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© Fraunhofer ISE 2015
Headquarter of Fraunhofer ISE, Freiburg, Germany
The Leading Role of Cities:The Frankfurt Energy Scenario
Gerhard Stryi-HippCoordinator »Smart Energy Cities«Head of Energy PolicyFraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISEMember of theSeoul International Energy Advisory Council
„The German Energiewende and its impact on cities and their hinterlands“World Future Council
Metropolitan Solutions, Berlin, 22 May 2015
© Fraunhofer ISE 2015
Headquarter of Fraunhofer ISE, Freiburg, Germany
REGIONCITY
Sourc
e:
Fraunhofe
r IS
E
Wood tradingWood
CHP
HPgas
CHP
Import/Export
Heat storage seasonal
St
SH
Electricity storage
short time
St
PV
Distributer / Grid operator ConsumerGenerator
Gas networkBio gas
Heat demand island
St
SHHPel
WS
CHP
HPgas *
*
**
Electricity
demand
Electricity grid
Hydro
Wind
PV
HPel
H2H2Elyz
CO2Meth
Feedin
g in o
f H
2
Generator
Bio gas
Wood
Hydro
Wind
PV
Solar heatGeo
thermal
Heat demand network connecte
d
SolarheatGeo
thermalHeat network
Local / Regional Energy System based on 100% Renewable Energies
Demand type iGeneration type jLocation k
Demand type iHeating type jLocation k
Demand type iHeating type jLocation k
Heat generators with * are alternativ (one generator per building), others are optional
HP el/gas = Heat pump electric / gas driven, CHP = Combined heat and power, WS = Wood stove, St = storage, SH = Solar heat, Elyz = Elektrolyzer, Meth = Methanation
Gas storageseasonal
© Fraunhofer ISE 2015
Actions by local government: Actions by research partner/consultant:
Transformation strategy for urban energy systems
1. Decision on ENERGY TARGETS
IMPLEMENTATIONfew lighthouse projects
many small projectsregular monitoring
5. Decision on a TARGET ENERGY
SYSTEM
2. DATA gatheringDemand profilesSupply potential
current and forecasts
3. Simulation of ENERGY SYSTEM
SCENARIOSPossible solutions
4. Assessment of ENERGY SYSTEM
SCENARIOS
6. Development of the ENERGY ROADMAP
Implementation plan
7. Monitoring concept development
Process and targets
8. Decision on the ENERGY MASTER
PLAN
© Fraunhofer ISE 2015
Way of proceeding to develop the roadmap towards a sustainable urban energy system
Characteristics of sustainable urban and regional energy systems:
• High efficiency
• High share of fluctuating generation
• Decentral generation
• High interdependency of electricity, heating, cooling and mobility sectors
• Use of thermal and electrical stores
Temporal highly resolved modellingis needed to find the most cost-effective target energy system
Way of proceeding:
1) Modelling target energy system 2050
2) Roadmap development by backwarding
Roadmaprobust, flexible
Energysystem2014
Modelling
Backwarding
Energy system2050
© Fraunhofer ISE 2015
Fraunhofer ISE developed the modeling tool »KomMod« to calculate optimized target energy systems for cities and regions
Temporal highly resolved simulation of electricity, heat/cold, transport
Questions answered:
Cost-effective design of the energy system to achieve high share on renewable energy sources
Possible energy system structures
Necessary capacities on generation, grid and storage
Necessary energy import/export to the city/region
Investment and operation costs
Example: Electricity supply and demand of one week in spring
New modelling tool to find the most economic sustainable energy system
© Fraunhofer ISE 2015
How the city of Frankfurt/Main could be supplied by 95% renewable energy from the region by 2050
ENERGY STRATEGY
1. Significant increase of efficiency (in generation, CHP, demand)
2. Maximal use of local renewable energy sources
3. Energy cooperation with region
4. Smart technologies: smart grid, storage, electric vehicles,...
The city of Frankfurt/Main aims to be supplied by 100% renewable energy sources (RES) from the region by 2050
Fraunhofer ISE was asked to investigate, if this is possible and if yes, how
The energy system (electricity, heating, cooling, local mobility) of Frankfurt/Main was captured, assumptions were made for energy demand and energy scenarios simulated for the target year 2050
Results
100% RES supply is possible, if the RES potential of the region is used
95% regional RES is much more economic, due to a lower storage capacity needed
© Fraunhofer ISE 2015
Federal state »Hessen«
Structure of the energy system Frankfurt/M 2050Based on 95% renewable energy sources regionally generated
Surrounding region »FrankfurtRheinMain«
City of Frankfurt am Main
Generation on city area ConsumerBuilding levelDistrict
Local mobility
Residential
Services
Industry
17%
32%
42%
9%
61%
21%
18%
22%12% HeatSolarthermal
5276 GWh100%
Accumulators2.3 GWh
Electricity
Export Import
22%
0,4%
-18% 10%Wind
PVHydro
Accumulators2.0 GWh
20% 84% 4964 GWh100%
Efficiency:Reduction of the energy demand
from 2012 to 2050
- 64%
- 53%
- 11%
- 78%
- 10%
- 79%
- 72%
From fossil fuels + electr.to electric vehicles only
Result of a temporal highly resolved simulation (hourly basis). RES Potentials: All RE and waste potential of the city, 50% of the potential of the region and 11.6% of the potential of the federal state of Hessen from Wind und Biomass (= share of Frankfurt citizens of Hessen)
All data final energy
Heat pump
CHP
CHP
Boiler
24%
Districtheating 42% and
industry
CHP
CHP
5% -5%
23%
17%
6%
Waste
Solid Biomass
Biogas
36%
Total generation 9759 GWh
© Fraunhofer ISE 2015
Conclusions
Sustainable energy systems are key pillars of Smart Cities
The transformation of urban energy systems should be planned and implemented in a systematic way
New modelling tools help to find the most cost effective target energy system to achieve the energy targets of the city
It is shown, how a sustainable energy system for Frankfurt/Main could be designed to achieve 95% renewable energy sources from the region
© Fraunhofer ISE 2015
Thank you very much for your attention!
Fraunhofer-Institut für Solare Energiesysteme ISE
Gerhard Stryi-Hipp
www.ise.fraunhofer.de
