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Osteichthyes- Bony fishes
Fish- multiple fish that belong to the same species
Fishes- multiple fish that belong to different species
“Fish” versus “Fishes”
All have…◦ At least one bone in their
skeleton◦ Scales◦ Gill cover (operculum)◦ Lung or swim bladder
>24,000 species Major life form in most
aquatic environments Showed up in the fossil
record around 405 mya
Bony Fishes
Two groups: ◦ Lungfish & lobe-
finned fish Characteristics:
◦ Muscular lobes associated with their fins
◦ Have lungs for gas exchange
Infraphylum: VertebrataClass: Sarcopterygii
Lungfish Adaptation:◦ Breathe air when lakes
and rivers dry up◦ Burrow into the mud
once the water is gone (called aestivation)
◦ Keep a narrow air pathway by bubbling air to the surface
◦ May remain in this state for 6 months or more
Infraphylum: VertebrataClass: Sarcopterygii
Lobe-finned fish (coelacanth)◦ Thought to be
extinct until 1938 One was caught off the
coast of South Africa Fossils date back to
over 400 mya
◦ Considered to be a “living fossil”
◦ Large fish (~80kg)◦ The scales of
coelacanths are heavy
Infraphylum: VertebrataClass: Sarcopterygii
Ray-finned fishes Possess swim
bladders◦ Sac filled with gas ◦ Regulates buoyancy
Infraphylum: VertebrataClass: Actinopterygii
Sturgeons◦ Live in the sea &
migrate to rivers to breed
◦ Their dorsal surface is covered in heavy scales called “scutes”
◦ Many species are endangered due to overfishing for eggs (caviar) Beluga caviar is
extracted from sturgeons
Infraphylum: VertebrataClass: Actinopterygii
Paddlefish◦ Large, paddlelike
rostrum that detects weak electrical fields
◦ They swim with their mouths open This helps them filter
crustaceans and small fishes
Infraphylum: VertebrataClass: Actinopterygii
Teleosts◦ Modern bony fish◦ Highly efficient
respiratory system◦ Lateral-line system
Detects low-pressure waves and electroreception
◦ Efficient reproductive mechanisms (they make a lot of offspring)
Infraphylum: VertebrataClass: Actinopterygii
Locomotion (with fins)- streamlined shape allows for easier & faster movement
Diet- mostly predators Circulation- two
chambered heart to separate oxygenated & deoxygenated blood
Gas exchange- filter water with gills
Fish Adaptations
Candiru- ◦ Lives in the Amazon
rivers◦ Known for swimming
up urethras Angler fish
◦ Lives in the deep ocean
◦ Uses bioluminescence on a lure to attract prey Light is a result of a
symbiotic relationship with bacteria
Infamous Fish