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Geographic Databases : Regional & Global Initiatives

Henry TomOracle Corporation

Meeting onCartography and Geographic Information ScienceUN Headquarters, New York, March 28-30, 2000

Presentation Outline

The Spatial PerspectiveSpatial Data InfrastructuresThe Way Forward

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Leverage Oracle8i for Spatially Enabled Internet Applications

•The Spatial Perspective

GeographicSpatialGeospatial MapsSatellite ImagerySatellite Imagery

Spatial Data

GPS

Location - geographic coordinates

Location - without geographic coordinates

Place names Place namesPlace names

United States

United Nations HQ

New York City

East Coast

Address & Phone BooksAddress & Phone BooksAddressesGeo-codes

Geo-codes United States US New York 12345 Data social economic demographic

Spatial Data

schools Location based data

Enterprise Databases

Type Occupants Address City ZIPState

Elementary 100 2 Apple Street Mayberry 12345NC

Middle 500 30 Elm Street Bethesda 22070MD

High 1000 10 Main Street Herndon 20180VA

College 10000 1 College Drive Rockville 22740MD

Spatial Data

Spatial Trends

Time

SpatialDevelopment

TraditionalGeography /Cartography

SpatiallyEnabled Society

1985 1995 2000 20051970

Geographic Information Systems ( GIS )

Computer / Automated Cartography

Location basedServices & solutions

Spatially Enabled DatabasesSpatially Enabled DatabasesGlobal Spatial Data InfrastructureGlobal Spatial Data Infrastructure

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• Spatial Data Infrastructures

Spatial Data Infrastructures ( SDI )

Characteristics

Growing user community for spatial data

Transition from maps to spatial databases

Coordinated approach for access to spatial data & technology

Spatial Data Infrastructures ( SDI )

National ( NSDI )

Regional ( RSDI )

Global ( GSDI )

Levels

Regional

National

Regional Local

Global

Spatial Data Infrastructures

Spatial Data Infrastructures ( SDI )

Components

Data PolicyInstitutional FrameworkTechnologyStandards

National Spatial Data InfrastructureNational Spatial Data Infrastructure

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Antarctica Hungary Northern Ireland

Argentina India Norway

Australia Indonesia Pakistan

Canada Japan Poland

Colombia Kiribati Russian Federation

Cyprus Macau South Africa

Finland Malaysia Sweden

France Mexico United Kingdom

Germany Netherlands USA

Greece New Zealand etc..

National Spatial Data Infrastructuresby Country

Regional Spatial Data InfrastructuresRegional Spatial Data Infrastructures

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Regional Spatial Data Infrastructures

European Geographic Information Infrastructure ( EGII )

Permanent Committee on GIS Infrastructure for Asia and the Pacific

Permanent Committee on GIS Infrastructure for the Americas

Permanent Committee on GIS Infrastructure for Africa

United Nations Regional Cartographic Conferencefor Asia and the Pacific ( Beijing, 1994 )

Permanent Committee on GIS Infrastructurefor Asia and the Pacifichttp://www.percom.apgis.gov.au

United Nations Regional Cartographic Conferencefor the Americas, June 2-6, 1997, New York, NY

Permanent Committee for Spatial DataInfrastructures for the Americas ( February, 2000 )

http://www.igac.gov/pcidea/index.htm

Regional Spatial Data Infrastructures

Global Spatial Data InfrastructureGlobal Spatial Data Infrastructure

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United Nations Regional Cartographic Conferencefor Asia and the Pacific February 3-7, 1997 Bangkok, Thailand

United Nations Regional Cartographic Conferencefor the Americas, June 2-6, 1997, New York, NY

Strategic Direction -Spatial Data Infrastructures

form the Global Spatial Data Infrastructure

Global Spatial Data Infrastructure

Global Spatial Data Infrastructure

GSDI - 1September 4-6, 1996Bonn, Germany

GSDI - 2October 19-21, 1997Chapel Hill, NC USA

GSDI - 3November 16-18, 1998Canberra, Australia

GSDI - 4 March 13-15, 2000CapeTown, South Africa

GSDI - 5 May 24-25, 2001Cartagena, Colombia

Global Data SetsGlobal Mapping Secretariat - Japan

GSDI Implementation

Global Spatial Data Infrastructure ( GSDI )

GSDI Implementation

Internet

Virtual Database

Global Spatial Data Infrastructure ( GSDI )

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•The Way Forward

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Leverage Oracle8i for Spatially Enabled Internet Applications

•Sources of Geographic Databases

http://www1.gsi-mc.go.jp/iscgm-sec

http://www.digest.org

Shuttle Radar Topography Mission ( SRTM)

http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/srtm

Miquelon & Saint Pierre Islands

MEGRIN

MEGRIN - Multipurpose European Ground RelatedInformation Network it is a European network of geographicalreferenced information for use in many diverse applications.

SABESeamless AdministrativeBoundaries of Europe

( 26 countries )

http://www.megrin.org

Digital Earth Initiative

http:// digitalearth.gov

US NDSI Clearinghouse Growth

US NSDI Clearinghouse Nodes

http:// www.fgdc.gov

The objectives of the FAO-AFRICOVER project are toestablish a digital geo-referenced database on land-cover,and a geographic referential (geodesy, toponymy, roads,hydrography) at a 1:250,000 / 1:200,000 scale, for thewhole Africa. This base will also be generalized at the1:1,000,000 scale. A further objective of AFRICOVERis to reinforce and to build up the national andsub-regional capacities for the establishment, update,and operational use of the geographic referential andthe geodatabases.

FAO-AFRICOVER Project

UN Geographic Database Sources

Global Resource Information Database( GRID )

United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names

Commission on Sustainable Development

etc …

Multi-national banks - Database Sources

World Bank

Inter-American Development Bank

International Monetary Fund

Asian Development Bank

etc …

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• Technical Considerations

WG 1United Statesof America

ISO/TC 211 Chairman and Secretariat

Chairman : Olaf Østensen, Norwegian Mapping AuthorityChairman : Olaf Østensen, Norwegian Mapping Authority

Secretary : Bjørnhild Sæterøy, Norwegian Technology Secretary : Bjørnhild Sæterøy, Norwegian Technology Standards Institution Standards Institution

NTS

ISO/TC 211Geographic information/Geomatics

ISO/TC 211 will develop a family of standards :ISO/TC 211 will develop a family of standards : ISO 19100 seriesISO 19100 series

TC 211 Schedule19101 - Reference model19101 - Reference model ..…………………………..…………………………19102 - Overview19102 - Overview ..……………………………………...…………………………………….19103 - Conceptual schema language19103 - Conceptual schema language …………….…………….19104 - Terminology19104 - Terminology …………………………………..…………………………………..19105 - Conformance and testing19105 - Conformance and testing …………………..…………………..19106 - Profiles19106 - Profiles ………………………………………..………………………………………..19107 - Spatial schema19107 - Spatial schema ……………………………….……………………………….19108 - Temporal schema19108 - Temporal schema …………………………...…………………………...19109 - Rules for application schema19109 - Rules for application schema ……………...……………...19110 - Feature cataloguing methodology 19110 - Feature cataloguing methodology ……………………19111 - Spatial referencing by coordinates19111 - Spatial referencing by coordinates ……………………19112 - Spatial referencing by geographic identifiers19112 - Spatial referencing by geographic identifiers19113 - Quality principles19113 - Quality principles……………………………..……………………………..19114 - Quality evaluation procedures19114 - Quality evaluation procedures ……………...……………...19115 - Metadata19115 - Metadata ……………………………………...……………………………………...19116 - Positioning services19116 - Positioning services ………………………….………………………….19117 - Portrayal19117 - Portrayal ……………………………………...……………………………………...19118 - Encoding19118 - Encoding ……………………………………...……………………………………...19119 - Services19119 - Services ………………………………………………………………………………19123 - Coverage geometry and functions …………...19123 - Coverage geometry and functions …………...19124 - Imagery and gridded data components (Stage 0)19124 - Imagery and gridded data components (Stage 0)19125 - Simple feature access - SQL option ………….19125 - Simple feature access - SQL option ………….

19951995 19961996 19971997 19981998 19991999 20002000

pre WD 1.CD 2.CD DIS FDIS ISpre WD 1.CD 2.CD DIS FDIS ISScale from start of ISO/TC 211, November 1994Scale from start of ISO/TC 211, November 1994 1 2

11

1

11

111

11

11

11

11

11

1

21

2

22

222

2

ISO / TC 211 WEB Address

http://www.statkart.no/isotc211/http://www.statkart.no/isotc211/

WWWWWW

• SecretariatSecretariat• OrganizationOrganization• CalendarCalendar• About...About...• ResolutionsResolutions

• Document listDocument list• Scope / work programmeScope / work programme• Mail to secretariatMail to secretariat• News and informationNews and information• Presentations (slides)Presentations (slides)

containingcontaining :

Open GIS Consortium ( OGC )

Industry

Government

OGC Staff

Academia

Vendors

StandardsGroups

http://www.opengis.orghttp://www.opengis.org

ISO/TC 211 OGCCoordination Group TOCG

WEB Mapping Testbed

Open GIS Consortium ( OGC )

Geographic Databases

Lots of existing sources

Coordination

United Nations Global Spatial DataInfrastructure

United Nations Coordination

UN Geographic Database Project :establishes a UN spatial data infrastructure

Geographic Information Working Group -

Administrative Committee on Coordination /Consultative Committee on Programmeand Operational Questions,

Institutional Considerations

Global Spatial Data Infrastructure ( GSDI )

[ http://www.gsdi.org ]

UN Regional Cartographic Conferences

Permanent Committees ( regional )

Non governmental organizations & industry

Global coordination ofgeographic databases

Henry TomOracle Corporation1910 Oracle Way MS 5049Reston, VA 20190 USA

+01 703 364 2358+01 703 318 6342 FAXhtom@us.oracle.com

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