more use, and, if so, at what age itshould be done? The patient has a boot with iron support tocalf and a spring to lift the toes, but this does not correcteversion.

GOAT'S MILK.DR. COLIN CAMPBELL (Southport) writes: Would any of yourreaders very kindly inform me where I can obtain a healthyyoung goat in kid, and what would be a reasonable price?I want one badly.

LETTERS, NOTES, ETC.A WARNING.

DR. OGIER WARD (73, Cheapside, London, E.C.) writes to warnmedical men with regard to a man who applied to him, givingthe name of Morris, for clerical work and bookkeeping. %rominformation in the possession of the Charity OrganizationSociety, it appears that he also goes by the names of Wallis,Watts, and perhaps Hart. His story with regard to his pastemployers appears, so far as it can be tested, to be untrue,andthe references he gives are unwarranted. He issaid to be tall,spare, active, looking about 30 years of age, wears glasses, andspeaks rather jerkily.

PROPORTIONAL REPRESENTATION.DR. G. CRICHTON (London) writes: In France a new electorallaw is called for, and an tmportant political party, in amanifesto just issued, makes a special feature of proportionalrepresentation. In the new Constitution of United SouthAfrica the Parliament whSich will be- created and willexercise;'svereign powers over 'the different states is "tobe 'eletetfd iby proportional representation, soarvoiding thiepossibility of the tyranny of zaasorities," It s plain commonsense that this method, which has been before the Assoea-