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Q: Why would 13 British colonies CHOOSE to leave the largest, richest,

most power Empire in the world?

When it comes to the Revolution, it could be said that the American colonists were

1. Eagar revolutionaries

2. Up until the end wanting more than the “rights of Englishmen”

3. Little concerned about economics

4. Clearly opposed to tightening commercial bonds to the British

5. Reluctant revolutionaries

When it comes to the Revolution, it could be

said that the American colonists were

1. Eagar revolutionaries

2. Up until the end wanting more than the

“rights of Englishmen”

3. Little concerned about economics

4. Clearly opposed to tightening commercial bonds to the British

5. Reluctant revolutionaries

Mercantilists believed that

1. A nation needed to import more goods than it exported

2. Power came from a small colonial empire

3. The mother country produced raw materials and colonies produced the finished product

4. A country’s economic wealth could be measured by the amount of gold and silver in its treasury

5. Colonies drained a country of its resources

Mercantilists believed that

1. A nation needed to import more goods than it exported

2. Power came from a small colonial empire

3. The mother country produced raw materials

and colonies produced the finished product

4. A country’s economic wealth could be

measured by the amount of gold and silver in its treasury

5. Colonies drained a country of its resources

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Before 1763, the Navigation laws

1. Were very effective

2. Hurt Great Britain more than the American colonies

3. Were a great burden to only India

4. Discouraged smuggling by American colonial merchants

5. Were only loosely enforced in the American colonies

Before 1763, the Navigation laws

1. Were very effective

2. Hurt Great Britain more than the

American colonies

3. Were a great burden to only India

4. Discouraged smuggling by American colonial merchants

5. Were only loosely enforced in the

American colonies

Proclamation of 1763

All lands west of the Appalachians reserved for Indians

British Reason:• To stop conflict

between the Colonists and the Indians and save them $$$$

Colonial Reaction:• Frustrated and thought

this was an attempt to limit freedom

The Proclamation of 1763 was issued mainly to

1. Oppress the colonists

2. Punish the Indians

3. Show the power of Parliament

4. Allow western settlement by the colonists

5. Work out a fair settlement of the Indian problem

The Proclamation of 1763 was issued mainly to

1. Oppress the colonists

2. Punish the Indians

3. Show the power of Parliament

4. Allow western settlement by the colonists

5. Work out a fair settlement of the Indian problem

In the wake of the Proclamation of 1763

1. American colonists obeyed the law they hated

2. Relations with France improved

3. Relations between the American colonies and the British government improved

4. The American colonies believed their destiny had been destroyed

5. American colonists moved west, defying the Proclamation

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In the wake of the Proclamation of 1763

1. American colonists obeyed the law they hated

2. Relations with France improved

3. Relations between the American colonies and the British government improved

4. The American colonies believed their destiny had been destroyed

5. American colonists moved west, defying the Proclamation

Currency Act 1764Colonist forbidden to make paper

money legal tender

British Reason:• British merchants worried

about the loss of value of Virginia’s paper money. All taxes were to be paid in specie

Colonial Reaction:• Specie would leave the colonies

to pay the troops (form of taxes). Colonists would be left without money. They resorted to the barter system to bypass the law

Sugar Act 1764Decreased duty on imported molasses in an

attempt to stop bribes; put new taxes on indigo, sugar, coffee, wine and textiles.

Violators tried in admiralty courts not local courts

British Reason:• Raise revenue “for defraying the expenses

of defending, protecting, and securing” -Grenville

Colonial Reaction:• FURIOUS! How dare they?

Quartering Act 1765Colonists must supply British troops with

living quarters, bedding, food, beer, cider and rum.

British Reason:• Most soldiers quartered in public buildings,

but when away from cities would need to be in private homes.

Colonial Reaction:• Most refused to comply

Stamp Act 1765

Required stamp tax on all legal documents, newspapers, pamphlets, playing cards, dice, and all other printed material.

Violators tried by Admiralty Courts.

British Reason:• To raise revenueColonial Reaction:• Colonists burned tax

collectors in effigy and tarred and feathered them

Tar and Feathering

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The British Parliament passed the Stamp Act to

1. Raise money to support new military

forces needed for colonial defense

2. Punish the American colonists

3. Reduce the number of printed

documents in America

4. Enable tax collectors to become wealthy

5. Raise taxes to a higher level than in

Britain

The British Parliament passed the Stamp Act to

1. Raise money to support new military

forces needed for colonial defense

2. Punish the American colonists

3. Reduce the number of printed

documents in America

4. Enable tax collectors to become wealthy

5. Raise taxes to a higher level than in

Britain

The first law ever passed by Parliament for raising tax revenues in the colonies for the crown was the

1. Stamp Act

2. Declaratory Act

3. Townshend Act

4. Quartering Act

5. Sugar Act

The first law ever passed by Parliament for raising tax revenues in the colonies for the crown was the

1. Stamp Act

2. Declaratory Act

3. Townshend Act

4. Quartering Act

5. Sugar Act

Virginia Stamp Act ResolutionsVA House of Burgesses

passed a resolution stating only THEY had the right to tax Virginians.

Colonial Reason:First colonial legislature to

stand up to Britain. Introduced by Patrick Henry.

Colonial Reaction:• The colonists were happy,

for the first time I think!TAXATION WITHOUT

REPRESENTATION

Colonists objected to the Stamp Act because

1. It was a very expensive tax

2. They believed it could not be repealed

3. Parliament passed the tax, not the colonists

4. They opposed all taxes

5. They wanted their independence

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Colonists objected to the Stamp Act because

1. It was a very expensive tax

2. They believed it could not be repealed

3. Parliament passed the tax, not the colonists

4. They opposed all taxes

5. They wanted their independence

Colonial protest against the Stamp Act took the form of

1. Convening a colonial congress to

request repeal of the act

2. A colonial boycott against British goods

3. Violence in several colonial towns

4. Wearing homemade woolen clothes

5. All of the above

Colonial protest against the Stamp Act took the form of

1. Convening a colonial congress to

request repeal of the act

2. A colonial boycott against British goods

3. Violence in several colonial towns

4. Wearing homemade woolen clothes

5. All of the above

Sons of Liberty Organized 1765Patriotic organization

led by Samuel Adams. Main purpose to demonstrate against Stamp Act. They refused to do any business requiring stamps

Colonial Reaction:• Many agreed with

the Sons of Liberty, but a large number felt they were too radical

Stamp Act Congress 1765Representatives from nine

colonies meet to discuss action. GA, NC, VA, NH did not send delegates.

Colonial Reason:• To condemn the Stamp

tax and define virtual representation

Colonial Reaction:• Many colonies agreed

not to import any British goods until the Stamp Tax was repealed

Stamp Act Repealed 1766

Repealed the stamp tax

British Reason:• In response to the

colonial protest, violence, the nonimportation agreements and most of all avoidance of a civil war in the colonies

Colonial Reaction:• The colonists are happy

again. Well, at least for a moment

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1766 Declaratory ActParliament affirms that it has the right and the

power to make laws that bind the colonies in ALL cases. Smartly, they left out the word TAX

British Reason:• A face saving response to the repeal of the

Stamp Tax. (however, the British still thought they had the right to tax). HUM?

Colonial Reaction:• Colonists agreed that Parliament had the

right to pass laws, but not tax. No one seemed to understand that this was all based on misunderstanding of the difference in external and internal taxes.

Townsend Acts 1767Taxed paint, lead, glass, paper, and

tea. Customs officials could search private buildings at any time. Accused tried without Jury. Suspended the NY assembly because Quartering Act was not being followed.

British Reason:• Townsend had a hard line policy

towards the colonists and planned force them to comply

Colonial Reaction:• Colonists felt these acts violated

all the rights they had as Englishment and boycotted all taxed goods.

As a result of American opposition to the Townshend Acts,

1. British officials sent regiments of troops to Boston to restore law and order

2. The port of Boston was closed

3. Americans killed several British soldiers in the Boston Massacre

4. Parliament repealed all of the taxes levied under this legislation

5. Prime Minister Townshend was forced to resign

As a result of American opposition to the Townshend Acts,

1. British officials sent regiments of troops to Boston to restore law and order

2. The port of Boston was closed

3. Americans killed several British soldiers in the Boston Massacre

4. Parliament repealed all of the taxes levied under this legislation

5. Prime Minister Townshend was forced to resign

Stopped here

The tax on tea was retained when the

Townshend Acts were repealed because

1. People loved tea

2. The money was needed to support

troops

3. It kept alive the principle of parliamentary

taxation

4. It was the only tax passed by the

colonists

5. Colonial governors requested it

The tax on tea was retained when the

Townshend Acts were repealed because

1. People loved tea

2. The money was needed to support

troops

3. It kept alive the principle of parliamentary

taxation

4. It was the only tax passed by the

colonists

5. Colonial governors requested it

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The Boston Massacre The Boston Massacre The Boston Massacre The Boston Massacre The Boston Massacre The Boston Massacre The Boston Massacre The Boston Massacre ((((((((March March March March March March March March 55555555,,,,,,,,17701770177017701770177017701770)))))))) 1770 Boston “Massacre”March 5, 1770 a group of colonists were

taunting and throwing snowballs at British soldiers. Shots were fired and 5 were killed, 6 wounded.

Colonial Reaction:• Sam Adams and the Sons of Liberty fueled

the propaganda machine and proclaimed this a “Massacre”. The colonists were minding their own business and were fired upon. However the truth is much different

1770 Repeal of the Townshend Acts

Lord North, first lord of the Treasury urges Parliament to repeal all taxes except tax on tea

Colonial Reaction:• Colonists were still

resentful.• The tea tax was a

slap in the face

The Gaspee IncidentThe Gaspee IncidentThe Gaspee IncidentThe Gaspee IncidentThe Gaspee IncidentThe Gaspee IncidentThe Gaspee IncidentThe Gaspee Incident (1772)(1772)(1772)(1772)(1772)(1772)(1772)(1772)

Providence, RI coastProvidence, RI coast

2 years of peace down the drain!

The Gaspee Incident (1772)The Gaspee Incident (1772)• The Gaspee was a British Royal Navy ship assigned to

customs duty.• would regularly stop merchant ships to examine their

cargo looking for illegal goods• The Gaspee ran aground in Narragansett Bay, near

Providence. • a group of men boarded the Gaspee and set the ship on

fire.• No one came forward, and no one was ever charged for

the offence.

British Reaction:• The British began to directly pay the governors' salary,

rather than being paid by the colonies.

Colonial Reaction:• The colonies saw this as another step to put them under

British control, and to eliminate their freedoms.

Committees Committees Committees Committees Committees Committees Committees Committees

of Correspondenceof Correspondenceof Correspondenceof Correspondenceof Correspondenceof Correspondenceof Correspondenceof Correspondence

PurposePurpose �������� warn neighboring colonieswarn neighboring coloniesabout incidents with about incidents with BritainBritain

�������� broaden the resistancebroaden the resistancemovement. Many colonists got movement. Many colonists got involved, but just like today, many involved, but just like today, many didn’t care!didn’t care!

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Committees Committees Committees Committees Committees Committees Committees Committees

of Correspondenceof Correspondenceof Correspondenceof Correspondenceof Correspondenceof Correspondenceof Correspondenceof Correspondence

ImpactImpact �������� The Albany Plan of 1754 introduced The Albany Plan of 1754 introduced the idea, but with the the tea duty standing the idea, but with the the tea duty standing as a symbol of Parliament’s right to tax the as a symbol of Parliament’s right to tax the colonies…colonies…

�������� Unity was the only recourse Unity was the only recourse

The local committees of correspondence

organized by Samuel Adams

1. Promoted his bid to become governor of Massachusetts

2. Promoted independent action in each colony to support the British

3. Kept opposition to the British alive, through exchange of propaganda

4. Served as a precursor to the United States Postal Service

5. Led the Boston Massacre

The local committees of correspondence

organized by Samuel Adams

1. Promoted his bid to become governor of Massachusetts

2. Promoted independent action in each colony to support the British

3. Kept opposition to the British alive, through exchange of propaganda

4. Served as a precursor to the United States Postal Service

5. Led the Boston Massacre

“Virtual” representation meant that

1. Almost all British subjects were represented in Parliament

2. Every member of Parliament represented all British subjects

3. Colonists could elect their own representatives to Parliament

4. Parliament could pass virtually all types of legislation except taxes

5. Each member of Parliament represented only people in his district

“Virtual” representation meant that

1. Almost all British subjects were represented in Parliament

2. Every member of Parliament represented all British subjects

3. Colonists could elect their own representatives to Parliament

4. Parliament could pass virtually all types of legislation except taxes

5. Each member of Parliament represented only people in his district

Tea Act Tea Act Tea Act Tea Act Tea Act Tea Act Tea Act Tea Act (1773)(1773)(1773)(1773)(1773)(1773)(1773)(1773)

British East India Co.:British East India Co.:

�� Monopoly on British tea Monopoly on British tea imports.imports.

�� Many members of Many members of Parliament held shares.Parliament held shares.

�� Permitted the Co. to Permitted the Co. to sell tea directly to sell tea directly to cols. without col. cols. without col. middlemen middlemen (cheaper tea!)(cheaper tea!)

North expected the North expected the cols. to eagerly choose cols. to eagerly choose the cheaper tea.the cheaper tea.

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When Parliament passed the Tea Act, colonists

1. Rejoiced that Parliament had seemingly accepted the American definition of representation

2. Suspected that it was a trick to get them to violate their principle of “No taxation without representation”

3. Immediately called the First Continental Congress into session

4. Avoided the tax on tea by buying their tea directly from the British East India Company

5. Gave up tea and turned to coffee

When Parliament passed the Tea Act, colonists

1. Rejoiced that Parliament had seemingly accepted the American definition of representation

2. Suspected that it was a trick to get them to violate their principle of “No taxation without representation”

3. Immediately called the First Continental Congress into session

4. Avoided the tax on tea by buying their tea directly from the British East India Company

5. Gave up tea and turned to coffee

Boston Tea Party Boston Tea Party (1773)(1773)(1773)(1773)(1773)(1773)(1773)(1773) 1773 Boston Tea Party1773 Boston Tea Party1773 Boston Tea Party1773 Boston Tea Party1773 Boston Tea Party1773 Boston Tea Party1773 Boston Tea Party1773 Boston Tea Party

••Colonists dressed as Indians, boarded Colonists dressed as Indians, boarded 3 ships in Boston Harbor and dumped 3 ships in Boston Harbor and dumped the tea.the tea.

••This was the colonists reaction to the This was the colonists reaction to the order that ships could not leave until order that ships could not leave until the “cheap” tea was unloaded.the “cheap” tea was unloaded.

••Ever wonder why a country of Ever wonder why a country of “Englishmen” would become a country “Englishmen” would become a country of coffee drinkers?of coffee drinkers?

The Boston Tea Party of 1773 was

1. An isolated incident

2. Directed only at the British East India

company

3. Not the only such protest to occur

4. Supported by friends of America in Britain

5. The result of the Intolerable Acts

The Boston Tea Party of 1773 was

1. An isolated incident

2. Directed only at the British East India

company

3. Not the only such protest to occur

4. Supported by friends of America in Britain

5. The result of the Intolerable Acts

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The Coercive or IntolerableThe Coercive or IntolerableThe Coercive or IntolerableThe Coercive or IntolerableThe Coercive or IntolerableThe Coercive or IntolerableThe Coercive or IntolerableThe Coercive or Intolerable

Acts Acts Acts Acts Acts Acts Acts Acts (1774)(1774)(1774)(1774)(1774)(1774)(1774)(1774)

Lord NorthLord North

1.1. Boston harbor closed Boston harbor closed until tea paid foruntil tea paid for2.2. Massachusetts Massachusetts constitution changed constitution changed increasing governor’s power increasing governor’s power and banning town meetingsand banning town meetings

4.4. Administration ofAdministration ofJustice Act Justice Act –– British British

soldiers and government soldiers and government officials will be tried in officials will be tried in BritainBritain

3.3. New Quartering Act New Quartering Act –– all all troops will be quartered in troops will be quartered in towntown

The Suffolk Resolves 1774The Suffolk Resolves 1774The Suffolk Resolves 1774The Suffolk Resolves 1774The Suffolk Resolves 1774The Suffolk Resolves 1774The Suffolk Resolves 1774The Suffolk Resolves 1774

1.1. Denounced Intolerable Acts and ignored Denounced Intolerable Acts and ignored punitive actions on Massachusetts after the punitive actions on Massachusetts after the Boston Tea PartyBoston Tea Party

2.2. Encouraged making their own militiaEncouraged making their own militia3.3. Encouraged the boycott of British goodsEncouraged the boycott of British goods4.4. Delivered to the First Continental Congress by Delivered to the First Continental Congress by

Paul ReverePaul Revere5.5. For the first time, ‘Americans must prepare for For the first time, ‘Americans must prepare for

warwar’, first time that three’, first time that three--letter word was usedletter word was used6.6. The militancy in Massachusetts in arming citizenThe militancy in Massachusetts in arming citizen--

soldiers against the British is solidifiedsoldiers against the British is solidified7.7. Massachusetts made an attempt at a militia, Massachusetts made an attempt at a militia,

which fought at Lexington and Concordwhich fought at Lexington and Concord

Hint: took up where the Virginia Resolves left off after the Stamp Act.

The most drastic measure of the Intolerable Acts were

1. Quartering Act

2. Quebec Act

3. Sugar Act

4. Courts Act

5. Boston Port Act

The most drastic measure of the Intolerable Acts were

1. Quartering Act

2. Quebec Act

3. Sugar Act

4. Courts Act

5. Boston Port Act

The Quebec Act The Quebec Act (1774)(1774)(1774)(1774)(1774)(1774)(1774)(1774)The Quebec Act was especially unpopular in the American

colonies because it did all of the following except

1. Turn an extensive amount of territory over to Catholic control

2. Affect many colonies, not just Massachusetts

3. Deny the French the right to retain many of

their old customs

4. Alarm land speculators, who saw a huge area

snatched from their grasp

5. It denied Quebec a representative assembly

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The Quebec Act was especially unpopular in the American colonies because it did all of the following except

1. Turn an extensive amount of territory over to Catholic control

2. Affect many colonies, not just Massachusetts

3. Deny the French the right to retain many of

their old customs

4. Alarm land speculators, who saw a huge area

snatched from their grasp

5. It denied Quebec a representative assembly

First Continental Congress First Continental Congress First Continental Congress First Continental Congress First Continental Congress First Continental Congress First Continental Congress First Continental Congress ((((((((17741774177417741774177417741774))))))))

55 delegates from 12 colonies55 delegates from 12 colonies

AgendaAgenda �������� How to How to respond to the respond to the Coercive Acts & Coercive Acts & the Quebec Act?the Quebec Act?

1 vote per colony 1 vote per colony represented.represented.

The First Continental Congress was called in order to

1. Consider ways of redressing colonial

grievances

2. Become a legislative body

3. Write the Declaration of Independence

4. Decide which of Parliament’s taxes the colonies would and would not pay

5. Help implement provisions of the Quebec

Act

The First Continental Congress was called in order to

1. Consider ways of redressing colonial

grievances

2. Become a legislative body

3. Write the Declaration of Independence

4. Decide which of Parliament’s taxes the colonies would and would not pay

5. Help implement provisions of the Quebec

Act

The British Are Coming The British Are Coming . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .

Paul ReverePaul ReverePaul ReverePaul ReverePaul ReverePaul ReverePaul ReverePaul Revere & & & & & & & & William DawesWilliam DawesWilliam DawesWilliam DawesWilliam DawesWilliam DawesWilliam DawesWilliam Dawes make their midnight ride to warn make their midnight ride to warn make their midnight ride to warn make their midnight ride to warn make their midnight ride to warn make their midnight ride to warn make their midnight ride to warn make their midnight ride to warn

the the the the the the the the MinutemenMinutemenMinutemenMinutemenMinutemenMinutemenMinutemenMinutemen of approaching British soldiers.of approaching British soldiers.of approaching British soldiers.of approaching British soldiers.of approaching British soldiers.of approaching British soldiers.of approaching British soldiers.of approaching British soldiers.

The Shot Heard The Shot Heard The Shot Heard The Shot Heard The Shot Heard The Shot Heard The Shot Heard The Shot Heard ’’’’’’’’Round the WorldRound the WorldRound the WorldRound the WorldRound the WorldRound the WorldRound the WorldRound the World!!!!!!!!

LexingtonLexington & & ConcordConcord –– April 18,1775April 18,1775