God is great. God is great. God is great. God is great.

I testify that there Is no god other than God.

I testify that there is no god other than God. I witness that Muhammad is the messenger

of God.

I witness that Muhammad is the messenger of God.

Come to prayer. Come to prayer.

Come to wellbeing. Come to wellbeing.

God is great. God is great.

There is no god other than God.

“There is no God but Allah and Muhammad is his messenger.”

“We need the courage to consult and profit from the ‘wisdom traditions of mankind.’ ” E. F. Schumacher

“…Muslims see monotheism as Islam’s contribution not simply to the Arabs but to religion in its entirety.”

– Huston Smith

Caravan driver/Merchant/Husband/father

Mystic/author of Quran

Political leader/warrior

Prophet/Not another Messiah◦ The Night of Ascent

The word means…

The five pillars of Islam◦ Creed (shared earlier)◦ Prayer (5 times each day)◦ Charity (a percent of income)◦ Fasting (during daylight hours during Ramadan)

◦ Pilgrimage (once in a lifetime to Mecca)

Jihad – inner and outer struggle (pg 494) Hajj

◦ Greater pilgrimage◦ Lesser pilgrimage

Mecca – place of pilgrimage

Kabah – ‘cube’ (pg 440)◦ Origin? Meaning? Contents?

Dietary laws

Prohibitions

Circumcision

Gender roles

Is God’s word for Muslims; “Guide us in the straight path, the path of those on whom Thou has poured forth Thy grace.”

Suras (there are 114)

‘Sharia’ shapes daily life and can be used as a constitution for ‘theocracy’

Challenged polytheistic nature of religions of that region at the time◦ Cleansed Mecca of images, etc.

Successor for Muhammad unclear◦ Led to first division (next slide)

The Battle of Tours – Spain in 732ce◦ Stopped westward expansion

Shiite◦ Succession is heredity (family)◦ Leaders guided by ‘last Imam’

Sunni◦ Tradition based on life and teachings of

Muhammad◦ Political and religious life enjoined◦ Wahhabi movement (ideal/purity)

Sufism◦ Devotional movement◦ Experience of God◦ Consider Muhammad a mystic◦ 99 names of Allah◦ “Allah is a reality that you have to look for and

discover for yourself”

Sharia◦ Theocratic – ‘the rule of God’◦ Commands of God/good for humans

Two philosophical views◦ Liberal view (values reason)◦ Conservative view (values intellectual submission)

Architecture◦ Mosque

Value of empty space Minarets

◦ ‘Space’ is important symbol of God◦ Balance in colors

Paradise◦ Oasis or enclosed garden

Secularism◦ Turkey OR Saudi Arabia

Malcolm X◦ Islam For African Americans

Role of women◦ Modesty ◦ Covering of hair

Terms to know◦ Hajj◦ Imam◦ Jihad◦ Kabah◦ Qur’an◦ Ramadan◦ Sharia