Falls under the umbrella of the American Romantic movement (1800-1860). The majority of the Transcendentalists works were written in the 1830s and 1840s.

It began as a protest against the general state of the society and of the religious doctrines being taught at Harvard College. The focus is that the ideas of an individual are more important than following a religious doctrine.

Emphasizes an appreciation and a deep connection to nature.

Transcendentalism took off as a literary and cultural movement after Ralph Waldo Emerson published the essay “Nature” in 1836, which stressed the importance of the divine soul.

Those who supported this view formed a group called the Transcendental Club. Members were all living in the New England area and included Margaret Fuller, Emerson, Henry David Thoreau and Frederick Hedge. All were published authors during their time. Some are even considered to be “rebels” of the time period.

Ralph Waldo Emerson

Henry David Thoreau

For the first time, writers encouraged people to begin a human revolution and to examine the world in a different way. Emerson ended his essay “The American Scholar” with this quotation:

“So shall we come to look at the world with new eyes. It shall answer the endless inquiry of the intellect, — What is truth? and of the affections, — What is good? by yielding itself passive to the educated Will. ... Build, therefore, your own world. As fast as you conform your life to the pure idea in your mind, that will unfold its great proportions. A correspondent revolution in things will attend the influx of the spirit.”

For many, the urge to look at the world in a fresh way and to build their own world based on their ideas of perfection was appealing. The country was also at a crossroads and willing to embrace some changes.

Many saw organized religion as an obstacle that blocked one’s way to God. They felt that by closely examining one’s soul, connecting to nature and observing human nature, that a Divine connection could be established.

**Do we still hold these views today? Transcendentalists believed that one could be closer to God by relying on their own intuition and that with practice, one could achieve personal harmony and therefore reach God.

Transcendentalists were optimistic. They believed that all one needed to discover any answer was to learn to read and to be open to nature.

One also had to be aware of the past, but willing to look beyond it. One needed to be unwilling to conform to the wishes of society and instead be true to one’s true identity. An emphasis on taking care of one’s own necessities was also evident.

Create a definition for each of the terms below. Consult a dictionary if needed to help define your terms. Then give an example of what you believe this concept would look like in our modern society.

1. Self-Reliance2. Non-Conformity3. Free Thought4. Confidence5. Importance of Nature

Utopia=a perfect societyMembers of the Transcendentalist movement were aware

that several issues that affected society needed some action. They pushed for an end to slavery and for women to have more rights.

Some believed that a utopia would be formed if all Transcendentalists lived together in a community. Some of the most famous Transcendentalists rejected this idea because it went against the idea of self-reliance.

1)What FIVE changes would you make in order to make our school a utopian high school? Give a reason for why each changes would lead to a utopia. Remember that in a utopia school, students would still have to attend and learn something.

2)What FIVE changes would you make in American society in order to create a perfect country? Give a reason for each change.

3)What would you have to be willing to give up in order to create these perfect systems? Give a reason for your answer.

What do utopias look like to you? With a partner, answer the questions below. Your responses should be in complete sentences, and your answers must demonstrate considerable thought in order to receive credit.

Be prepared to SHARE and DEFEND your decisions.

Although this movement began in the 1800s, elements of Transcendentalism live on. Today we will listen to some songs that were best-sellers of their time. As we listen, try to identify the elements of Transcendentalism that appear in the lyrics. Complete the chart in your guided note packet.

1. Big Yellow Taxi by Counting Crows

2. Blowin’ in the Wind by Bob Dylan

3. Wide Open Spaces by the Dixie Chicks