1Ýêîíîìèêà

XIV 䇐䌀䐰䑰䏐䏠-䏰䐀䌀䎠䐠䎀䑰䍐䐐䎠䌀䓰 䎠䏠䏐䑀䍐䐀䍐䏐䑠䎀䓰 䐰䑰䌀䒐䎀䑐䐐䓰 䆠䎀䐀䏠䌠䐐䎠䏠䌰䏠 䐀䌀䎐䏠䏐䌀

䈠䍐䍰䎀䐐䒰 䐰䑰䌀䐐䐠䏐䎀䎠䏠䌠XIV 䏐䌀䐰䑰䏐䏠-䏰䐀䌀䎠䐠䎀䑰䍐䐐䎠䏠䎐

䎠䏠䏐䑀䍐䐀䍐䏐䑠䎀䎀䐰䑰䌀䒐䎀䑐䐐䓰 䆠䎀䐀䏠䌠䐐䎠䏠䌰䏠 䐀䌀䎐䏠䏐䌀

䌠䒰䏰䐰䐐䎠 I

䈐䍐䎠䑠䎀䎀: 䌀䏐䌰䎰䎀䎐䐐䎠䎀䎐 䓰䍰䒰䎠,䏐䍐䏀䍐䑠䎠䎀䎐 䓰䍰䒰䎠, 䑀䐀䌀䏐䑠䐰䍰䐐䎠䎀䎐 䓰䍰䒰䎠

2

XIV 䇐䌀䐰䑰䏐䏠-䏰䐀䌀䎠䐠䎀䑰䍐䐐䎠䌀䓰 䎠䏠䏐䑀䍐䐀䍐䏐䑠䎀䓰 䐰䑰䌀䒐䎀䑐䐐䓰 䆠䎀䐀䏠䌠䐐䎠䏠䌰䏠 䐀䌀䎐䏠䏐䌀

Ýêîíîìèêà

3Ýêîíîìèêà

XIV 䇐䌀䐰䑰䏐䏠-䏰䐀䌀䎠䐠䎀䑰䍐䐐䎠䌀䓰 䎠䏠䏐䑀䍐䐀䍐䏐䑠䎀䓰 䐰䑰䌀䒐䎀䑐䐐䓰 䆠䎀䐀䏠䌠䐐䎠䏠䌰䏠 䐀䌀䎐䏠䏐䌀

䆠 䐰䑰䌀䐐䐠䎀䓠 䏐䌀 XIV 䇐䇰䆠 䐰䑰䌀䒐䎀䑐䐐䓰 䆠䎀䐀䏠䌠䐐䎠䏠䌰䏠 䐀䌀䎐䏠䏐䌀 䌐䒰䎰䏠 䍀䏠䏰䐰䒐䍐䏐䏠334 䐀䌀䌐䏠䐠䒰. 䄠 䇐䇰䆠 䏰䐀䎀䏀䍐䐠 䐰䑰䌀䐐䐠䎀䍐 408 䐰䑰䌀䒐䎀䑐䐐䓰 䎀䍰 39 䏠䌐䒐䍐䏠䌐䐀䌀䍰䏠䌠䌀䐠䍐䎰䓀䏐䒰䑐䐰䑰䐀䍐䍠䍀䍐䏐䎀䎐.

XIV 䇐䇰䆠 䐰䑰䌀䒐䎀䑐䐐䓰 䏰䐀䏠䌠䏠䍀䎀䐠䐐䓰 16 䏀䌀䐀䐠䌀 2013 䌰䏠䍀䌀.

䈀䍐䌰䎰䌀䏀䍐䏐䐠 䎠䏠䏐䑀䍐䐀䍐䏐䑠䎀䎀:9.30-10.00 – 䈀䍐䌰䎀䐐䐠䐀䌀䑠䎀䓰10.00-10.20 – 䇠䐠䎠䐀䒰䐠䎀䍐 䎠䏠䏐䑀䍐䐀䍐䏐䑠䎀䎀10.30 – 䈀䌀䌐䏠䐠䌀 䐐䍐䎠䑠䎀䎐䇠䐀䎀䍐䏐䐠䎀䐀䏠䌠䏠䑰䏐䏠䍐 䌠䐀䍐䏀䓰 䏠䎠䏠䏐䑰䌀䏐䎀䓰 䎠䏠䏐䑀䍐䐀䍐䏐䑠䎀䎀 – 14.00

䇠䐀䌰䎠䏠䏀䎀䐠䍐䐠 䌠 䐐䏠䐐䐠䌀䌠䍐:䆠䏠䎰䍐䍀䌀 䈐.䋐. - 䌰䎰䌀䌠䏐䒰䎐 䐐䏰䍐䑠䎀䌀䎰䎀䐐䐠 䏠䐠䍀䍐䎰䌀 䏠䌐䐀䌀䍰䏠䌠䌀䏐䎀䓰䉀䍐䍀䏠䐠䏠䌠䌀 䅐.䋠. - 䍀䎀䐀䍐䎠䐠䏠䐀 䆀䇀䉠䉐䌀䍰䏠䌠䌀 䈐.䆀. - 䍀䎀䐀䍐䎠䐠䏠䐀 䉠䆀䆠䆠䏠䏀䎰䍐䌠䌀 䆀.䈐. - 䍰䌀䏀䍐䐐䐠䎀䐠䍐䎰䓀 䍀䎀䐀䍐䎠䐠䏠䐀䌀 䆀䇀䉠䆰䌀䏐䑠䏠䌠 䄀.䄀. - 䍰䌀䏀䍐䐐䐠䎀䐠䍐䎰䓀 䍀䎀䐀䍐䎠䐠䏠䐀䌀 䉠䆀䆠䈐䍐䏀䍐䏐䏠䌠䌀 䄰.䆀. - 䍀䎀䐀䍐䎠䐠䏠䐀 䄰䄐䇠䈰 䈐䇠䊀 № 386䆠䐀䐰䏰䍐䏐䎠䏠 䄰. 䈠.- 䍰䌀䏀䍐䐐䐠䎀䐠䍐䎰䓀 䍀䎀䐀䍐䎠䐠䏠䐀䌀 䄰䄐䇠䈰 䈐䇠䊀 № 386䈠䌀䐀䌀䐐䏠䌠䌀 䇠. 䇐. - 䍰䌀䏀䍐䐐䐠䎀䐠䍐䎰䓀 䍀䎀䐀䍐䎠䐠䏠䐀䌀 䏰䏠 䆀䆠䈠 䄰䄐䇠䈰 䈐䇠䊀 № 386䇀䎀䑐䌀䏐䏠䒀䌀 䋠.䆀. - 䍀䎀䐀䍐䎠䐠䏠䐀 䄰䄐䇠䈰 䈐䇠䊀 № 501䇀䏠䎰䏠䍀䑠䏠䌠䌀 䇀.䄠. - 䍰䌀䏀䍐䐐䐠䎀䐠䍐䎰䓀 䍀䎀䐀䍐䎠䐠䏠䐀䌀 䄰䄐䇠䈰 䈐䇠䊀 № 501䇐䎀䎰䏠䌠䌀 䋠.䇐. - 䍰䌀䏀䍐䐐䐠䎀䐠䍐䎰䓀 䍀䎀䐀䍐䎠䐠䏠䐀䌀 䏰䏠 䆀䆠䈠 䄰䄐䇠䈰 䈐䇠䊀 № 501

䇰䐀䏠䌰䐀䌀䏀䏀䏐䒰䎐 䎠䏠䏀䎀䐠䍐䐠 䎠䏠䏐䑀䍐䐀䍐䏐䑠䎀䎀:䄰䐰䏀䌀䏐䎀䐠䌀䐀䏐䒰䍐 䐐䍐䎠䑠䎀䎀 䏰䐀䏠䑐䏠䍀䓰䐠 䌠 䄰䄐䇠䈰 䈐䇠䊀 №501

䆀䐐䐠䏠䐀䎀䓰 䆠䐰䍀䐀䓰䌠䑠䍐䌠䌀-䆠䌀䐀䌀䐰䐐䎠䌀䎐䐠䍐 䈐.䄀., 䏀䍐䐠䏠䍀䎀䐐䐠 䆀䇀䉠,䄰䄐䇠䈰 䄰䎀䏀䏐䌀䍰䎀䓰 № 248

䇠䌐䒐䍐䐐䐠䌠䏠䍰䏐䌀䏐䎀䍐 䄰䐰䎰䎀䏐䌀 䈐.䇐., 䐰䑰䎀䐠䍐䎰䓀 䄰䄐䇠䈰 䈐䇠䊀 №392䉀䎀䎰䏠䎰䏠䌰䎀䓰 䆰䓰䏀䎀䏐䌀 䄠.䄀., 䏀䍐䐠䏠䍀䎀䐐䐠 䆀䇀䉠䄀䏐䌰䎰䎀䎐䐐䎠䎀䎐 䓰䍰䒰䎠 䈀䓰䌐䏠䒀䌀䏰䎠䌀 䅐.䇰., 䏀䍐䐠䏠䍀䎀䐐䐠 䆀䇀䉠,

䐰䑰䎀䐠䍐䎰䓀 䄰䄐䇠䈰 䆰䎀䑠䍐䎐 № 387䉀䐀䌀䏐䑠䐰䍰䐐䎠䎀䎐 䓰䍰䒰䎠 䄐䐰䐀䎠䎀䏐䌀 䉠.䆰., 䐰䑰䎀䐠䍐䎰䓀 䄰䄐䇠䈰 䈐䇠䊀 №392䇐䍐䏀䍐䑠䎠䎀䎐 䓰䍰䒰䎠 䅠䏠䐀䏠䌠䌀 䆀.䆰., 䐰䑰䎀䐠䍐䎰䓀 䄰䄐䇠䈰 䈐䇠䊀 № 481䆠䐰䎰䓀䐠䐰䐀䏠䎰䏠䌰䎀䓰 䋰䎠䏠䌠䎰䍐䌠䌀 䅐.䄠., 䏀䍐䐠䏠䍀䎀䐐䐠 䆀䇀䉠,

䐰䑰䎀䐠䍐䎰䓀 䄰䄐䇠䈰 䈐䇠䊀 №381䆠䐀䌀䍐䌠䍐䍀䍐䏐䎀䍐 䄀䎰䍐䎠䐐䌀䏐䍀䐀䏠䌠䌀 䄀.䆀., 䏀䍐䐠䏠䍀䎀䐐䐠 䆀䇀䉠,

䐰䑰䎀䐠䍐䎰䓀 䄰䄐䇠䈰 䆰䎀䑠䍐䎐 № 384䇰䐐䎀䑐䏠䎰䏠䌰䎀䓰 䆰䌀䌐䐰䐠䎀䏐䌀 䆀.䈐., 䍰䌀䏀. 䍀䎀䐀䍐䎠䐠䏠䐀䌀 䉠䇰䇀䈐䈐

4

XIV 䇐䌀䐰䑰䏐䏠-䏰䐀䌀䎠䐠䎀䑰䍐䐐䎠䌀䓰 䎠䏠䏐䑀䍐䐀䍐䏐䑠䎀䓰 䐰䑰䌀䒐䎀䑐䐐䓰 䆠䎀䐀䏠䌠䐐䎠䏠䌰䏠 䐀䌀䎐䏠䏐䌀

Àíãëèéñêèé ÿçûê

䅐䐐䐠䍐䐐䐠䌠䍐䏐䏐䏠-䏐䌀䐰䑰䏐䒰䍐 䐐䍐䎠䑠䎀䎀 䏰䐀䏠䑐䏠䍀䓰䐠 䌠 䄰䄐䇠䈰 䈐䇠䊀 №282䇀䌀䐠䍐䏀䌀䐠䎀䎠䌀 䉀䍐䍀䏠䐀䑰䐰䎠 䇠.䉀., 䏀䍐䐠䏠䍀䎀䐐䐠 䆀䇀䉠,

䐰䑰䎀䐠䍐䎰䓀 䄰䄐䇠䈰 䄰䎀䏀䏐䌀䍰䎀䓰 № 261䄐䎀䏠䎰䏠䌰䎀䓰 䄐䌀䎰䌀䏐䍀䎀䏐䌀 䇐.䆰., 䏀䍐䐠䏠䍀䎀䐐䐠 䆀䇀䉠,䋐䎠䏠䎰䏠䌰䎀䓰 䈀䏠䍀䎀䏠䏐䏠䌠䌀 䇐.䆀.,

䍰䌀䌠. 䇠䅀䇠䅀 䄰䄐䇠䈰 䆰䎀䑠䍐䎐 №389 "䉠䋐䇠"䉀䎀䍰䎀䎠䌀 䅀䏀䎀䐠䐀䎀䍐䌠䌀 䄠.䄠., 䏀䍐䐠䏠䍀䎀䐐䐠 䆀䇀䉠,

䐰䑰䎀䐠䍐䎰䓀 䄰䄐䇠䈰 䆰䎀䑠䍐䎐 № 384䉐䎀䏀䎀䓰 䄠䏠䎰䎠䏠䌠䌀 䋠.䇀., 䏀䍐䐠䏠䍀䎀䐐䐠 䆀䇀䉠,

䐰䑰䎀䐠䍐䎰䓀 䄰䄐䇠䈰 䆰䎀䑠䍐䎐 № 384䆀䏐䑀䏠䐀䏀䌀䐠䎀䎠䌀 䈠䌀䏀䏀䍐䏀䓰䌰䎀 䈠.䇐., 䏀䍐䐠䏠䍀䎀䐐䐠 䉠䆀䆠,

䐰䑰䎀䐠䍐䎰䓀 䄰䄐䇠䈰 䈐䇠䊀 № 254䄰䍐䏠䌰䐀䌀䑀䎀䓰 䄠䌀䎰䏠䌠䌀 䆰.䄠., 䍰䌀䏀. 䍀䎀䐀䍐䎠䐠䏠䐀䌀 䄰䄐䇠䈰 䈐䇠䊀 № 504䋐䎠䏠䏐䏠䏀䎀䎠䌀 䈀䏠䏀䌀䏐䍐䏐䎠䏠 䈠. 䄠., 䐰䑰䎀䐠䍐䎰䓀 䄰䄐䇠䈰 䈐䇠䊀 № 501

5Àíãëèéñêèé ÿçûê

XIV 䇐䌀䐰䑰䏐䏠-䏰䐀䌀䎠䐠䎀䑰䍐䐐䎠䌀䓰 䎠䏠䏐䑀䍐䐀䍐䏐䑠䎀䓰 䐰䑰䌀䒐䎀䑐䐐䓰 䆠䎀䐀䏠䌠䐐䎠䏠䌰䏠 䐀䌀䎐䏠䏐䌀

Ñåêöèÿ: àíãëèéñêèé ÿçûê

䈠䍐䏀䌀 䐀䌀䌐䏠䐠䒰: Superstitions. Where do they come from?

䈰䑰䌀䐐䐠䏐䎀䎠: 䈀䐰䐐䐐䎠䎀䑐 䇀䌀䐀䎀䏐䌀; 9 䌐 䎠䎰䌀䐐䐐; 䄰䄐䇠䈰 䆰䎀䑠䍐䎐 № 244䈀䐰䎠䏠䌠䏠䍀䎀䐠䍐䎰䓀: 䄐䌀䒀䎀䎰䏠䌠䌀 䅐䎰䍐䏐䌀 䇐䎀䎠䏠䎰䌀䍐䌠䏐䌀

䋐䐠䌀 䐠䍐䏀䌀 䌀䎠䐠䐰䌀䎰䓀䏐䌀, 䎀䏀䍐䍐䐠 䐐䏠䑠䎀䌀䎰䓀䏐䐰䓠 䍰䏐䌀䑰䎀䏀䏠䐐䐠䓀 䎀 䏰䏠䍰䏐䌀䌠䌀䐠䍐䎰䓀䏐䐰䓠 䑠䍐䏐䏐䏠䐐䐠䓀,䐠䌀䎠 䎠䌀䎠 䐐䐰䍐䌠䍐䐀䎀䓰 - 䓐䐠䏠 䑰䌀䐐䐠䓀 䐀䍐䎰䎀䌰䎀䎀 䎀 䎠䐰䎰䓀䐠䐰䐀䒰, 䎀 䎀䑐 䎀䍰䐰䑰䍐䏐䎀䍐 䓰䌠䎰䓰䍐䐠䐐䓰 䏠䍀䏐䎀䏀 䎀䍰䐐䏰䏠䐐䏠䌐䏠䌠 䐰䍰䏐䌀䐠䓀 䏐䏠䌠䒰䍐 䎀䏐䐠䍐䐀䍐䐐䏐䒰䍐 䑀䌀䎠䐠䒰 䏠 䍠䎀䍰䏐䎀 䏐䌀䒀䎀䑐 䏰䐀䍐䍀䎠䏠䌠 䎀 䎀䑐 䌠䍰䌰䎰䓰䍀䌀䑐 䏐䌀 䍠䎀䍰䏐䓀.

䇠䌐䒠䍐䎠䐠 䎀䐐䐐䎰䍐䍀䏠䌠䌀䏐䎀䓰 – 䈐䐰䍐䌠䍐䐀䎀䓰䇰䐀䍐䍀䏀䍐䐠 䎀䐐䐐䎰䍐䍀䏠䌠䌀䏐䎀䓰 – 䈐䐰䍐䌠䍐䐀䎀䓰 䌠 䅐䌠䐀䏠䏰䍐, 䄠䍐䎰䎀䎠䏠䌐䐀䎀䐠䌀䏐䎀䎀 䎀 䈀䏠䐐䐐䎀䎀䉠䍐䎰䓀 䎀 䍰䌀䍀䌀䑰䎀 䎀䐐䐐䎰䍐䍀䏠䌠䌀䏐䎀䓰: 䉠䍐䎰䓀䓠 䐀䌀䌐䏠䐠䒰 䓰䌠䎰䓰䍐䐠䐐䓰 䍀䍐䐠䌀䎰䓀䏐䏠䍐 䎀䍰䐰䑰䍐䏐䎀䍐 䏰䐀䎀䏀䍐䐠

䎀 䐐䐰䍐䌠䍐䐀䎀䎐 䌠 䐀䌀䍰䏐䒰䑐 䐐䐠䐀䌀䏐䌀䑐, 䎠䎰䌀䐐䐐䎀䑀䎀䎠䌀䑠䎀䓰 䏐䌀䎀䌐䏠䎰䍐䍐 䐀䌀䐐䏰䐀䏠䐐䐠䐀䌀䏐䍐䏐䏐䒰䑐 䐐䐰䍐䌠䍐䐀䎀䎐䌠 䐠䍐䏀䌀䐠䎀䑰䍐䐐䎠䎀䍐 䌰䐀䐰䏰䏰䒰, 䎀䐐䐐䎰䍐䍀䏠䌠䌀䏐䎀䍐 䏰䐀䏠䎀䐐䑐䏠䍠䍀䍐䏐䎀䎐 䏰䐀䎀䏀䍐䐠.

䆀䐐䏰䏠䎰䓀䍰䐰䍐䏀䒰䍐 䏀䍐䐠䏠䍀䒰: 䅀䎰䓰 䏐䌀䏰䎀䐐䌀䏐䎀䓰 䍀䌀䏐䏐䏠䎐 䐀䌀䌐䏠䐠䒰 䓰 䎀䐐䏰䏠䎰䓀䍰䏠䌠䌀䎰䌀 䎀䏐䑀䏠䐀䏀䌀䑠䎀䓠䎀䍰 䎠䏐䎀䌰 䎀 䆀䏐䐠䍐䐀䏐䍐䐠䌀, 䐠䌀䎠䍠䍐 䓰 䎀䐐䑐䏠䍀䎀䎰䌀 䎀䍰 䎰䎀䑰䏐䏠䌰䏠 䏠䏰䒰䐠䌀 䎀 䍰䏐䌀䏐䎀䎐 䏰䏠 䍀䌀䏐䏐䏠䎐 䐠䍐䏀䍐.

䇠䐐䏐䏠䌠䏐䒰䍐 䐀䍐䍰䐰䎰䓀䐠䌀䐠䒰 䎀 䌠䒰䌠䏠䍀䒰: 䄠 䏰䐀䏠䑠䍐䐐䐐䍐 䏐䌀䏰䎀䐐䌀䏐䎀䓰 䐀䌀䌐䏠䐠䒰 䓰 䐰䍰䏐䌀䎰䌀 䏀䏐䏠䌰䏠䎀䏐䐠䍐䐀䍐䐐䏐䏠䌰䏠 䏠 䐐䐰䍐䌠䍐䐀䎀䓰䑐 䌠 䐀䌀䍰䏐䒰䑐 䐐䐠䐀䌀䏐䌀䑐 䏀䎀䐀䌀, 䏰䏠䍰䏐䌀䎠䏠䏀䎀䎰䌀䐐䓀 䐐 䎀䏐䐠䍐䐀䍐䐐䏐䒰䏀䎀䑀䌀䎠䐠䌀䏀䎀 䎀䍰 䎀䐐䐠䏠䐀䎀䎀 䎀 䏰䐐䎀䑐䏠䎰䏠䌰䎀䎀 䍀䐀䐰䌰䎀䑐 䏐䌀䐀䏠䍀䏠䌠.

䆀䏐䑀䏠䐀䏀䌀䑠䎀䏠䏐䏐䒰䍐 䎀䐐䐠䏠䑰䏐䎀䎠䎀:Bizarre Superstitions by Christopher Cooper, Sterling Publishing Company, Inc.,

03.11.2009Popular Superstitions by Charles Platt, Kessinger Publishing, 01.01.2003

䈠䍐䏀䌀 䐀䌀䌐䏠䐠䒰: The life and the mystery of death of the KurtCobain ( 䅠䎀䍰䏐䓀 䎀 䍰䌀䌰䌀䍀䎠䌀 䐐䏀䍐䐀䐠䎀 䆠䐰䐀䐠䌀 䆠䏠䌐䍐䎐䏐䌀)

䈰䑰䌀䐐䐠䏐䎀䎠: 䄰䐀䎀䌰䏠䐀䓀䍐䌠 䅀䌀䏐䎀䎀䎰, 9䌀 䎠䎰䌀䐐䐐 䄰䄐䇠䈰 䄰䎀䏀䏐䌀䍰䎀䎀 №248䈀䐰䎠䏠䌠䏠䍀䎀䐠䍐䎰䓀: 䄐䍐䎰䏠䌠䌀 䅐䎠䌀䐠䍐䐀䎀䏐䌀 䈐䍐䐀䌰䍐䍐䌠䏐䌀

This research is about the great musician Kurt Cobain, a lead singer of a popularmodern rock band Nirvana (founded in 1987). Everyone who is keen on rock music hasheard his name and his music. Kurt Cobain created a music style called “The Sound ofSeattle”. This music has a lot of fans not only in the 20th century but nowadays, too.

Kurt Cobain died in 1994 at the age of 27 years old and his death is considered to berather mysterious. There are different versions concerning it. In my research I want todescribe the life and find a true cause of the death of Kurt Cobain.

I have been interested in Nirvana music and in everything that is associated with it fora long time. I consider that it is the best band of the twentieth century and it had a greatinfluence on the future development of the world’s music.

I have also been interested in Kurt Cobain himself and I wanted to find out the reasonof his early death. I believe that Kurt’s death was not a suicide so I am going to prove itand analyse different opinions and theories.

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XIV 䇐䌀䐰䑰䏐䏠-䏰䐀䌀䎠䐠䎀䑰䍐䐐䎠䌀䓰 䎠䏠䏐䑀䍐䐀䍐䏐䑠䎀䓰 䐰䑰䌀䒐䎀䑐䐐䓰 䆠䎀䐀䏠䌠䐐䎠䏠䌰䏠 䐀䌀䎐䏠䏐䌀

Àíãëèéñêèé ÿçûê

In my paper I used the websites devoted to Nirvana to find all the necessaryinformation and some literature which helped me to imagine fully the problem.

The first chapter of my work covers the Cobain’s early years.The second chapter discusses Kurt’s musical tastes and professional development.In the third chapter I decided to describe a Nirvana group itself and its discography.And the fourth chapter shows the theories of the death of Kurt Cobain.In the end I came to the conclusion that Kurt was murdered. But who killed him is

really unknown and I think it will be a mystery for all the time. But his music is still aliveand attractive for many people.

䆀䏐䑀䏠䐀䏀䌀䑠䎀䏠䏐䏐䒰䍐 䎀䐐䐠䏠䑰䏐䎀䎠䎀:1. Morrel, Brad. Nirvana and the Sound of Seattle.- London: Omnibus Press, 19962. True, Everett. Nirvana: The True Story.- London: Omnibus Press, 20063. Azerrad, Michael. Come As You Are: The Story of Nirvana.- London: Crown

Publishing Group, 1993

䈠䍐䏀䌀 䐀䌀䌐䏠䐠䒰: Limerick: the world of Nonsense (䆰䎀䏀䍐䐀䎀䎠:䏀䎀䐀 䌀䌐䐐䐰䐀䍀䌀)

䈰䑰䌀䐐䐠䏐䎀䎠: 䅀䎀䍀䎠䏠䌠䐐䎠䌀䓰 䄀䏐䌀䐐䐠䌀䐐䎀䓰, 9 䎠䎰䌀䐐䐐 䄰䄐䇠䈰 䄰䎀䏀䏐䌀䍰䎀䓰 № 248䈀䐰䎠䏠䌠䏠䍀䎀䐠䍐䎰䓀: 䄐䍐䎰䏠䌠䌀 䅐䎠䌀䐠䍐䐀䎀䏐䌀 䈐䍐䐀䌰䍐䍐䌠䏐䌀

Almost every country has its own poetry, which shows how unique that country is.One of the famous types of English literature is Limerick. It is one of the many poeticstyles, the easiest to learn and play with . Limericks are short poems of five lines havingrhyme structure AABBA. It is officially described as a form of ‘anapestic trimeter’.

Variants of the form of poetry referred to as Limerick poems can be traced back to thefourteenth century. Limericks were used in Nursery Rhymes and other poems for children.

The subject of my research is the Limerick poetry and the object is one of the greatestLimerick’s authors Edward Lear.

I have chosen this theme as it’s interesting and attractive for me and also because ofmy desire to learn more about creativity of Edward Lear and Limerick poems.

The introduction to this work is based on the choice of this theme, the actuality ofthe aim and specific problems. To write this work I studied a question from all sides withparticular focus on the form and style of Limericks. Special attention is dedicated tofascinating facts about Limerick’s history and origin.

The first chapter shows how exactly people create these rhymes, who create thisrhymes, structure of Limerick.

The second chapter is devoted to nursery rhymes that have a lot of similarities with limericks.In the third chapter Edward Lear’s poetry and some examples of Limerick are considered.The conclusion generalizes all the results of the work and forms its primary conclusions.My main aim in writing this paper is to observe that Limericks have remained popular

over the years and to prove that senseless poetry is rather interesting subject for research.For this research I used historical and philological literature, some websites related to

my theme and also books of limericks.

7Àíãëèéñêèé ÿçûê

XIV 䇐䌀䐰䑰䏐䏠-䏰䐀䌀䎠䐠䎀䑰䍐䐐䎠䌀䓰 䎠䏠䏐䑀䍐䐀䍐䏐䑠䎀䓰 䐰䑰䌀䒐䎀䑐䐐䓰 䆠䎀䐀䏠䌠䐐䎠䏠䌰䏠 䐀䌀䎐䏠䏐䌀

In my paper I proved that limerick poems are still attractive for readers and they willbe actual in future.

䆀䏐䑀䏠䐀䏀䌀䑠䎀䏠䏐䏐䒰䍐 䎀䐐䐠䏠䑰䏐䎀䎠䎀:1. Noakes, Vivien. Edward Lear-The Life of a Wanderer. - Collins, St. James’s Palace, 19682. Lear, Edward. Limericks for beginners. - St-Petersburg, 19983. G.K. Chesterton: Child Psychology and Nonsense. - London, 1921http://www.limerickpoems.net/http://www.rhymes.org.uk/ http://www.nurseryrhymesonline.com/1256/edward-lear/

䈠䍐䏀䌀 䐀䌀䌐䏠䐠䒰: The English and Anglo-Saxons: Link throughthe centuries(䄀䏐䌰䎰䎀䑰䌀䏐䍐 䎀 䌀䏐䌰䎰䏠-䐐䌀䎠䐐䒰. 䆀䐐䐠䏠䐀䎀䑰䍐䐐䎠䎀䍐 䏰䌀䐀䌀䎰䎰䍐䎰䎀)

䈰䑰䌀䐐䐠䏐䎀䎠: 䅐䌠䐐䐠䎀䑀䍐䍐䌠䌀 䆰䓠䌐䏠䌠䓀, 9 䎠䎰䌀䐐䐐 䄰䄐䇠䈰 䄰䎀䏀䏐䌀䍰䎀䓰 №248䈀䐰䎠䏠䌠䏠䍀䎀䐠䍐䎰䓀: 䆠䌀䏀䎀䐠䏠䌠䌀 䄀䏐䍠䍐䎰䎀䎠䌀 䄠䎰䌀䍀䎀䐐䎰䌀䌠䏠䌠䏐䌀

When Roman legions came back to Rome, Britain was left to defend and rule itself.The time had come for new rulers and new rulers came. They were Angles, Saxons andJutes. Being terrific warriors, they controlled most of the island by the seventh centuryA.D., ousted the British population to the mountainous parts of the Isle of Great Britain.Later, they united and became the Anglo-Saxons.

I have been interested in British history and in everything that is connected with itfor a long time. I consider that Anglo-Saxon influence on Great Britain was very importantand I believe that it brought great changes in culture and development of this country.That is why I decided to devote my research paper to this topic. I have taken the twonations as a basis and compared them. The main aim of my work is to find similaritiesbetween Anglo-Saxon and British life.

In my paper I used the websites to find all the necessary information and historicalliterature which helped me to imagine fully the heart of the research.

The work consists of the following parts: introduction, historic review, six chapters,conclusion and the list of references.

The introduction focuses upon the choice of this theme and shows the contents ofthe following chapters.

The historic review shows a period since Anglo-Saxon arrival to conquest England byNormans.

The first chapter shows the invasion of Anglo-Saxons in British lands.In the second chapter the role of the government is considered.In the third chapter the church and religion are described.The forth chapter compares culture and crafts.The fifth chapter describes wars.The sixth chapter compares languages.The conclusion generalizes all the results of the work and forms of primary conclusions.In my paper I proved that Anglo-Saxons greatly influenced the country that is called

Great Britain now.

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XIV 䇐䌀䐰䑰䏐䏠-䏰䐀䌀䎠䐠䎀䑰䍐䐐䎠䌀䓰 䎠䏠䏐䑀䍐䐀䍐䏐䑠䎀䓰 䐰䑰䌀䒐䎀䑐䐐䓰 䆠䎀䐀䏠䌠䐐䎠䏠䌰䏠 䐀䌀䎐䏠䏐䌀

Àíãëèéñêèé ÿçûê

䆀䏐䑀䏠䐀䏀䌀䑠䎀䏠䏐䏐䒰䍐 䎀䐐䐠䏠䑰䏐䎀䎠䎀:Lewis-Stempel J. England. The autobiography.- London: Penguin Books Ltd, 2000McDowall D. An illustrated history of Britain.- London: Pearson, 2009Lavelle R. Fighting the Vikings. – London: BBC Books, 2011http://www.readbookonline.net/read/40217/80532/http://www.localhistory.scit.wlv.ac.uk/articles/Penn/history/ASEngland.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglo-Saxons

䈠䍐䏀䌀 䐀䌀䌐䏠䐠䒰: Holidays in Russia and Great Britain. Differ-ences and similarities(䇰䐀䌀䍰䍀䏐䎀䎠䎀 䌠 䈀䏠䐐䐐䎀䎀 䎀 䄠䍐䎰䎀䎠䏠䌐䐀䎀䐠䌀䏐䎀䎀. 䈐䑐䏠䍀䐐䐠䌠䌀 䎀䐀䌀䍰䎰䎀䑰䎀䓰)

䈰䑰䌀䐐䐠䏐䎀䎠: 䆠䐀䌀䍐䌠䌀 䄀䏐䌀䐐䐠䌀䐐䎀䓰, 9䄠 䎠䎰䌀䐐䐐 䄰䄐䇠䈰 䄰䎀䏀䏐䌀䍰䎀䓰 № 248䈀䐰䎠䏠䌠䏠䍀䎀䐠䍐䎰䓀: 䆠䌀䏀䎀䐠䏠䌠䌀 䄀䏐䍠䍐䎰䎀䎠䌀 䄠䎰䌀䍀䎀䐐䎰䌀䌠䏠䌠䏐䌀

Holidays are fun and interesting but they are not as simple as we can think. The sameholidays in different countries may have the same roots, but they may also have a lot ofdifferences in their celebration.

I have been interested in holidays and in everything that is associated with them fora long time. I consider that studying traditions of celebration helps us to learn more aboutdifferent cultures and I believe that such knowledge will help us to be on friendly termswith people from different countries. That is why I decided to devote my research paperto this topic. In my paper I compared and contrasted different holidays and traditions.The aim of my work is to find differences and similarities between holidays in Great Britainand in Russia. I am going to consider some unknown facts in cultures of the two countries,to prove that there are some common roots of their holidays and to find and analyse thenew aspects of some holidays celebration.

In my paper I used the websites (generally electronic encyclopedias) to find all thenecessary information and educational literature which helped me to imagine fully theheart of the problem.

The first chapter covers New Year’s celebration.In the second chapter celebration of Christmas is considered. In the third chapter St.

Valentine’s Day and the Day of Family, Love and Loyalty are described. The forth chaptershows differences and similarities in celebration of Easter in Great Britain and Russia.The fifth chapter describes Halloween and Kupala Night.

In my paper I proved that some holidays have the same origin as well as a lot ofsimilarities and differences in their celebration.

䆀䏐䑀䏠䐀䏀䌀䑠䎀䏠䏐䏐䒰䍐 䎀䐐䐠䏠䑰䏐䎀䎠䎀:Adrianova I., Toumanova N. Learn & Celebrate. –䇐.:䆀䇐䉀䇠䆰䆀䇠-䏰䐀䍐䐐䐐, 1999. Burova

I. British Festivals.- 䈐䇰䌐.:䇰䎀䐠䍐䐀, 1996. Forbes B. D. Christmas. A candid history.-LosAngeles.: University of California Press, 2007. Khimunina T.,Konon N.,Walshe I.Customs, Traditions and Festivals of Great Britain.-䇀.: 䇰䐀䏠䐐䌠䍐䒐䍐䏐䎀䍐,1984 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Russia

9Àíãëèéñêèé ÿçûê

XIV 䇐䌀䐰䑰䏐䏠-䏰䐀䌀䎠䐠䎀䑰䍐䐐䎠䌀䓰 䎠䏠䏐䑀䍐䐀䍐䏐䑠䎀䓰 䐰䑰䌀䒐䎀䑐䐐䓰 䆠䎀䐀䏠䌠䐐䎠䏠䌰䏠 䐀䌀䎐䏠䏐䌀

䈠䍐䏀䌀 䐀䌀䌐䏠䐠䒰: The Tower of London through the centuries(䆰䏠䏐䍀䏠䏐䐐䎠䎀䎐 䈠䌀䐰䓐䐀 䏐䌀 䏰䐀䏠䐠䓰䍠䍐䏐䎀䎀 䌠䍐䎠䏠䌠)

䈰䑰䌀䐐䐠䏐䎀䎠: 䆰䒰䐐䌀䏐䏠䌠䌀 䄠䎀䎠䐠䏠䐀䎀䓰, 9 䎠䎰䌀䐐䐐 䄰䄐䇠䈰 䄰䎀䏀䏐䌀䍰䎀䓰 №248䈀䐰䎠䏠䌠䏠䍀䎀䐠䍐䎰䓀: 䆠䌀䏀䎀䐠䏠䌠䌀 䄀䏐䍠䍐䎰䎀䎠䌀 䄠䎰䌀䍀䎀䐐䎰䌀䌠䏠䌠䏐䌀

Her Majesty’s Royal Palace and Fortress, more commonly known as the Tower ofLondon, is a historic castle on the north bank of the River Thames in central London,England, United Kingdom. It was founded towards the end of 1066 as part of the NormanConquest of England. The Tower of London has played a prominent role in English history.It was besieged several times and controlling it has been important to controlling the country.

I have been interested in history and architecture of London and in everything that isconnected with it for a long time. I consider it very exciting. That is why I decided to devotemy research paper to this topic. I have taken the history and architecture of the Tower ofLondon as a basis and followed the changes of its functions and buildings through the centuries.

The aim of this paper is to contrast different periods of the expansion of the Towerand to describe this fortress. I am going to consider the history of the Tower of Londonand to find and analyse the Tower’s functions and institutions.

In my paper I used the historical literature which helped me to find all the necessaryinformation.

The first part shows the Tower in the Middle Ages:The first chapter describes the period before the Tower. The history of the Tower of

London begins in 1066, but the site was determined by buildings put up under the Romans,rules of Britain from AD 43 to 410.

In the second chapter the foundation of the castle by William the Conqueror is described.The foundation of the Tower of London took place as a direct result of one of the most remarkableand important events in European history: the conquest in 1066, of the rich and powerfulkingdom of England by Normans, the rulers of a small state in central northern France.

The third chapter shows the castle during the twelfth century. The first major knownexpansion of the Conqueror’s castle, and the creation of the earliest surviving buildingsother than the White Tower, were undertaken in the twelfth century.

The fourth chapter focuses upon the expansion of the Castle during the thirteenth century.The fifth chapter describes the Tower of London during the reign of Edward I’s son,

Edward II.In the second part of my research paper the Tower and its institutions are considered.In my paper I proved that the architecture, functions and institutions of The Tower

of London have greatly changed since the Middle Ages and how it influenced the historyand architecture of London.

䆀䏐䑀䏠䐀䏀䌀䑠䎀䏠䏐䏐䒰䍐 䎀䐐䐠䏠䑰䏐䎀䎠䎀:Impey E., Parnell G. The Tower of London;The Official Illustrated History. – Great

Britain: Merrell Publishers, 2006Leapman M. DK eyewitness Travel Guides; London.- Great Britain: Penguin Books

Ltd, 2003Fallon S. London. – Great Britain: Lonely Planet, 2002䆀䎰䓀䓠䒐䍐䏐䎠䏠 䇐.䈐. Discovering Britain. – 䇀.: 䆠䅀䈰, 2011

10

XIV 䇐䌀䐰䑰䏐䏠-䏰䐀䌀䎠䐠䎀䑰䍐䐐䎠䌀䓰 䎠䏠䏐䑀䍐䐀䍐䏐䑠䎀䓰 䐰䑰䌀䒐䎀䑐䐐䓰 䆠䎀䐀䏠䌠䐐䎠䏠䌰䏠 䐀䌀䎐䏠䏐䌀

Àíãëèéñêèé ÿçûê

䈠䍐䏀䌀 䐀䌀䌐䏠䐠䒰: Britain as a target of different invaders(䄐䐀䎀䐠䌀䏐䎀䓰 䎠䌀䎠 䑠䍐䎰䓀 䐀䌀䍰䎰䎀䑰䏐䒰䑐 䍰䌀䑐䌠䌀䐠䑰䎀䎠䏠䌠)

䈰䑰䌀䐐䐠䏐䎀䎠: 䉐䏠䐠䍐䍐䌠 䄀䎰䍐䎠䐐䍐䎐 䋠䐀䓀䍐䌠䎀䑰, 9 䎠䎰䌀䐐䐐 䄰䄐䇠䈰 䄰䎀䏀䏐䌀䍰䎀䓰 № 248䈀䐰䎠䏠䌠䏠䍀䎀䐠䍐䎰䓀: 䆠䌀䏀䎀䐠䏠䌠䌀 䄀䏐䍠䍐䎰䎀䎠䌀 䄠䎰䌀䍀䎀䐐䎰䌀䌠䏠䌠䏐䌀

Great Britain is an unforgettable and beautiful country which has differentlandscapes in various areas. However, Britain has not only picturesque sceneries, butalso mysterious history. In my opinion, one of the most exciting parts of Britain’shistory is “Roman Britain”. Rome was the greatest empire which conquered manycountries. British Isles didn’t escape the common lot and were defeated by the Romans.However, there were many other invaders who arrived in Britain in search of newlands and resources.

I have been interested in history of Great Britain for a long time. I consider thatdifferent invasions greatly influenced this country, its language, culture and people. Thatis why I decided to devote my research paper to this topic. In my paper I compared andcontrasted different peoples who conquered Britain and life in this country before andafter invasions.

The aim of my paper is to find out the causes of the invasions and how many invadergroups tried to defeat Britain. I am going to consider some unknown facts about peoplesof those times and to find and analyse some aspects of Roman invasion.

In my paper I used the websites (generally electronic encyclopedias) to find all thenecessary information and historical literature which helped me to imagine fully the heartof the problem.

The first chapter shows us prehistory of Britain and first tribes who lived there.Those people brought to Britain new ways of thinking, ideas and tools.

The second chapter is about the Celtic tribes, the invaders who greatly influencedBritain. The Celts began to control all the lowland areas of Britain, and were joined bynew arrivals from the European mainland.

The third chapter describes “The Roman Britain”. The Romans brought the skills ofreading and writing to Britain.

The fourth chapter focuses upon the lifestyle of the Romans in Britain. The life inRoman Britain was very civilized, but it was too hard for all people except the richest.Half of the population died between the ages of twenty and forty, while 15 percent diedbefore reaching the age of twenty.

In my research paper I have found out the causes of the invasions of Britain andproved that various tribes had different influence on this country.

䆀䏐䑀䏠䐀䏀䌀䑠䎀䏠䏐䏐䒰䍐 䎀䐐䐠䏠䑰䏐䎀䎠䎀:Brocklehurst R. Roman Britain. – London: Usborne Publishing Ltd., 2006www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Britainwww.britannia.comwww.british-history.ac.ukwww.GreatBritain.co.uk

11Àíãëèéñêèé ÿçûê

XIV 䇐䌀䐰䑰䏐䏠-䏰䐀䌀䎠䐠䎀䑰䍐䐐䎠䌀䓰 䎠䏠䏐䑀䍐䐀䍐䏐䑠䎀䓰 䐰䑰䌀䒐䎀䑐䐐䓰 䆠䎀䐀䏠䌠䐐䎠䏠䌰䏠 䐀䌀䎐䏠䏐䌀

䈠䍐䏀䌀 䐀䌀䌐䏠䐠䒰: King Arthur: the King of Britons or the Myth(䆠䏠䐀䏠䎰䓀 䄀䐀䐠䐰䐀: 䆠䏠䐀䏠䎰䓀 䄐䐀䎀䐠䌀䏐䑠䍐䌠 䎀䎰䎀 䇀䎀䑀)

䈰䑰䌀䐐䐠䏐䎀䎠: 䊀䎠䐰䐀䏠䏰䌀䐠 䅀䌀䐀䓀䓰, 9 䎠䎰䌀䐐䐐 䄰䄐䇠䈰 䄰䎀䏀䏐䌀䍰䎀䓰 № 248䈀䐰䎠䏠䌠䏠䍀䎀䐠䍐䎰䓀: 䄐䍐䎰䏠䌠䌀 䅐䎠䌀䐠䍐䐀䎀䏐䌀 䈐䍐䐀䌰䍐䍐䌠䏐䌀

He is said to be one of Britain’s greatest heroes in history and a military genius whoapparently saved Britain from invading barbarian hordes in the Dark Ages. For over 1,000years, he has become a myth, lost in the annuls of time. But did he really exist?

The subject matter of my research is studying of the problem of the existance of King Arthur.The object of this work is the life of King Arthur and Myths connected with his person.

The image of Arthur has haunted the poets and writers of western Europe for nearlynine centuries and there is no sign of an end to the «once and future king» in the world ofliterature. Today the myth has lost none of its appeal and is still the subject of manybooks and films. However, despite the entrenchment of Arthur within Celtic folklore,evidence of his actual existence is slim.

The consensus amongst most historians is that Arthur probably did exist, either as anindividual or a composite of several individuals. Since many of the Dark Age heroes werereal men upon whom mythical talent and position were often added by storytellers, thereis a strong possibility that Arthur was a Dark Age warrior of the Celts from whom the restof the mythological superstructure was formed.

The main aim of my research was to find out why, in light of no concrete evidence,has Arthur featured so heavily in British mythology? Who was king Arthur or Arthurus?An ideal leader who personified justice, law, order and harmony? The greatest and best ofkings? Or was he the stuff of literature and legend, the mythic native son with a magicalkingdom? I tried to answer these questions and develop my own opinion.

For my research I used historical literature, electronic encyclopedias and websites tofind all the necessary information.

䆀䏐䑀䏠䐀䏀䌀䑠䎀䏠䏐䏐䒰䍐 䎀䐐䐠䏠䑰䏐䎀䎠䎀:Norma L. Goodrich. King Arthur. –London, HarperCollins, 1989Richard W. Barber. Legends of King Arthur. - Woodbridge [u.a.] : Boydell, 2003.http://wiki.answers.com/Q/How_old_was_King_Arthur_when_he_diedhttp://www.studymode.com/subjects/king-arthur-conclusion-page1.html

䈠䍐䏀䌀 䐀䌀䌐䏠䐠䒰: 䇰䐀䌀䍰䍀䏐䎀䎠䎀 䅰䌀䏰䌀䍀䏐䒰䑐 䐐䐠䐀䌀䏐 䌠 䈀䏠䐐䐐䎀䎀(Holidays of the Western countries in Russia)

䈰䑰䌀䐐䐠䏐䎀䎠: 䄀䎰䓰䌐䐰䒀䍐䌠䌀 䅐䎰䎀䍰䌀䌠䍐䐠䌀 9 «䄠» 䎠䎰䌀䐐䐐 䄰䄐䇠䈰 䈐䇠䊀 №249 䎀䏀䍐䏐䎀䇀.䄠.䇀䌀䏐䍐䌠䎀䑰䌀䈀䐰䎠䏠䌠䏠䍀䎀䐠䍐䎰䓀: 䈀䐰䏀䓰䏐䑠䍐䌠䌀 䈠. 䄀.

䄠 䏐䌀䐐䐠䏠䓰䒐䍐䍐 䌠䐀䍐䏀䓰 䌠 䈀䏠䐐䐐䎀䎀 䏰䏠䎰䐰䑰䎀䎰䎀 䒀䎀䐀䏠䎠䏠䍐 䐀䌀䐐䏰䐀䏠䐐䐠䐀䌀䏐䍐䏐䎀䍐 䏰䐀䌀䍰䍀䏐䎀䎠䎀䍰䌀䏰䌀䍀䏐䒰䑐 䐐䐠䐀䌀䏐. 䇰䏠䑰䍐䏀䐰 䐰 䏐䌀䐐 䏰䐀䎀䍠䎀䎰䎀䐐䓀 䎀 䍀䏠䐐䐠䌀䐠䏠䑰䏐䏠 䏰䏠䏰䐰䎰䓰䐀䏐䒰 䉐䓐䎰䎰䏠䐰䎀䏐, 䍀䏐䎀

12

XIV 䇐䌀䐰䑰䏐䏠-䏰䐀䌀䎠䐠䎀䑰䍐䐐䎠䌀䓰 䎠䏠䏐䑀䍐䐀䍐䏐䑠䎀䓰 䐰䑰䌀䒐䎀䑐䐐䓰 䆠䎀䐀䏠䌠䐐䎠䏠䌰䏠 䐀䌀䎐䏠䏐䌀

Àíãëèéñêèé ÿçûê

䄠䌀䎰䍐䏐䐠䎀䏐䌀 䎀 䐐䌠䓰䐠䏠䌰䏠 䇰䌀䐠䐀䎀䎠䌀. 䇀䏠䍠䍐䐠, 䌠䏐䏠䌠䓀 䏰䐀䎀䒀䍐䍀䒀䎀䍐 䏰䐀䌀䍰䍀䏐䎀䎠䎀 䎀䏀䍐䓠䐠 䑰䐠䏠-䐠䏠,䑰䍐䌰䏠 䏐䍐䐠 䌠 䏐䌀䒀䎀䑐 䐠䐀䌀䍀䎀䑠䎀䏠䏐䏐䒰䑐 䏐䌀䐀䏠䍀䏐䒰䑐 䎀 䐀䍐䎰䎀䌰䎀䏠䍰䏐䒰䑐? 䆀䍰䐰䑰䎀䏀 䏐䍐䎠䏠䐠䏠䐀䒰䍐 䎀䍰 䏐䎀䑐.

䉐䓐䎰䎰䏠䐰䎀䏐 䐰䑐䏠䍀䎀䐠 䎠䏠䐀䏐䓰䏀䎀 䌠 䍀䌀䎰䍐䎠䐰䓠 䎠䍐䎰䓀䐠䐐䎠䐰䓠 䎠䐰䎰䓀䐠䐰䐀䐰 䐐 䍐䍐 䓰䍰䒰䑰䍐䐐䎠䏠䎐䏀䎀䑀䏠䎰䏠䌰䎀䍐䎐 䎀 䓰䌠䎰䓰䍐䐠 䐐䏠䌐䏠䎐 䎠䐀䌀䐠䎠䏠䌠䐀䍐䏀䍐䏐䏐䐰䓠 䏠䐠䎠䐀䒰䐠䏠䐐䐠䓀 䏐䍐䌠䎀䍀䎀䏀䏠䌰䏠 䏀䎀䐀䌀,䐐䏠䏰䐀䏠䌠䏠䍠䍀䌀䍐䏀䐰䓠 䐀䌀䍰䌰䐰䎰䏠䏀 䏐䍐䑰䎀䐐䐠䎀. 䆠䏠䌰䍀䌀 䉐䓐䎰䎰䏠䐰䎀䏐 䌐䒰䎰 䍐䒐䍐 䐀䍐䎰䎀䌰䎀䏠䍰䏐䒰䏀䏰䐀䌀䍰䍀䏐䎀䎠䏠䏀 䍀䐀䍐䌠䏐䎀䑐 䎠䍐䎰䓀䐠䏠䌠, 䏠䐐䏐䏠䌠䏐䏠䎐 䌀䎠䑠䍐䏐䐠 䍀䍐䎰䌀䎰䐐䓰 䏐䌀 䏰䏠䑰䎀䐠䌀䏐䎀䎀 䏀䍐䐀䐠䌠䒰䑐 䐐䍰䌀䍀䌀䌐䐀䎀䌠䌀䏐䎀䍐䏀 䏰䏠䐠䐰䐐䐠䏠䐀䏠䏐䏐䎀䑐 䐐䎀䎰 䎀 䍠䍐䐀䐠䌠䏠䏰䐀䎀䏐䏠䒀䍐䏐䎀䓰䏀䎀. 䄠 䏐䌀䒀䍐 䌠䐀䍐䏀䓰 䏠䐐䐠䌀䎰䐐䓰,䏰䏠 䐐䐰䐠䎀, 䏀䌀䐐䎠䌀䐀䌀䍀, 䐐 䏀䎀䐐䐠䎀䑰䍐䐐䎠䎀䏀䎀 䏐䏠䐠䌀䏀䎀.

䅀䍐䏐䓀 䐐䌠䓰䐠䏠䌰䏠 䄠䌀䎰䍐䏐䐠䎀䏐䌀. 䋐䐠䏠䐠 䐀䏠䏀䌀䏐䐠䎀䑰䏐䒰䎐 䏰䐀䌀䍰䍀䏐䎀䎠 (14 䑀䍐䌠䐀䌀䎰䓰) 䐐䐠䐀䏠䌰䏠䐐䌠䓰䍰䒰䌠䌀䍐䐠䐐䓰 䐐 䌠䎰䓠䌐䎰䍐䏐䏐䒰䏀䎀. 䈐䏀䒰䐐䎰 䏰䐀䌀䍰䍀䏐䎀䎠䌀 䌠 䐠䏠䏀, 䑰䐠䏠 䓐䐠䏠 䎠䌀䎠 䌐䒰 䎀䑐 䍀䍐䏐䓀, 䌠䐐䍐䏠䐠䍀䌀䏐䏠 䏐䌀 䏠䐠䎠䐰䏰 䎰䓠䌐䌠䎀 䎀䎰䎀 䌠䎰䓠䌐䎰䍐䏐䏐䏠䐐䐠䎀. 䅰䏐䌀䎠䎀 䌠䏐䎀䏀䌀䏐䎀䓰, 䏰䐀䎀䍰䏐䌀䏐䎀䓰 䌠 䎰䓠䌐䌠䎀,䐀䏠䏀䌀䏐䐠䎀䑰䍐䐐䎠䎀䎐 䍀䏠䐐䐰䌰 䌐䍐䍰 䐐䌠䎀䍀䍐䐠䍐䎰䍐䎐, 䏰䐀䍐䍀䎰䏠䍠䍐䏐䎀䓰 䌠䒰䎐䐠䎀 䍰䌀䏀䐰䍠 (䍠䍐䏐䎀䐠䓀䐐䓰) - 䌠䐐䍐 䓐䐠䏠䏐䍐䏰䐀䍐䏀䍐䏐䏐䒰䍐 䌀䐠䐀䎀䌐䐰䐠䒰 䅀䏐䓰 䄠䌀䎰䍐䏐䐠䎀䏐䌀.

䅀䍐䏐䓀 䏰䌀䏀䓰䐠䎀 䐐䌠䓰䐠䏠䌰䏠 䇰䌀䐠䐀䎀䎠䌀, 䏰䐀䏠䐐䌠䍐䐠䎀䐠䍐䎰䓰 䆀䐀䎰䌀䏐䍀䎀䎀, 䍀䌀䌠䏐䏠 䐐䐠䌀䎰 䍀䏐䍐䏀 䏐䌀䐀䏠䍀䏐䏠䎐䎀䐀䎰䌀䏐䍀䐐䎠䏠䎐 䎠䐰䎰䓀䐠䐰䐀䒰 䌠䏠 䌠䐐䍐䏀 䏀䎀䐀䍐 䎀 䏰䏠 䐐䌠䏠䍐䏀䐰 䐐䏠䍀䍐䐀䍠䌀䏐䎀䓠 䏰䏠䎰䏐䏠䐐䐠䓀䓠 䐰䐠䐀䌀䐠䎀䎰䐐䌠䓰䍰䓀 䐐 䎀䐐䐠䏠䐀䎀䍐䎐 䍠䎀䍰䏐䎀 䑰䍐䎰䏠䌠䍐䎠䌀, 䎀䏀䓰 䎠䏠䐠䏠䐀䏠䌰䏠 䏐䏠䐐䎀䐠. 䈐䌠䓰䐠䏠䎐 䇰䌀䐠䐀䎀䎠 䌐䒰䎰 䌠䍐䎰䎀䎠䎀䎐䑰䍐䎰䏠䌠䍐䎠, 䎠䌀䎠 䎀 䏀䏐䏠䌰䎀䍐 䍀䐀䐰䌰䎀䍐 䑐䐀䎀䐐䐠䎀䌀䏐䐐䎠䎀䍐 䏰䐀䏠䐐䌠䍐䐠䎀䐠䍐䎰䎀 䐀䌀䍰䏐䒰䑐 䐐䐠䐀䌀䏐. 䈠䐀䎀䎰䎀䐐䐠䏐䎀䎠,䎀䐀䎰䌀䏐䍀䐐䎠䎀䍐 䏰䍐䐐䏐䎀 䎀 䏠䍀䍐䍠䍀䌀 - 䏐䍐 䌐䏠䎰䍐䍐 䑰䍐䏀 䌀䐠䐀䎀䌐䐰䐠䒰 䓐䎠䍰䏠䐠䎀䑰䍐䐐䎠䏠䌰䏠䌠䐀䍐䏀䓰䏰䐀䏠䌠䏠䍠䍀䍐䏐䎀䓰, 䐐䏠䌠䏀䍐䐐䐠䏐䏠䌰䏠 䍀䏠䐐䐰䌰䌀 䌰䏠䐀䏠䍀䐐䎠䏠䎐 䏀䏠䎰䏠䍀䍐䍠䎀.

䇀䒰 䌠䎀䍀䎀䏀, 䑰䐠䏠 䏰䏠䏰䐰䎰䓰䐀䏐䒰䍐 䏐䒰䏐䍐 䌠 䏐䌀䐀䏠䍀䍐 䏰䐀䎀䒀䎰䒰䍐 䎀䍰-䍰䌀 䐀䐰䌐䍐䍠䌀 䏰䐀䌀䍰䍀䏐䎀䎠䎀䎀䏀䍐䓠䐠 䍀䌀䌠䏐䓠䓠 䎀 䏐䍐䏰䐀䏠䐐䐠䐰䓠 䎀䐐䐠䏠䐀䎀䓠. 䆠䌀䍠䍀䒰䎐 䎀䍰 䏐䎀䑐 䓰䌠䎰䓰䍐䐠 䐐䏠䌐䏠䎐 䐐䎰䏠䍠䏐䏠䍐䏰䍐䐀䍐䏰䎰䍐䐠䍐䏐䎀䍐 䏐䌀䐀䏠䍀䏐䒰䑐 䎀 䐀䍐䎰䎀䌰䎀䏠䍰䏐䒰䑐 䏠䌐䒰䑰䌀䍐䌠. 䈐䏠䌠䐀䍐䏀䍐䏐䏐䌀䓰 䏀䏠䎰䏠䍀䍐䍠䓀 䏠䑰䍐䏐䓀䎀䏐䐠䍐䐀䍐䐐䐰䍐䐠䐐䓰 䎠䐰䎰䓀䐠䐰䐀䏠䎐 䅰䌀䏰䌀䍀䌀. 䈀䍐䍰䐰䎰䓀䐠䌀䐠䏠䏀 䎀䑐 䍰䌀䎀䏐䐠䍐䐀䍐䐐䏠䌠䌀䏐䏐䏠䐐䐠䎀 䓰䌠䎰䓰䍐䐠䐐䓰䏰䏠䍀䐀䌀䍠䌀䏐䎀䍐 䐀䌀䍰䏐䒰䏀 䍰䌀䏰䌀䍀䏐䒰䏀 䐠䍐䑰䍐䏐䎀䓰䏀, 䌀 䐠䌀䎠䍠䍐, 䏰䐀䌀䍰䍀䏐䏠䌠䌀䏐䎀䍐 䏐䏠䌠䏠䏀䏠䍀䏐䒰䑐䏰䐀䌀䍰䍀䏐䎀䎠䏠䌠.

䆀䏐䑀䏠䐀䏀䌀䑠䎀䏠䏐䏐䒰䍐 䎀䐐䐠䏠䑰䏐䎀䎠䎀:䄀䐀䌰䐰䏀䍐䏐䐠䒰 䎀 䑀䌀䎠䐠䒰 䏠䐠 06 䏠䎠䐠䓰䌐䐀䓰 2011 䌰䏠䍀䌀http://www.city-n.ru/view/104444.html«䉐䐀䎀䐐䐠䎀䌀䏐䐐䎠䎀䍐 䏰䐀䌀䍰䍀䏐䎀䎠䎀. 䈠䐀䌀䍀䎀䑠䎀䎀 䄠䏠䐐䐠䏠䎠䌀 䎀 䅰䌀䏰䌀䍀䌀». 䄠.䇠. 䄰䐰䐐䌀䎠䏠䌠䌀.- 䇀.:

䆀䍰䍀䌀䐠䍐䎰䓀䐐䎠䎀䎐 䑠䍐䏐䐠䐀 «䄀䌠䐀䏠䐀䌀», 2010.-160 䐐.

䈠䍐䏀䌀 䐀䌀䌐䏠䐠䒰: Ahmad Tea London, 䐐䍐䎠䐀䍐䐠䒰 䑰䌀䍐䏰䎀䐠䎀䓰

䈰䑰䌀䐐䐠䏐䎀䎠: 䇐䎀䎠䐰䎰䎀䏐䌀 䅐䎠䌀䐠䍐䐀䎀䏐䌀/䒀䎠䏠䎰䌀 254, 9䎠䎰䌀䐐䐐/䈀䐰䎠䏠䌠䏠䍀䎀䐠䍐䎰䓀: 䇀䌀䐀䐰䐐䏠䌠䌀 䈐.䋠.

䇠䌐䏠䐐䏐䏠䌠䌀䏐䎀䍐 䌠䒰䌐䏠䐀䌀 䐠䍐䏀䒰: 䈠䍐䏀䌀 䌀䎠䐠䐰䌀䎰䓀䏐䌀, 䐠䌀䎠 䎠䌀䎠 䏀䒰 䍠䎀䌠䍐䏀 䌠 䏀䎀䐀䍐 䎀䍰䌠䍐䐐䐠䏐䒰䑐䐠䏠䐀䌰䏠䌠䒰䑐 䏀䌀䐀䏠䎠, 䑀䎀䐀䏀, 䏠䐀䌰䌀䏐䎀䍰䌀䑠䎀䎐. 䆠䌀䍠䍀䒰䎐 䍀䍐䏐䓀 䌠䏠䎠䐀䐰䌰 䐐䍐䌐䓰 䏀䒰 䌠䎀䍀䎀䏀 䏰䐀䎀䌠䒰䑰䏐䒰䍐䏐䌀䍰䌠䌀䏐䎀䓰…䏰䌀䐀䑀䓠䏀䍐䐀䎀䎀, 䏠䍀䍐䍠䍀䒰, 䑰䌀䓰, 䎠䏠䑀䍐, 䎠䏠䐠䏠䐀䒰䍐 䓰䌠䎰䓰䓠䐠䐐䓰 䏀䎀䐀䏠䌠䒰䏀䎀 䌐䐀䍐䏐䍀䌀䏀䎀.䉰䌀䎐 Ahmad Tea London 䑰䐀䍐䍰䌠䒰䑰䌀䎐䏐䏠 䏰䏠䏰䐰䎰䓰䐀䍐䏐 䌠䏠 䌠䐐䍐䏀 䏀䎀䐀䍐: 䏐䌀 䑰䌀䎐 䏰䐀䎀䌰䎰䌀䒀䌀䓠䐠䌰䏠䐐䐠䍐䎐, 䑰䌀䍐䏀 䐰䌰䏠䒐䌀䓠䐠 䏰䌀䐀䐠䏐䍐䐀䏠䌠 䎀 䎠䎰䎀䍐䏐䐠䏠䌠. 䉰䌀䎐 䓰䌠䎰䓰䍐䐠䐐䓰 䏰䏠䎀䐐䐠䎀䏐䍐 䏰䏠䏰䐰䎰䓰䐀䏐䒰䏀䏐䌀䏰䎀䐠䎠䏠䏀 䌠䏠 䌠䐐䍐䏀 䏀䎀䐀䍐. 䉐䏠䐠䍐䎰䎀 䌐䒰 䏰䏠䌐䏠䎰䓀䒀䍐 䐰䍰䏐䌀䐠䓀 䏠 䏰䐀䏠䑠䍐䐐䐐䍐 䏰䐀䏠䎀䍰䌠䏠䍀䐐䐠䌠䌀,䏰䐀䏠䌠䍐䍀䍐䏐䏠 䎀䐐䐐䎰䍐䍀䏠䌠䌀䏐䎀䍐, 䏰䏠䑰䍐䏀䐰 䏠䏐 䓰䌠䎰䓰䍐䐠䐐䓰 䐠䌀䎠䏠䌠䒰䏀. 䋰 䌠䒰䌐䐀䌀䎰䌀 䓐䐠䐰 䐠䍐䏀䐰, 䐠䌀䎠 䎠䌀䎠䏀䏠䓰 䐐䍐䏀䓀䓰, 䎀 䓰 䓰䌠䎰䓰䍐䏀䐐䓰 䏰䏠䎠䎰䏠䏐䏐䎀䎠䌀䏀䎀 䓐䐠䏠䌰䏠 䏐䌀䏰䎀䐠䎠䌀.

13Àíãëèéñêèé ÿçûê

XIV 䇐䌀䐰䑰䏐䏠-䏰䐀䌀䎠䐠䎀䑰䍐䐐䎠䌀䓰 䎠䏠䏐䑀䍐䐀䍐䏐䑠䎀䓰 䐰䑰䌀䒐䎀䑐䐐䓰 䆠䎀䐀䏠䌠䐐䎠䏠䌰䏠 䐀䌀䎐䏠䏐䌀

䇠䌐䒠䍐䎠䐠 䎀䐐䐐䎰䍐䍀䏠䌠䌀䏐䎀䓰: 䏀䌀䐀䎠䌀 䑰䌀䓰 “Ahmad Tea London ”䉠䍐䎰䓀 䎀䐐䐐䎰䍐䍀䏠䌠䌀䏐䎀䓰: 䄠䒰䓰䐐䏐䎀䐠䓀, 䏰䏠䑰䍐䏀䐰 䑰䌀䎐 Ahmad Tea London 䐠䌀䎠 䏰䏠䏰䐰䎰䓰䐀䍐䏐 䎀

䎰䓠䌐䎀䏀. 䄠䒰䓰䐐䏐䎀䐠䓀 䏰䏠䏰䐰䎰䓰䐀䏐䏠䐐䐠䓀 䓐䐠䏠䌰䏠 䏐䌀䏰䎀䐠䎠䌀, 䎀 䐐䍐䎠䐀䍐䐠䒰 䑰䌀䎐䏐䏠䎐 䑠䍐䐀䍐䏀䏠䏐䎀䎀.䇰䐀䏠䌠䍐䍀䍐䏐 䏠䏰䐀䏠䐐 䐐䐀䍐䍀䎀 䎰䓠䍀䍐䎐 䐀䌀䍰䏐䏠䌰䏠 䌠䏠䍰䐀䌀䐐䐠䌀 䎀 䐐䏠䑠䎀䌀䎰䓀䏐䏠䌰䏠 䏰䏠䎰䏠䍠䍐䏐䎀䓰. 䇰䏠䐀䍐䍰䐰䎰䓀䐠䌀䐠䌀䏀 䏠䏰䐀䏠䐐䌀 䌠䒰䓰䌠䎰䍐䏐䒰 䏰䐀䍐䍀䏰䏠䑰䐠䍐䏐䎀䓰 䎀 䌠䎠䐰䐐䒰 䐀䏠䐐䐐䎀䎐䐐䎠䎀䑐 䏰䏠䐠䐀䍐䌐䎀䐠䍐䎰䍐䎐.

䄰䎀䏰䏠䐠䍐䍰䌀 䎀䎰䎀 䌠䍐䍀䐰䒐䌀䓰 䎀䍀䍐䓰: 䇰䏠䑰䍐䏀䐰, 䏐䍐䐐䏀䏠䐠䐀䓰 䏐䌀 䐠䏠, 䑰䐠䏠 䌠 䏀䎀䐀䍐 䐐䐰䒐䍐䐐䐠䌠䐰䍐䐠䌐䏠䎰䓀䒀䏠䍐 䎠䏠䎰䎀䑰䍐䐐䐠䌠䏠 䏀䌀䐀䏠䎠 䑰䌀䓰, Ahmad Tea London 䌠䐐䍐䌰䍀䌀 䌐䒰䎰 䎀 䏠䐐䐠䌀䍐䐠䐐䓰 䓐䎠䐐䎠䎰䓠䍰䎀䌠䏐䒰䏀.

䆰䏠䌰䎀䎠䌀 䎀䍰䎰䏠䍠䍐䏐䎀䓰 䐠䍐䏀䒰:䄠䌠䍐䍀䍐䏐䎀䍐 (䐐䐰䒐䍐䐐䐠䌠䐰䍐䐠 䏐䍐䐐䎠䏠䎰䓀䎠䏠 䎠䐀䌀䐐䎀䌠䒰䑐 䎰䍐䌰䍐䏐䍀 䏠 䐠䏠䏀, 䏠䐠䎠䐰䍀䌀 䏰䏠䓰䌠䎀䎰䎀䐐䓀

䐠䐀䌀䍀䎀䑠䎀䎀 䑰䌀䍐䏰䎀䐠䎀䓰)䆀䐐䐠䏠䐀䎀䓰 䐐䏠䍰䍀䌀䏐䎀䓰 䑰䌀䍐䏰䎀䐠䎀䓰. 䇰䏠䓰䌠䎰䍐䏐䎀䍐 Ahmad Tea London 䌠 䈀䏠䐐䐐䎀䎀.䈀䌀䍰䏐䏠䏠䌐䐀䌀䍰䎀䍐 䐐䏠䐀䐠䏠䌠.䅰䌀䐀䏠䍠䍀䍐䏐䎀䍐 䐠䐀䌀䍀䎀䑠䎀䎐 䌀䏐䌰䎰䎀䎐䐐䎠䏠䌰䏠 䑰䌀䍐䏰䎀䐠䎀䓰.䇠䏰䐀䏠䐐 䎀 䐀䍐䎐䐠䎀䏐䌰, 䌠䎰䎀䓰䏐䎀䍐 䐀䍐䎠䎰䌀䏀䒰 䏐䌀 䌠䒰䌐䏠䐀 䐀䏠䐐䐐䎀䎐䐐䎠䏠䌰䏠 䏰䏠䐠䐀䍐䌐䎀䐠䍐䎰䓰. 䉰䐠䏠

䍰䌀䐐䐠䌀䌠䎰䓰䍐䐠 䎰䓠䍀䍐䎐 䏰䏠䎠䐰䏰䌀䐠䓀 䓐䐠䏠䐠 䐠䏠䌠䌀䐀 䐐 䎠䏠䏐䎠䐀䍐䐠䏐䒰䏀 䏐䌀䍰䌠䌀䏐䎀䍐䏀. 䇐䌀䌐䏠䐀 䑐䌀䐀䌀䎠䐠䍐䐀䎀䐐䐠䎀䎠䎀 䏰䐀䍐䎀䏀䐰䒐䍐䐐䐠䌠, 䏠䌐䍐䒐䌀䍐䏀䒰䑐 䏰䐀䏠䎀䍰䌠䏠䍀䎀䐠䍐䎰䍐䏀 䎀 䏠䍠䎀䍀䌀䍐䏀䒰䑐 䏰䏠䐠䐀䍐䌐䎀䐠䍐䎰䍐䏀.

䅰䌀䎠䎰䓠䑰䍐䏐䎀䍐. 䉰䐠䏠 䍰䌀䐐䐠䌀䌠䎰䓰䍐䐠 䎰䓠䍀䍐䎐 䏰䏠䎠䐰䏰䌀䐠䓀 䓐䐠䏠䐠 䐠䏠䌠䌀䐀 䐐 䎠䏠䏐䎠䐀䍐䐠䏐䒰䏀 䏐䌀䍰䌠䌀䏐䎀䍐䏀. 䇐䌀䌐䏠䐀䑐䌀䐀䌀䎠䐠䍐䐀䎀䐐䐠䎀䎠 䎀 䏰䐀䍐䎀䏀䐰䒐䍐䐐䐠䌠, 䏠䌐䍐䒐䌀䍐䏀䒰䑐 䏰䐀䏠䎀䍰䌠䏠䍀䎀䐠䍐䎰䍐䏀 䎀 䏠䍠䎀䍀䌀䍐䏀䒰䑐 䏰䏠䐠䐀䍐䌐䎀䐠䍐䎰䍐䏀.

䇠䐐䏐䏠䌠䏐䒰䍐 䐀䍐䍰䐰䎰䓀䐠䌀䐠䒰 䎀 䌠䒰䌠䏠䍀䒰: 䆠䏠䏀䏰䌀䏐䎀䓰 Ahmad Tea London 䐐䐠䐀䍐䏀䎀䐠䐐䓰 䎠䐰䌠䍐䎰䎀䑰䍐䏐䎀䓠 䑰䎀䐐䎰䌀 䏰䏠䎠䎰䏠䏐䏐䎀䎠䏠䌠 䓐䐠䏠䌰䏠 䏐䌀䏰䎀䐠䎠䌀, 䎀 䓰 䏰䏠䏰䏠䎰䏐䎀䎰䌀 䎀䑐 䐀䓰䍀䒰.

䆀䏐䑀䏠䐀䏀䌀䑠䎀䏠䏐䏐䒰䍐 䎀䐐䐠䏠䑰䏐䎀䎠䎀:1. A dictionary of English Folklore by Steve Round.2. Ahmadtea.com.

䈠䍐䏀䌀 䐀䌀䌐䏠䐠䒰: 䇀䏠䌐䎀䎰䓀䏐䒰䍐 䐠䍐䎰䍐䑀䏠䏐䒰: «䍰䌀» 䎀 «䏰䐀䏠䐠䎀䌠»

䈰䑰䌀䐐䐠䏐䎀䎠䎀: 䈀䐰䑰䎠䎀䏐䌀 䄠䎀䎠䐠䏠䐀䎀䓰, 䊀䎀䒀䏀䌀䐀䔐䌠䌀 䈐䌠䍐䐠䎰䌀䏐䌀, 9 䌐 䎠䎰䌀䐐䐐,䄰䄐䇠䈰 䈐䇠䊀 № 254.䈀䐰䎠䏠䌠䏠䍀䎀䐠䍐䎰䓀: 䈐䏠䎰䏠䏀䎀䏐䌀 䇠.䇐.

䄠 䏐䌀䐐䐠䏠䓰䒐䍐䍐 䌠䐀䍐䏀䓰 䐠䓰䍠䍐䎰䏠 䏰䐀䍐䍀䐐䐠䌀䌠䎀䐠䓀 䑰䍐䎰䏠䌠䍐䎠䌀 䌐䍐䍰 䏀䏠䌐䎀䎰䓀䏐䏠䌰䏠 䐠䍐䎰䍐䑀䏠䏐䌀. 䈰䎠䏠䌰䏠-䐠䏠 䐐䏀䌀䐀䐠䑀䏠䏐, 䎠䐠䏠-䐠䏠 䍀䏠䌠䏠䎰䓀䐐䐠䌠䐰䍐䐠䐐䓰 䏠䌐䒰䑰䏐䒰䏀 䏀䏠䌐䎀䎰䓀䏐䒰䏀 䐠䍐䎰䍐䑀䏠䏐䏠䏀. 䅐䒐䍐 䐐䏠䌠䐐䍐䏀䏐䍐䍀䌀䌠䏐䏠 䏀䏠䌐䎀䎰䓀䏐䒰䎐 䐠䍐䎰䍐䑀䏠䏐 䎀䏀䍐䎰䎀 䐠䏠䎰䓀䎠䏠 䍐䍀䎀䏐䎀䑠䒰. 䈐䍐䎐䑰䌀䐐 䏀䏠䌐䎀䎰䓀䏐䎀䎠 䍀䎰䓰 䏀䏐䏠䌰䎀䑐䏰䐀䎀䏠䌐䐀䍐䎰 䏰䍐䐀䌠䏠䐐䐠䍐䏰䍐䏐䏐䏠䍐 䍰䏐䌀䑰䍐䏐䎀䍐. 䅐䒐䍐 䏐䎀 䏠䍀䏐䌀 䐠䍐䑐䏐䏠䎰䏠䌰䎀䓰 䏐䍐 䌐䒰䎰䌀 䐐䐠䏠䎰䓀䏰䏠䏰䐰䎰䓰䐀䏐䏠䎐: 䐐䐠䌀䐠䎀䐐䐠䎀䎠䌀 䏰䏠䎠䌀䍰䒰䌠䌀䍐䐠, 䑰䐠䏠 䏠䎠䏠䎰䏠 䑰䍐䐠䒰䐀䍐䑐 䐐 䏰䏠䎰䏠䌠䎀䏐䏠䎐 䏀䎀䎰䎰䎀䌀䐀䍀䌀䑰䍐䎰䏠䌠䍐䎠 䎀䐐䏰䏠䎰䓀䍰䐰䓠䐠 䎠䌀䎠䏠䍐-䎰䎀䌐䏠 䏀䏠䌐䎀䎰䓀䏐䏠䍐 䐰䐐䐠䐀䏠䎐䐐䐠䌠䏠. 䈐䍐䌰䏠䍀䏐䓰 䏀䏠䌐䎀䎰䓀䏐䒰䎐 䐠䍐䎰䍐䑀䏠䏐䓐䐠䏠 䏐䍐 䏰䐀䏠䐐䐠䏠 䐐䐀䍐䍀䐐䐠䌠䏠 䐐䌠䓰䍰䎀, 䐰 䏐䍐䎠䏠䐠䏠䐀䒰䑐 䏀䏠䍀䍐䎰䍐䎐 䎠䏠䏀䏀䐰䏐䎀䎠䌀䐠䏠䐀䏠䌠 䏠䏐 䏀䌀䎠䐐䎀䏀䌀䎰䓀䏐䏠䏰䐀䎀䌐䎰䎀䍠䍐䏐 䏰䏠 䐐䌠䏠䎀䏀 䌠䏠䍰䏀䏠䍠䏐䏠䐐䐠䓰䏀 䎠 䎠䏠䏀䏰䓀䓠䐠䍐䐀䐰, 䌀 䌠 䏐䍐䎠䏠䐠䏠䐀䒰䑐 䐐䌠䏠䎀䑐 䐐䌠䏠䎐䐐䐠䌠䌀䑐䏰䐀䍐䌠䏠䐐䑐䏠䍀䎀䐠 䇰䆠. 䇀䏠䌐䎀䎰䓀䏐䌀䓰 䐐䌠䓰䍰䓀 䎠䌀䐀䍀䎀䏐䌀䎰䓀䏐䏠 䎀䍰䏀䍐䏐䎀䎰䌀 䏐䌀䒀䐰 䍠䎀䍰䏐䓀. 䇐䏠 䏰䏠䑰䍐䏀䐰-䐠䏠 䌠䐐䔐 䑰䌀䒐䍐 䐐䐠䌀䎰䎀 䏰䏠䓰䌠䎰䓰䐠䓀䐐䓰 䐀䌀䍰䌰䏠䌠䏠䐀䒰 䏠 䌠䐀䍐䍀䍐 䐐䏠䐠䏠䌠䏠䌰䏠 䐠䍐䎰䍐䑀䏠䏐䌀 䍀䎰䓰 䍰䍀䏠䐀䏠䌠䓀䓰䑰䍐䎰䏠䌠䍐䎠䌀, 䏰䍐䐀䍐䍀䌀䑰䎀, 䌠 䎠䏠䐠䏠䐀䒰䑐 䍀䎀䐐䎠䐰䐠䎀䐀䐰䓠䐠 䌠䐀䌀䑰䎀 䏰䏠 䏰䏠䌠䏠䍀䐰 䓐䐠䏠䌰䏠 䌠䏠䏰䐀䏠䐐䌀, 䌀 䐠䌀䎠䍠䍐䐐䐠䌀䐠䓀䎀 䌠 䎀䏐䐠䍐䐀䏐䍐䐠䍐. 䄀 䐠䌀䎠 䎠䌀䎠 䏀䏠䌐䎀䎰䓀䏐䎀䎠䎀 䌀䎠䐠䎀䌠䏐䏠 䏰䐀䏠䏐䎀䎠䌀䓠䐠 䌠 䍠䎀䍰䏐䓀 䐀䍐䌐䔐䏐䎠䌀,䏰䏠䍀䐀䏠䐐䐠䎠䌀, 䐠.䍐. 䏀䏠䎰䏠䍀䏠䌰䏠 䐀䌀䐐䐠䐰䒐䍐䌰䏠 䏠䐀䌰䌀䏐䎀䍰䏀䌀, 䓰 䐐䑰䎀䐠䌀䓠, 䑰䐠䏠 䍰䌀䍀䐰䏀䌀䐠䓀䐐䓰 䏐䌀䍀䏰䐀䏠䌐䎰䍐䏀䏠䎐 䌠䐀䍐䍀䏐䏠䌰䏠 䌠䏠䍰䍀䍐䎐䐐䐠䌠䎀䓰 䏐䌀 䏠䐀䌰䌀䏐䎀䍰䏀 䐐䏠䐠䏠䌠䏠䌰䏠 䐠䍐䎰䍐䑀䏠䏐䌀 䏰䐀䏠䐐䐠䏠 䏐䍐䏠䌐䑐䏠䍀䎀䏀䏠.

14

XIV 䇐䌀䐰䑰䏐䏠-䏰䐀䌀䎠䐠䎀䑰䍐䐐䎠䌀䓰 䎠䏠䏐䑀䍐䐀䍐䏐䑠䎀䓰 䐰䑰䌀䒐䎀䑐䐐䓰 䆠䎀䐀䏠䌠䐐䎠䏠䌰䏠 䐀䌀䎐䏠䏐䌀

Àíãëèéñêèé ÿçûê

䇠䌐䒠䍐䎠䐠䏠䏀 䎀䐐䐐䎰䍐䍀䏠䌠䌀䏐䎀䓰: 䐐䏠䐠䏠䌠䒰䎐 䐠䍐䎰䍐䑀䏠䏐.䇰䐀䍐䍀䏀䍐䐠䏠䏀 䎀䐐䐐䎰䍐䍀䏠䌠䌀䏐䎀䓰 – 䏀䏠䌐䎀䎰䓀䏐䒰䎐 䐠䍐䎰䍐䑀䏠䏐 䎠䌀䎠 䑀䌀䎠䐠䏠䐀 䌠䎰䎀䓰䏐䎀䓰 䏐䌀 䐐䏠䍰䏐䌀䏐䎀䍐

䏀䏠䎰䏠䍀䔐䍠䎀.䉠䍐䎰䓀 䎀䐐䐐䎰䍐䍀䏠䌠䌀䏐䎀䓰: 䌠䒰䓰䐐䏐䎀䐠䓀: 䌠䎰䎀䓰䍐䐠 䎰䎀 䐐䏠䐠䏠䌠䒰䎐 䐠䍐䎰䍐䑀䏠䏐 䏐䌀 䍰䍀䏠䐀䏠䌠䓀䍐 䑰䍐䎰䏠䌠䍐䎠䌀.䅰䌀䍀䌀䑰䎀 䎀䐐䐐䎰䍐䍀䏠䌠䌀䏐䎀䓰:1. 䇐䌀䎐䐠䎀 䎀䏐䑀䏠䐀䏀䌀䑠䎀䓠 䏠 䐀䌀䍰䌠䎀䐠䎀䎀 䐐䏠䐠䏠䌠䏠䎐 䐐䌠䓰䍰䎀.2. 䆀䐐䐐䎰䍐䍀䏠䌠䌀䏐䎀䍐 䏠䌐䒐䍐䐐䐠䌠䍐䏐䏐䏠䌰䏠 䏀䏐䍐䏐䎀䓰 䏰䏠 䌠䏠䏰䐀䏠䐐䐰 䌠䎰䎀䓰䏐䎀䓰 䏀䏠䌐䎀䎰䓀䏐䏠䌰䏠

䐠䍐䎰䍐䑀䏠䏐䌀 䏐䌀 䍰䍀䏠䐀䏠䌠䓀䍐 䑰䍐䎰䏠䌠䍐䎠䌀 䎀 䎀䍰䐰䑰䍐䏐䎀䍐 䐀䌀䍰䎰䎀䑰䏐䒰䑐 䌠䌀䐀䎀䌀䏐䐠䏠䌠 䎀䐐䏰䏠䎰䓀䍰䏠䌠䌀䏐䎀䓰䐐䏠䐠䏠䌠䏠䎐 䐐䌠䓰䍰䎀 «䍰䌀» 䎀 «䏰䐀䏠䐠䎀䌠».

3. 䈀䌀䍰䐀䌀䌐䏠䐠䌀䐠䓀 䏰䐀䌀䌠䎀䎰䌀 䏰䏠 䎀䐐䏰䏠䎰䓀䍰䏠䌠䌀䏐䎀䓠 䐐䏠䐠䏠䌠䒰䑐 䐠䍐䎰䍐䑀䏠䏐䏠䌠.䄰䎀䏰䏠䐠䍐䍰䌀: 䄠䎰䎀䓰䍐䐠 䎰䎀 䐐䏠䐠䏠䌠䒰䎐 䐠䍐䎰䍐䑀䏠䏐 䏐䌀 䍰䍀䏠䐀䏠䌠䓀䍐 䑰䍐䎰䏠䌠䍐䎠䌀, 䍐䐐䎰䎀 䍀䌀, 䐠䏠 䎠䌀䎠

䐰䌐䍐䐀䍐䑰䓀 䐐䍐䌐䓰 䏠䐠 䏠䐠䐀䎀䑠䌀䐠䍐䎰䓀䏐䏠䌰䏠 䌠䎰䎀䓰䏐䎀䓰 䐐䏠䐠䏠䌠䏠䌰䏠 䐠䍐䎰䍐䑀䏠䏐䌀?䇀䍐䐠䏠䍀䒰 䎀䐐䐐䎰䍐䍀䏠䌠䌀䏐䎀䓰: 䏠䏰䐀䏠䐐, 䏐䌀䌐䎰䓠䍀䍐䏐䎀䍐, 䌀䏐䌀䎰䎀䍰.䇰䎰䌀䏐 䐀䌀䌐䏠䐠䒰:1. 䆀䐐䐠䏠䐀䎀䓰 䐐䏠䍰䍀䌀䏐䎀䓰 䏀䏠䌐䎀䎰䓀䏐䒰䑐 䐠䍐䎰䍐䑀䏠䏐䏠䌠.2. 䈠䎀䏰䒰 䐐䏠䌠䐀䍐䏀䍐䏐䏐䒰䑐 䏀䏠䌐䎀䎰䓀䏐䒰䑐 䐠䍐䎰䍐䑀䏠䏐䏠䌠.3. 䈐䏠䐠䏠䌠䌀䓰 䐐䌠䓰䍰䓀 䌠 䏐䌀䐐䐠䏠䓰䒐䍐䍐 䌠䐀䍐䏀䓰.4. 䇰䎰䓠䐐䒰 䎀 䏀䎀䏐䐰䐐䒰 䏀䏠䌐䎀䎰䓀䏐䒰䑐 䐠䍐䎰䍐䑀䏠䏐䏠䌠.5. 䇀䏠䌐䎀䎰䓀䏐䒰䍐 䐠䍐䎰䍐䑀䏠䏐䒰 䎀 䎀䑐 䌠䎰䎀䓰䏐䎀䍐 䏐䌀 䍀䍐䐠䍐䎐.6. 䇀䍐䍀䎀䑠䎀䏐䐐䎠䎀䍐 䎀䐐䐐䎰䍐䍀䏠䌠䌀䏐䎀䓰.7. 䅰䌀䎠䎰䓠䑰䍐䏐䎀䍐.8. 䆀䐐䐠䏠䑰䏐䎀䎠䎀 䎀䏐䑀䏠䐀䏀䌀䑠䎀䎀.䇐䌀䏀䎀 䏰䐀䏠䌠䍐䍀䍐䏐䒰 䐐䏠䑠䎀䏠䎰䏠䌰䎀䑰䍐䐐䎠䎀䍐 䏠䏰䐀䏠䐐䒰 䐐䐀䍐䍀䎀: 䐰䑰䍐䏐䎀䎠䏠䌠 䐐䏠䌐䐐䐠䌠䍐䏐䏐䏠䎐 䒀䎠䏠䎰䒰

(7- 11 䎠䎰䌀䐐䐐䒰), 䐰䑰䎀䐠䍐䎰䍐䎐, 䐀䏠䍀䐐䐠䌠䍐䏐䏐䎀䎠䏠䌠.䇠䐐䏐䏠䌠䏐䒰䍐 䐀䍐䍰䐰䎰䓀䐠䌀䐠䒰 䎀 䌠䒰䌠䏠䍀䒰: 䏀䒰 䐰䌐䍐䍀䎀䎰䎀䐐䓀, 䑰䐠䏠 䏰䐀䌀䎠䐠䎀䑰䍐䐐䎠䎀 䌠䐐䍐 䎰䓠䍀䎀,

䎠䏠䐠䏠䐀䒰䑐 䏀䒰 䏠䏰䐀䏠䐐䎀䎰䎀, 䍰䌀䌠䎀䐐䎀䏀䒰 䏠䐠 䏀䏠䌐䎀䎰䓀䏐䒰䑐 䐠䍐䎰䍐䑀䏠䏐䏠䌠. 䇀䏠䌐䎀䎰䓀䏐䒰䎐 䐠䍐䎰䍐䑀䏠䏐 䐐䐠䌀䎰䏰䐀䍐䍀䏀䍐䐠䏠䏀 䎠䐰䎰䓀䐠䌀: 䐠䏠䐠, 䎠䐠䏠 䍐䌰䏠 䏐䍐 䎀䏀䍐䍐䐠, 䑐䏠䑰䍐䐠 䎀䏀 䏠䌐䎰䌀䍀䌀䐠䓀.

䄐䍐䍰䐰䐐䎰䏠䌠䏐䏠, 䏀䏠䍠䏐䏠 䐰䐠䌠䍐䐀䍠䍀䌀䐠䓀, 䑰䐠䏠 䏀䏠䌐䎀䎰䓀䏐䒰䍐 䐠䍐䎰䍐䑀䏠䏐䒰 䍀䍐䎐䐐䐠䌠䎀䐠䍐䎰䓀䏐䏠 䌠䎰䎀䓰䓠䐠䏐䌀 䍰䍀䏠䐀䏠䌠䓀䍐 䑰䍐䎰䏠䌠䍐䎠䌀 䎀, 䏰䏠 䏐䍐䎠䏠䐠䏠䐀䒰䏀 䍀䌀䏐䏐䒰䏀, 䌠䒰䍰䒰䌠䌀䓠䐠 䏠䏐䎠䏠䎰䏠䌰䎀䑰䍐䐐䎠䎀䍐 䍰䌀䌐䏠䎰䍐䌠䌀䏐䎀䓰.

䆀䐐䐠䏠䑰䏐䎀䎠䎀 䎀䏐䑀䏠䐀䏀䌀䑠䎀䎀.1. http://en.wikipedia.org2. http://www.ehow.com/about_5454493_pros-cons-mobile-phones.html3. http://www.safetyweb.com/teens-and-mobile-phones4. 䄀.䄀.䆰䍐䏠䏐䏠䌠䎀䑰, 䇠.䄰.䉐䎀䏐䏐. 䋰 䏰䏠䍰䏐䌀䓠 䏀䎀䐀: 䅀䍐䐠䐐䎠䌀䓰 䓐䏐䑠䎀䎠䎰䏠䏰䍐䍀䎀䓰: 䉀䎀䍰䎀䎠䌀. –

䇀.: «䄀䈐䈠», 1996䌰

䈠䍐䏀䌀 䐀䌀䌐䏠䐠䒰: 䑀䎀䎰䓀䏀䒰 䏠 䅀䍠䍐䎐䏀䐐䍐 䄐䏠䏐䍀䍐. 䇰䐀䎀䑰䎀䏐䌀 䐰䐐䏰䍐䑐䌀

䈰䑰䌀䐐䐠䏐䎀䎠: 䉰䍐䐀䌠䏠䏐䏐䌀䓰 䅀䍠䐰䎰䎀䓰, 9 䌐 䎠䎰䌀䐐䐐, 䄰䄐䇠䈰䈐䇠䊀 № 254䈀䐰䎠䏠䌠䏠䍀䎀䐠䍐䎰䓀: 䇀䌀䐀䐰䐐䏠䌠䌀 䈐.䋠.

䇠䌐䏠䐐䏐䏠䌠䌀䏐䎀䍐 䌠䒰䌐䏠䐀䌀 䐠䍐䏀䒰: 䆠䌀䍠䍀䒰䎐 䍰䏐䌀䍐䐠 䏠䌐 䌀䏐䌰䎰䎀䎐䐐䎠䏠䏀 䌀䌰䍐䏐䐠䍐 007. 䇰䍐䐀䌠䌀䓰 䎠䏐䎀䌰䌀䏠 䏐䍐䏀 䌠䒰䒀䎰䌀 䌠 䍀䌀䎰䍐䎠䏠䏀 䌠 1953 䌰䏠䍀䐰. 䄀䌠䐠䏠䐀䏠䏀 䎀䍰䌠䍐䐐䐠䏐䏠䎐 䌐䏠䏐䍀䎀䌀䏐䒰 䓰䌠䎰䓰䍐䐠䐐䓰 䌀䏐䌰䎰䎀䎐䐐䎠䎀䎐䏰䎀䐐䌀䐠䍐䎰䓀-䋰䏐 䉀䎰䍐䏀䏀䎀䏐䌰. 䅰䌀 䌠䐐䓠 䐐䌠䏠䓠 䍠䎀䍰䏐䓀 䏠䏐 䏐䌀䏰䎀䐐䌀䎰 14 䎠䏐䎀䌰 䏠 䐐䐰䏰䍐䐀䒀䏰䎀䏠䏐䍐! 䇐䌀䏰䐀䏠䐠䓰䍠䍐䏐䎀䎀 䐰䍠䍐 䏐䍐 䏠䍀䏐䏠䌰䏠 䍀䍐䐐䓰䐠䎠䌀 䎰䍐䐠 䑀䎀䎰䓀䏀䒰, 䐐䏐䓰䐠䒰䍐 䏰䏠 䎠䏐䎀䌰䌀䏀 䓰䌠䎰䓰䓠䐠䐐䓰 䏠䍀䏐䎀䏀䎀

15Àíãëèéñêèé ÿçûê

XIV 䇐䌀䐰䑰䏐䏠-䏰䐀䌀䎠䐠䎀䑰䍐䐐䎠䌀䓰 䎠䏠䏐䑀䍐䐀䍐䏐䑠䎀䓰 䐰䑰䌀䒐䎀䑐䐐䓰 䆠䎀䐀䏠䌠䐐䎠䏠䌰䏠 䐀䌀䎐䏠䏐䌀

䎀䍰 䐐䌀䏀䒰䑐 䏰䏠䏰䐰䎰䓰䐀䏐䒰䑐 䌠 䏀䎀䐀䍐. 䆠䌀䍠䍀䒰䎐 䑀䎀䎰䓀䏀 䏰䐀䎀䏐䏠䐐䎀䐠 䏠䌰䐀䏠䏀䏐䍐䎐䒀䎀䎐 䍀䏠䑐䏠䍀 䎀䐐䐠䌀䏐䏠䌠䎀䐠䐐䓰 䏰䏠䏰䐰䎰䓰䐀䏐䒰䏀 䎠䌀䎠 䐐䐀䍐䍀䎀 䏰䏠䍀䐀䏠䐐䐠䎠䏠䌠, 䐠䌀䎠 䎀 䐐䐀䍐䍀䎀 䎰䓠䍀䍐䎐 䐐䐠䌀䐀䒀䍐䌰䏠 䏰䏠䎠䏠䎰䍐䏐䎀䓰.

䈐 䌠䒰䑐䏠䍀䏠䏀 䌠 䐐䌠䍐䐠 䑀䎀䎰䓀䏀䏠䌠 䏰䏠䓰䌠䎰䓰䓠䐠䐐䓰 䐀䌀䍰䎰䎀䑰䏐䒰䍐 䎰䏠䌰䏠䐠䎀䏰䒰, 䐐䐰䌠䍐䏐䎀䐀䒰, 䏰䏠䐐䐠䍐䐀䒰 䎀䏀䏐䏠䌰䏠䍐 䍀䐀䐰䌰䏠䍐 䐐 䎰䏠䌰䏠䐠䎀䏰䌀䏀䎀 䌀䏐䌰䎰䎀䎐䐐䎠䏠䌰䏠 䌀䌰䍐䏐䐠䌀. 䆰䓠䍀䓰䏀 䐐䏠 䌠䐐䍐䌰䏠 䏀䎀䐀䌀 䎀䍰䌠䍐䐐䐠䏐䒰 䎰䍐䌰䍐䏐䍀䌀䐀䏐䒰䍐䐐䌀䐰䏐䍀䐠䐀䍐䎠䎀 䎠 䑀䎀䎰䓀䏀䌀䏀 “䌐䏠䏐䍀䎀䌀䏐䒰”. 䇠䌐䒠䍐䎠䐠 䎀 䏰䐀䍐䍀䏀䍐䐠 䎀䐐䐐䎰䍐䍀䏠䌠䌀䏐䎀䓰: 䑀䎀䎰䓀䏀䒰 䏠 䅀䍠䍐䎐䏀䐐䍐 䄐䏠䏐䍀䍐.

䇠䌐䒠䍐䎠䐠 䎀䐐䐐䎰䍐䍀䏠䌠䌀䏐䎀䓰: 䑀䎀䎰䓀䏀䒰 䏠 䅀䍠䍐䎐䏀䐐䍐 䄐䏠䏐䍀䍐.䇰䐀䍐䍀䏀䍐䐠 䎀䐐䐐䎰䍐䍀䏠䌠䌀䏐䎀䓰: 䑀䎀䎰䓀䏀䒰 䏠 䅀䍠䍐䎐䏀䐐䍐 䄐䏠䏐䍀䍐, 䎠䌀䎠 䏠䍀䏐䎀 䎀䍰 䐐䌀䏀䒰䑐 䐰䐐䏰䍐䒀䏐䒰䑐 䌠 䏀䎀䐀䍐.䉠䍐䎰䓀 䎀䐐䐐䎰䍐䍀䏠䌠䌀䏐䎀䓰:1)䇰䐀䏠䌀䏐䌀䎰䎀䍰䎀䐀䏠䌠䌀䐠䓀 䎀䐐䐠䏠䐀䎀䓠 䏰䏠䓰䌠䎰䍐䏐䎀䓰 䑀䎀䎰䓀䏀䏠䌠 䏠 䐐䐰䏰䍐䐀䌀䌰䍐䏐䐠䍐 䎀 䌠䐐䍐 䎀䑐 䏠䐐䏠䌐䍐䏐䏐䏠䐐䐠䎀.2) 䇰䐀䏠䌠䍐䐐䐠䎀 䎀䐐䐐䎰䍐䍀䏠䌠䌀䏐䎀䍐 䏠䌐䒐䍐䐐䐠䌠䍐䏐䏐䏠䌰䏠 䏀䏐䍐䏐䎀䓰 䏰䏠 䏠䐠䏐䏠䒀䍐䏐䎀䓠 䎠 䑀䎀䎰䓀䏀䌀䏀 «䌐䏠䏐䍀䎀䌀䏐䒰».3) 䄠䒰䓰䌠䎀䐠䓀 䐐䍐䎠䐀䍐䐠 䐐䏐䏠䌰䐐䒀䎀䌐䌀䐠䍐䎰䓀䏐䏠䌰䏠 䐰䐐䏰䍐䑐䌀 䎀 䎀䍰䌠䍐䐐䐠䏐䏠䐐䐠䎀 䑀䎀䎰䓀䏀䏠䌠 䏠 䅀䍠䍐䎐䏀䐐䍐 䄐䏠䏐䍀䍐.䄰䎀䏰䏠䐠䍐䍰䌀: 䑀䎀䎰䓀䏀䒰 䏠 䐐䐰䏰䍐䐀䌀䌰䍐䏐䐠䍐 䌐䍐䍰䏀䍐䐀䏐䏠 䐰䐐䏰䍐䒀䏐䒰, 䌠 䌰䎰䌀䌠䏐䒰䑐 䐀䏠䎰䓰䑐 䐐䏐䎀䏀䌀䓠䐠䐐䓰

䌠䍐䍀䐰䒐䎀䍐 䌀䎠䐠䍐䐀䒰, 䐐䌀䐰䏐䍀䐠䐀䍐䎠䎀 䍰䌀䏰䎀䐐䒰䌠䌀䓠䐠 䎀䍰䌠䍐䐐䐠䏐䒰䍐 䏰䍐䌠䑠䒰. 䄠 䑰䍐䏀 䐐䍐䎠䐀䍐䐠 䐰䐐䏰䍐䒀䏐䏠䐐䐠䎀?䇰䎰䌀䏐 䐀䌀䌐䏠䐠䒰:1. 䇰䏠䓰䌠䎰䍐䏐䎀䍐 䎀䍀䍐䎀 䏐䌀䏰䎀䐐䌀䏐䎀䓰 䎠䏐䎀䌰䎀.2. 䇰䐀䍐䌠䐀䌀䒐䍐䏐䎀䍐 䎠䏐䎀䌰 䌠 䑀䎀䎰䓀䏀䒰.3. 䇰䏠䍀䌐䏠䐀䎠䌀 䌀䎠䐠䍐䐀䏠䌠.䇰䐀䎀䌠䒰䑰䎠䎀 䎀 䏠䐐䏠䌐䍐䏐䏐䏠䐐䐠䎀 䌰䎰䌀䌠䏐䏠䌰䏠 䌰䍐䐀䏠䓰, 䎠䏠䐠䏠䐀䒰䎐 䏰䐀䎀䌠䎰䍐䎠䌀䍐䐠 䎀䏐䐠䍐䐀䍐䐐 䍰䐀䎀䐠䍐䎰䍐䎐.䇠䏰䐀䏠䐐 䐐䌠䍐䐀䐐䐠䏐䎀䎠䏠䌠, 䐰䑰䎀䐠䍐䎰䍐䎐 䎀 䐀䏠䍀䎀䐠䍐䎰䍐䎐 䏐䌀 䐠䍐䏀䐰 䑀䎀䎰䓀䏀䏠䌠 䏠䌐 䌀䍐䏐䐠䍐 007.䅰䌀䎠䎰䓠䑰䍐䏐䎀䍐 䎀 䌠䒰䌠䏠䍀䒰.䇀䏐䏠䓠 䏰䐀䏠䌠䍐䍀䍐䏐䒰 䐐䏠䑠䎀䏠䎰䏠䌰䎀䑰䍐䐐䎠䎀䍐 䏠䏰䐀䏠䐐䒰 䐐䐀䍐䍀䎀: 䐰䑰䍐䏐䎀䎠䏠䌠 䐐䏠䌐䐐䐠䌠䍐䏐䏐䏠䎐 䒀䎠䏠䎰䒰

(8-9 䎠䎰䌀䐐䐐䒰), 䐰䑰䎀䐠䍐䎰䓰, 䐀䏠䍀䎀䐠䍐䎰䎀.䇠䐐䏐䏠䌠䏐䒰䍐 䐀䍐䍰䐰䎰䓀䐠䌀䐠䒰 䎀 䌠䒰䌠䏠䍀䒰: 䋰 䐰䌐䍐䍀䎀䎰䌀䐐䓀, 䑰䐠䏠 䏰䐀䌀䎠䐠䎀䑰䍐䐐䎠䎀 䌠䐐䍐 䏠䏰䐀䏠䒀䍐䏐䏐䒰䍐

䎰䓠䍀䎀 䐐䏀䏠䐠䐀䍐䎰䎀 䑀䎀䎰䓀䏀䒰 䏠 䅀䍠䍐䎐䏀䐐䍐 䄐䏠䏐䍀䍐 䎀 䏠䐠 䏰䐀䏠䐐䏀䏠䐠䐀䌀 䏰䏠䎰䐰䑰䎀䎰䎀 䏰䏠䎰䏠䍠䎀䐠䍐䎰䓀䏐䒰䍐䓐䏀䏠䑠䎀䎀 䎀 䏀䏠䐀䍐 䐰䍀䏠䌠䏠䎰䓀䐐䐠䌠䎀䓰. 䄠 䐀䍐䍰䐰䎰䓀䐠䌀䐠䍐 䏠䌐䏠䌐䒐䍐䏐䎀䓰 䐐䏠䌐䐀䌀䏐䏐䏠䌰䏠 䏀䌀䐠䍐䐀䎀䌀䎰䌀 䌠䒰䓰䌠䎰䍐䏐䏠,䑰䐠䏠 䐐䍐䎠䐀䍐䐠 䐰䐐䏰䍐䑐䌀 䍰䌀䎠䎰䓠䑰䌀䍐䐠䐐䓰 䌠 䏠䐠䎰䎀䑰䏐䏠䎐 䏰䏠䍀䌐䏠䐀䎠䍐 䌀䎠䐠䍐䐀䏠䌠 䎀 䏀䐰䍰䒰䎠䎀, 䏐䌀䎰䎀䑰䎀䎀 䏠䐐䐠䐀䏠䌰䏠䐐䓠䍠䍐䐠䌀 䐐 䏐䍐䏠䍠䎀䍀䌀䏐䏐䏠䎐 䐀䌀䍰䌠䓰䍰䎠䏠䎐, 䎠䌀䑰䍐䐐䐠䌠䍐䏐䏐䒰䑐 䐐䏰䍐䑠䓐䑀䑀䍐䎠䐠䏠䌠 䎀, 䎠䏠䏐䍐䑰䏐䏠 䍠䍐 䏐䌀䎰䎀䑰䎀䎀䍰䎰䏠䌐䏠䍀䏐䍐䌠䏐䒰䑐 䏰䐀䏠䌐䎰䍐䏀 䌠 䑀䎀䎰䓀䏀䍐, 䎠䏠䐠䏠䐀䒰䍐 䏰䐀䎀䌠䎰䍐䎠䌀䓠䐠 䍰䐀䎀䐠䍐䎰䍐䎐 䎠 䏰䐀䏠䐐䏀䏠䐠䐀䐰.

䆀䐐䐠䏠䑰䏐䎀䎠䎀 䎀䏐䑀䏠䐀䏀䌀䑠䎀䎀:1. http://ru.wikipedia.org2. http://www.007.com3. http://james-bond.ru/

䈠䍐䏀䌀 䐀䌀䌐䏠䐠䒰: 䄀䏐䌰䎰䎀䎐䐐䎠䌀䓰 䎠䐰䑐䏐䓰

䈰䑰䌀䐐䐠䏐䎀䎠䎀: 䄠䏠䎰䎠䏠䌠 䈐䍐䐀䌰䍐䎐., 䊀䍐䐐䐠䍐䐀䎠䎀䏐䌀 䈰䎰䓀䓰䏐䌀., 9 䎠䎰䌀䐐䐐, 䄰䄐䇠䈰 䌰䎀䏀䏐䌀䍰䎀䓰 № 261䈀䐰䎠䏠䌠䏠䍀䎀䐠䍐䎰䓀: 䆠䌀䍰䌀䎠䏠䌠䌀 䈠䌀䐠䓀䓰䏐䌀 䉀䍐䍀䏠䐀䏠䌠䏐䌀, 䐰䑰䎀䐠䍐䎰䓀 䌀䏐䌰䎰䎀䎐䐐䎠䏠䌰䏠 䓰䍰䒰䎠䌀

䄠䒰䌐䏠䐀 䐠䍐䏀䒰 䏠䏰䐀䍐䍀䍐䎰䓰䍐䐠䐐䓰 䌠䏠䍰䐀䌀䐐䐠䌀䓠䒐䎀䏀 䎀䏐䐠䍐䐀䍐䐐䏠䏀 䎠 䎠䐰䎰䓀䐠䐰䐀䍐 䄠䍐䎰䎀䎠䏠䌐䐀䎀䐠䌀䏐䎀䎀䎀, 䌠 䑰䌀䐐䐠䏐䏠䐐䐠䎀, 䎠 䍐䍐 䏐䌀䑠䎀䏠䏐䌀䎰䓀䏐䏠䎐 䎠䐰䑐䏐䍐, 䎠䌀䎠 䐐䏠䐐䐠䌀䌠䎰䓰䓠䒐䍐䏀䐰 䓐䎰䍐䏀䍐䏐䐠䐰 䓐䐠䏠䎐 䎠䐰䎰䓀䐠䐰䐀䒰.䈐䐰䒐䍐䐐䐠䌠䐰䍐䐠 䏰䐀䍐䍀䌠䍰䓰䐠䏠䍐 䏀䏐䍐䏐䎀䍐, 䑰䐠䏠 䌀䏐䌰䎰䎀䎐䐐䎠䌀䓰 䎠䐰䑐䏐䓰 䓰䌠䎰䓰䍐䐠䐐䓰 䏐䍐 䐠䏠䎰䓀䎠䏠䏰䐀䎀䏀䎀䐠䎀䌠䏐䏠䎐, 䏐䏠 䎀 䏰䏠䍀䐀䌀䍠䌀䐠䍐䎰䓀䏐䏠䎐. 䈠䍐䏀 䏐䍐 䏀䍐䏐䍐䍐, 䐰 䌀䏐䌰䎰䎀䑰䌀䏐 䏐䍐䐠 䏐䎀䎠䌀䎠䎀䑐 䏠䐐䏐䏠䌠䌀䏐䎀䎐䐐䐠䒰䍀䎀䐠䓀䐐䓰 䍐䍐 䏐䎀 䐐 䐠䏠䑰䎠䎀 䍰䐀䍐䏐䎀䓰 䍐䍐 䏠䐀䎀䌰䎀䏐䌀䎰䓀䏐䏠䐐䐠䎀, 䏐䎀 䐐 䐠䏠䑰䎠䎀 䍰䐀䍐䏐䎀䓰 䍐䍐 䎀䏐䌰䐀䍐䍀䎀䍐䏐䐠䏠䌠.

䇠䌐䒠䍐䎠䐠 䎀 䏰䐀䍐䍀䏀䍐䐠 䎀䐐䐐䎰䍐䍀䏠䌠䌀䏐䎀䓰: 䄐䐀䎀䐠䌀䏐䑠䒰 䎀 䎀䑐 䎠䐰䑐䏐䓰 䎠䌀䎠 䐐䐰䒐䍐䐐䐠䌠䍐䏐䏐䒰䎐 䓐䎰䍐䏀䍐䏐䐠䎠䐰䎰䓀䐠䐰䐀䒰.

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XIV 䇐䌀䐰䑰䏐䏠-䏰䐀䌀䎠䐠䎀䑰䍐䐐䎠䌀䓰 䎠䏠䏐䑀䍐䐀䍐䏐䑠䎀䓰 䐰䑰䌀䒐䎀䑐䐐䓰 䆠䎀䐀䏠䌠䐐䎠䏠䌰䏠 䐀䌀䎐䏠䏐䌀

Àíãëèéñêèé ÿçûê

䉠䍐䎰䓀 䎀䐐䐐䎰䍐䍀䏠䌠䌀䏐䎀䓰: 䌀䏐䌀䎰䎀䍰 䐐䏰䍐䑠䎀䑀䎀䎠䎀 䐐䏠䌠䐀䍐䏀䍐䏐䏐䏠䎐 䌀䏐䌰䎰䎀䎐䐐䎠䏠䎐 䎠䐰䑐䏐䎀 䎀 䍐䍐 䏠䐠䎰䎀䑰䎀䎐䏠䐠 䎠䏠䏐䐠䎀䏐䍐䏐䐠䌀䎰䓀䏐䏠䎐 䎠䐰䑐䏐䎀.

䅰䌀䍀䌀䑰䎀 䎀䐐䐐䎰䍐䍀䏠䌠䌀䏐䎀䓰:1).䄠䒰䓰䌠䎀䐠䓀 䐀䍐䑠䍐䏰䐠䐰䐀䏐䒰䍐 䏠䐐䏠䌐䍐䏐䏐䏠䐐䐠䎀 䌀䏐䌰䎰䎀䎐䐐䎠䎀䑐 䌐䎰䓠䍀;2).䇠䑐䌀䐀䌀䎠䐠䍐䐀䎀䍰䏠䌠䌀䐠䓀 䐐䏰䍐䑠䎀䑀䎀䎠䐰 䏰䐀䎀䍐䏀䌀 䏰䎀䒐䎀 䌠 䄀䏐䌰䎰䎀䎀;3). 䆀䐐䐐䎰䍐䍀䏠䌠䌀䐠䓀 䏠䐐䏐䏠䌠䏐䒰䍐 䏠䐠䎰䎀䑰䎀䓰 䌀䏐䌰䎰䎀䎐䐐䎠䏠䎐 䎠䐰䑐䏐䎀 䏠䐠 䎠䏠䏐䐠䎀䏐䍐䏐䐠䌀䎰䓀䏐䏠䎐.䈠䎀䏰 䐀䌀䌐䏠䐠䒰: 䐀䍐䑀䍐䐀䌀䐠䎀䌠䏐䌀䓰 䐀䌀䌐䏠䐠䌀 䐐 䎀䐐䐐䎰䍐䍀䏠䌠䌀䐠䍐䎰䓀䐐䎠䎀䏀 䎠䏠䏀䏰䏠䏐䍐䏐䐠䏠䏀.䄰䎀䏰䏠䐠䍐䍰䌀: 䐰䏐䎀䎠䌀䎰䓀䏐䏠䐐䐠䓀 䌀䏐䌰䎰䎀䎐䐐䎠䏠䎐 䎠䐰䑐䏐䎀 䏠䌐䐰䐐䎰䏠䌠䎰䍐䏐䌀 䏐䌀䑠䎀䏠䏐䌀䎰䓀䏐䒰䏀䎀

䐠䐀䌀䍀䎀䑠䎀䓰䏀䎀 䌰䏠䐐䐰䍀䌀䐀䐐䐠䌠䌀 䎀 䍐䌰䏠 䌰䍐䏠䌰䐀䌀䑀䎀䑰䍐䐐䎠䎀䏀 䏰䏠䎰䏠䍠䍐䏐䎀䍐䏀䆀䐐䏰䏠䎰䓀䍰䐰䍐䏀䒰䍐 䏀䍐䐠䏠䍀䒰:1. 䇰䏠䎀䐐䎠 䎀 䏠䌐䐀䌀䌐䏠䐠䎠䌀 䎀䏐䑀䏠䐀䏀䌀䑠䎀䎀2. 䇰䍐䐀䍐䌠䏠䍀䒰 䐠䍐䎠䐐䐠䏠䌠 (䐐䏠䌐䐐䐠䌠䍐䏐䏐䒰䍐).3. 䄀䏐䎠䍐䐠䎀䐀䏠䌠䌀䏐䎀䍐 䏠䍀䏐䏠䎠䎰䌀䐐䐐䏐䎀䎠䏠䌠 䏐䌀 䏰䐀䍐䍀䏀䍐䐠 䎀䑐 䍰䏐䌀䎠䏠䏀䐐䐠䌠䌀 䐐 䌐䎰䓠䍀䌀䏀䎀 䌀䏐䌰䎰䎀䎐䐐䎠䏠䎐 䎠䐰䑐䏐䎀䆰䏠䌰䎀䎠䌀 䎀䍰䎰䏠䍠䍐䏐䎀䓰 䐠䍐䏀䒰1. 䄐䎰䓠䍀䌀 䌐䐀䎀䐠䌀䏐䐐䎠䏠䎐 䎠䐰䑐䏐䎀.2. 䇰䐀䎀䍐䏀 䏰䎀䒐䎀.3. 䇠䐠䎰䎀䑰䎀䓰 䌐䐀䎀䐠䌀䏐䐐䎠䏠䎐 䎠䐰䑐䏐䎀 䏠䐠 䎠䏠䏐䐠䎀䏐䍐䏐䐠䌀䎰䓀䏐䏠䎐.4. 䇠䐐䏠䌐䒰䍐 䏐䌀䏰䎀䐠䎠䎀.䇠䏰䎀䐐䌀䏐䎀䍐 䐐䏠䌐䐐䐠䌠䍐䏐䏐䏠䌰䏠 䌠䎠䎰䌀䍀䌀 䌠 䐀䌀䍰䐀䌀䌐䏠䐠䎠䐰 䐠䍐䏀䒰䇠䌐䏠䌐䒐䍐䏐䎀䍐 䎀 䎠䎰䌀䐐䐐䎀䑀䎀䎠䌀䑠䎀䓰 䎀䏐䑀䏠䐀䏀䌀䑠䎀䎀, 䎠䌀䐐䌀䓠䒐䍐䎐䐐䓰 䌐䐀䎀䐠䌀䏐䐐䎠䏠䎐 䎠䐰䑐䏐䎀, 䐐

䌀䎠䑠䍐䏐䐠䏠䏀 䏐䌀 䍐䍐 䐰䏐䎀䎠䌀䎰䓀䏐䏠䐐䐠䓀 䎀 䏠䐐䏠䌐䒰䍐 䍀䏠䐐䐠䏠䎀䏐䐐䐠䌠䌀. 䄀䏐䌀䎰䎀䍰 䏠䐠䎰䎀䑰䎀䎐 䏰䐀䏠䍀䐰䎠䐠䏠䌠䏠䍀䏐䏠䌰䏠 䐀䓰䍀䌀 䌠 䄐䐀䎀䐠䌀䏐䎀䎀 䏠䐠 䎠䏠䏐䐠䎀䏐䍐䏐䐠䌀䎰䓀䏐䒰䑐.

䄠䒰䌠䏠䍀䒰:䄠䍐䎰䎀䎠䏠䌐䐀䎀䐠䌀䏐䎀䓠 䐠䐀䐰䍀䏐䏠 䏰䐀䍐䍀䐐䐠䌀䌠䎀䐠䓀 䌐䍐䍰 䐐䏠䌐䐐䐠䌠䍐䏐䏐䏠䎐 䎠䐰䑐䏐䎀. 䄀䏐䌰䎰䎀䎐䐐䎠䌀䓰 䎠䐰䑐䏐䓰

䐰䏐䎀䎠䌀䎰䓀䏐䌀, 䏠䏐䌀 䏠䌐䎰䌀䍀䌀䍐䐠 䏠䌰䐀䏠䏀䏐䒰䏀 䎠䏠䎰䎀䑰䍐䐐䐠䌠䏠䏀 䌐䎰䓠䍀, 䐐䐰䒐䍐䐐䐠䌠䐰䓠䒐䎀䑐 䐠䏠䎰䓀䎠䏠 䏐䌀䏠䐐䐠䐀䏠䌠䌀䑐. 䄰䍀䍐 䍐䒐䍐 䏠䌐䍠䌀䐀䎀䌠䌀䓠䐠 䎠䌀䐀䐠䏠䑀䍐䎰䓀, 䏰䏠䎰䏠䍠䎀䌠 䍐䌰䏠 䏰䏠䍀 䎰䏠䏰䌀䐠䏠䑰䏐䐰䓠 䑰䌀䐐䐠䓀 䎀䎰䎀䎠䐰䐐䏠䎠 䏐䏠䌰䎀? 䄀 䌠䎠䐰䐐䏐䍐䎐䒀䎀䍐 䎠䌀䐀䐠䏠䑀䍐䎰䓀䏐䒰䍐 䏰䎀䐀䏠䌰䎀, 䑰䐠䏠 䐐䐠䐀䓰䏰䌀䓠䐠 䏐䌀 䐐䍐䌠䍐䐀䍐 䄀䏐䌰䎰䎀䎀?䇀䏠䎰䏠䍀䌀䓰 䎠䌀䐀䐠䏠䒀䎠䌀 䌠䒰䑐䏠䍀䎀䐠 䌠䎠䐰䐐䏐䍐䍐 䌠䐐䍐䌰䏠, 䍐䐐䎰䎀 䌰䏠䐠䏠䌠䎀䐠䓀 䍐䍐 䏰䏠-䌀䏐䌰䎰䎀䎐䐐䎠䎀—䐠䏠 䍐䐐䐠䓀䏠䐠䌠䌀䐀䎀䐠䓀 䐐 䏀䓰䐠䏠䎐, 䌀 䍰䌀䐠䍐䏀 䏰䏠䍀䌀䐠䓀 䏐䌀 䐐䐠䏠䎰 䐐 䐀䌀䐐䐠䏠䏰䎰䍐䏐䏐䒰䏀 䏀䌀䐐䎰䏠䏀 䎀䎰䎀 䏀䌀䐀䌰䌀䐀䎀䏐䏠䏀. 䆀䓐䐠䏠 䐠䏠䎰䓀䎠䏠 䎠䌀䐀䐠䏠䑀䍐䎰䓀, 䏐䍐 䐐䑰䎀䐠䌀䓰 䌠䐐䍐䌰䏠 䏠䐐䐠䌀䎰䓀䏐䏠䌰䏠!

䆀䏐䑀䏠䐀䏀䌀䑠䎀䏠䏐䏐䒰䍐 䎀䐐䐠䏠䑰䏐䎀䎠䎀:1. Neil Tonge: “Terrible Tudors”, Scolastic, 20072. Terry Deary: “Vile victorians”, Scholastic, 2007

䈠䍐䏀䌀 䐀䌀䌐䏠䐠䒰: «䈐䐠䌀䏐䏠䌠䎰䍐䏐䎀䍐 䎀 䐀䌀䍰䌠䎀䐠䎀䍐 䏰䎀䐐䓀䏀䍐䏐䏐䏠䐐䐠䎀䌀䏐䌰䎰䎀䎐䐐䎠䏠䌰䏠 䓰䍰䒰䎠䌀»

䈰䑰䌀䐐䐠䏐䎀䎠: 䄰䍐䐀䎀䎰䏠䌠䎀䑰 䄀䐀䐐䍐䏐䎀䎐 10䌀 䎠䎰䌀䐐䐐, 䄰䄐䇠䈰 䄰䎀䏀䏐䌀䍰䎀䓰 261䈀䐰䎠䏠䌠䏠䍀䎀䐠䍐䎰䓀: 䇐䏠䌠䎀䑠䎠䌀䓰 䇀.䇀., 䐰䑰䎀䐠䍐䎰䓀 䌀䏐䌰䎰䎀䎐䐐䎠䏠䌰䏠 䓰䍰䒰䎠䌀

䇰䐀䎀 䎀䍰䐰䑰䍐䏐䎀䎀 䌀䏐䌰䎰䎀䎐䐐䎠䏠䌰䏠 䓰䍰䒰䎠䌀 䎠䌀䍠䍀䒰䎐 䑰䍐䎰䏠䌠䍐䎠, 䐠䌀䎠 䎀䎰䎀 䎀䏐䌀䑰䍐, 䐐䐠䌀䎰䎠䎀䌠䌀䍐䐠䐐䓰䐐 䏐䍐䐐䏠䏠䐠䌠䍐䐠䐐䐠䌠䎀䍐䏀 䍰䌠䐰䎠䏠䌠䏠䌰䏠 䎀 䍰䐀䎀䐠䍐䎰䓀䏐䏠䌰䏠 䏠䌐䐀䌀䍰䌀 䐐䎰䏠䌠䌀. 䄠 䐐䌠䓰䍰䎀 䐐 䌀䎠䐠䎀䌠䏐䒰䏀䐀䌀䍰䌠䎀䐠䎀䍐䏀 䌀䏐䌰䎰䎀䎐䐐䎠䏠䌰䏠 䓰䍰䒰䎠䌀 (䎠 䏰䐀䎀䏀䍐䐀䐰, 䌠 䎀䏐䐠䍐䐀䏐䍐䐠 䍀䎀䐐䎠䐰䐀䐐䍐), 䐐䐠䌀䎰䎠䎀䌠䌀䍐䒀䓀䐐䓰 䐐䏰䏠䓰䌠䎰䍐䏐䎀䍐䏀 䏐䏠䌠䒰䑐 䐐䎀䏀䌠䏠䎰䏠䌠 䎀 䐐 䏐䏠䌠䏠䎐 䑀䏠䐀䏀䏠䎐 䏐䌀䏰䎀䐐䌀䏐䎀䓰 䐐䐠䌀䐀䒰䑐 䐐䎰䏠䌠 䎀, 䌠 䐐䎰䍐䍀䐐䐠䌠䎀䍐䓐䐠䏠䌰䏠, 䍰䌀䍀䌀䍐䒀䓀䐐䓰 䌠䏠䏰䐀䏠䐐䌀䏀䎀, 䏰䏠䑰䍐䏀䐰 䓰䍰䒰䎠 䐀䌀䍰䌠䎀䌠䌀䍐䐠䐐䓰 䎀䏀䍐䏐䏐䏠 䐠䌀䎠, 䏠䐠䎠䐰䍀䌀 䌐䍐䐀䐰䐠䐐䓰

17Àíãëèéñêèé ÿçûê

XIV 䇐䌀䐰䑰䏐䏠-䏰䐀䌀䎠䐠䎀䑰䍐䐐䎠䌀䓰 䎠䏠䏐䑀䍐䐀䍐䏐䑠䎀䓰 䐰䑰䌀䒐䎀䑐䐐䓰 䆠䎀䐀䏠䌠䐐䎠䏠䌰䏠 䐀䌀䎐䏠䏐䌀

䐠䍐 䎀䎰䎀 䎀䏐䒰䍐 䍰䏐䌀䎠䎀, 䌠 䑰䌀䐐䐠䏐䏠䐐䐠䎀, 䑀䏠䏐䍐䐠䎀䑰䍐䐐䎠䎀䍐, 䑰䐠䏠 䌐䒰䎰䏠 䍀䏠 䍐䌰䏠 䐐䏠䌠䐀䍐䏀䍐䏐䏐䏠䌰䏠䏰䎀䐐䓀䏀䍐䏐䏐䏠䌰䏠 䌠䎀䍀䌀 䎀 䎠䌀䎠䎀䍐 䏀䏠䌰䐰䐠 䌐䒰䐠䓀 䍀䌀䎰䓀䏐䍐䎐䒀䎀䍐 䐠䍐䏐䍀䍐䏐䑠䎀䎀 䐀䌀䍰䌠䎀䐠䎀䓰.

䄀䏐䌰䎰䎀䎐䐐䎠䎀䎐 䓰䍰䒰䎠 䎀䐐䏰䏠䎰䓀䍰䐰䍐䐠䐐䓰 䌠 䐀䌀䍰䏐䒰䑐 䐐䏠䑠䎀䌀䎰䓀䏐䒰䑐 䐐䑀䍐䐀䌀䑐 (䏠䌐䐀䌀䍰䏠䌠䌀䏐䎀䍐,䏰䏠䎰䎀䐠䎀䎠䎀, 䌐䎀䍰䏐䍐䐐, 䆀䏐䐠䍐䐀䏐䍐䐠, 䐠䐰䐀䎀䍰䏀), 䏰䏠䓐䐠䏠䏀䐰 䍀䌀䏐䏐䏠䍐 䎀䐐䐐䎰䍐䍀䏠䌠䌀䏐䎀䍐 䎀䏀䍐䍐䐠䏠䏰䐀䍐䍀䍐䎰䍐䏐䏐䐰䓠 䐐䏠䑠䎀䌀䎰䓀䏐䐰䓠 䍰䏐䌀䑰䎀䏀䏠䐐䐠䓀. 䇠䏐䏠 䐰䏰䐀䏠䒐䌀䍐䐠 䏰䏠䏐䎀䏀䌀䏐䎀䍐 䓰䍰䒰䎠䌀, 䏰䏠䌠䒰䒀䌀䍐䐠䐰䐀䏠䌠䍐䏐䓀 䌰䐀䌀䏀䏠䐠䏐䏠䐐䐠䎀, 䐰䌠䍐䎰䎀䑰䎀䌠䌀䍐䐠 䏀䏠䐠䎀䌠䌀䑠䎀䓠 䍀䎰䓰 䌐䏠䎰䍐䍐 䍀䍐䐠䌀䎰䓀䏐䏠䌰䏠 䎀䍰䐰䑰䍐䏐䎀䓰䏰䐀䍐䍀䏀䍐䐠䌀, 䐀䌀䐐䒀䎀䐀䓰䍐䐠 䎠䐀䐰䌰䏠䍰䏠䐀, 䏰䏠䍰䌠䏠䎰䓰䍐䐠 䏰䐀䏠䐐䎰䍐䍠䎀䌠䌀䐠䓀 䐐䑐䏠䍀䐐䐠䌠䌀 䎀 䍰䌀䎠䏠䏐䏠䏀䍐䐀䏐䏠䐐䐠䎀䌠䏠 䌠䐐䍐䎐 䌰䐀䐰䏰䏰䍐 䍐䌠䐀䏠䏰䍐䎐䐐䎠䎀䑐 䓰䍰䒰䎠䏠䌠, 䐰䌠䍐䎰䎀䑰䎀䌠䌀䐠䓀 䍰䏐䌀䏐䎀䓰 䌠 䏠䌐䎰䌀䐐䐠䎀 䎀䐐䐠䏠䐀䎀䎀.

䇠䌐䒠䍐䎠䐠䏠䏀 䐀䌀䌐䏠䐠䒰 䓰䌠䎰䓰䍐䐠䐐䓰 䌀䏐䌰䎰䎀䎐䐐䎠䎀䎐 䓰䍰䒰䎠, 䌀 䏰䐀䍐䍀䏀䍐䐠䏠䏀 – 䐐䐠䌀䏐䏠䌠䎰䍐䏐䎀䍐 䎀䐀䌀䍰䌠䎀䐠䎀䍐 䍐䌰䏠 䏰䎀䐐䓀䏀䍐䏐䏐䏠䎐 䐐䐠䏠䐀䏠䏐䒰.

䉠䍐䎰䓀 䍀䌀䏐䏐䏠䎐 䐀䌀䌐䏠䐠䒰 – 䓐䐠䏠 䎀䐐䐐䎰䍐䍀䏠䌠䌀䏐䎀䍐 䐐䐠䌀䏐䏠䌠䎰䍐䏐䎀䓰 䏰䎀䐐䓀䏀䍐䏐䏐䏠䐐䐠䎀 䓰䍰䒰䎠䌀, 䍰䌀䍀䌀䑰䎀 –䌠䒰䓰䌠䎰䍐䏐䎀䍐 䏰䐀䎀䑰䎀䏐, 䏰䏠䌠䎰䎀䓰䌠䒀䎀䑐 䏐䌀 䐀䌀䍰䌠䎀䐠䎀䍐 䓰䍰䒰䎠䌀, 䎀䍰䐰䑰䍐䏐䎀䍐 䎀䐐䐠䏠䐀䎀䑰䍐䐐䎠䏠䌰䏠 䎠䏠䏐䐠䍐䎠䐐䐠䌀,䌰䎰䐰䌐䏠䎠䏠䍐 䎀䐐䐐䎰䍐䍀䏠䌠䌀䏐䎀䍐 䏰䎀䐐䓀䏀䍐䏐䏐䏠䎐 䐐䏠䐐䐠䌀䌠䎰䓰䓠䒐䍐䎐 䓰䍰䒰䎠䌀, 䌠 䑰䌀䐐䐠䏐䏠䐐䐠䎀, 䐀䐰䏐䒰, 䌐䐰䎠䌠䒰,䑀䏠䏐䍐䐠䎀䑰䍐䐐䎠䎀䍐 䍰䏐䌀䎠䎀, 䌀䎠䐀䏠䏐䎀䏀䒰.

䄰䎰䌀䌠䏐䌀䓰 䎀䍀䍐䓰 䍀䌀䏐䏐䏠䌰䏠 䎀䐐䐐䎰䍐䍀䏠䌠䌀䏐䎀䓰 – 䌀䏐䌰䎰䎀䎐䐐䎠䎀䎐 䓰䍰䒰䎠 䎀䍰䏀䍐䏐䓰䍐䐠䐐䓰 䏐䍐 䐠䏠䎰䓀䎠䏠 䌠䎰䍐䎠䐐䎀䑰䍐䐐䎠䏠䎐 䐐䏠䐐䐠䌀䌠䎰䓰䓠䒐䍐䎐, 䏐䏠 䎀 䐐 䐠䏠䑰䎠䎀 䍰䐀䍐䏐䎀䓰 䏰䎀䐐䓀䏀䍐䏐䏐䏠䎐 䑀䏠䐀䏀䒰.

䄠 䐀䌀䌐䏠䐠䍐 䎀䐐䏰䏠䎰䓀䍰䏠䌠䌀䏐䒰 䐠䌀䎠䎀䍐 䏀䍐䐠䏠䍀䒰, 䎠䌀䎠 䎠䎰䌀䐐䐐䎀䑀䎀䎠䌀䑠䎀䓰, 䏰䍐䐀䎀䏠䍀䎀䍰䌀䑠䎀䎀, 䌀䏐䌀䎰䏠䌰䎀䓰,䐠䍐䏠䐀䍐䐠䎀䑰䍐䐐䎠䎀䎐 䌀䏐䌀䎰䎀䍰, 䎀䏐䍀䐰䎠䐠䎀䌠䏐䒰䍐 䎀 䍀䍐䍀䐰䎠䐠䎀䌠䏐䒰䍐 䏀䍐䐠䏠䍀䒰, 䎀䍰䐰䑰䍐䏐䎀䍐 䎰䎀䐠䍐䐀䌀䐠䐰䐀䒰.

䄠 䏀䏠䍐䎐 䐀䌀䌐䏠䐠䍐 䓰 䍰䌀䐠䐀䌀䌰䎀䌠䌀䓠 䐐䎰䍐䍀䐰䓠䒐䎀䍐 䌀䐐䏰䍐䎠䐠䒰: 䐀䐰䏐䎀䑰䍐䐐䎠䎀䎐 䏰䍐䐀䎀䏠䍀, 䏰䍐䐀䎀䏠䍀䐀䎀䏀䐐䎠䎀䑐 䍰䌀䌠䏠䍐䌠䌀䏐䎀䎐 䎀 䌠䏐䍐䍀䐀䍐䏐䎀䓰 䌠 䏰䎀䐐䓀䏀䍐䏐䏐䏠䐐䐠䓀 䎰䌀䐠䎀䏐䐐䎠䏠䌰䏠 䌀䎰䑀䌀䌠䎀䐠䌀, 䑀䐀䌀䏐䑠䐰䍰䐐䎠䏠䍐䌠䎰䎀䓰䏐䎀䍐 䏐䌀 䌀䏐䌰䎰䎀䎐䐐䎠䎀䎐 䓰䍰䒰䎠, , 䍰䌀䐀䏠䍠䍀䍐䏐䎀䍐 䏰䏠䏐䓰䐠䎀䓰 䏐䏠䐀䏀, 䐐䏠䌠䐀䍐䏀䍐䏐䏐䒰䎐 䌀䏐䌰䎰䎀䎐䐐䎠䎀䎐 䎀䏐䏠䌠䍐䎐䒀䎀䍐 䐠䍐䏐䍀䍐䏐䑠䎀䎀 䌠 䏰䎀䐐䓀䏀䍐䏐䏐䏠䐐䐠䎀 䓰䍰䒰䎠䌀.

䇰䐀䏠䐐䎰䍐䍠䎀䌠䌀䓰 䐀䌀䍰䌠䎀䐠䎀䍐 䏰䎀䐐䓀䏀䍐䏐䏐䏠䐐䐠䎀, 䏀䒰 䌠 䏠䑰䍐䐀䍐䍀䏐䏠䎐 䐀䌀䍰 䐰䌐䍐䍀䎀䎰䎀䐐䓀, 䑰䐠䏠 䏰䎀䐐䓀䏀䍐䏐䏐䏠䐐䐠䓀䓰䌠䎰䓰䍐䐠䐐䓰 䌠䌀䍠䏐䏠䎐 䐐䏠䐐䐠䌀䌠䎰䓰䓠䒐䍐䎐 䓰䍰䒰䎠䌀, 䌀 䐐䏠䏠䐠䌠䍐䐠䐐䐠䌠䍐䏐䏐䏠 䏐䌀䑐䏠䍀䎀䐠䐐䓰 䏰䏠䍀 䌠䎰䎀䓰䏐䎀䍐䏀䎀䐐䐠䏠䐀䎀䑰䍐䐐䎠䏠䌰䏠 䎠䏠䏐䐠䍐䎠䐐䐠䌀 䎀 䐠䍐䐐䏐䏠 䐐䌠䓰䍰䌀䏐䌀 䐐 䐐䏠䑠䎀䐰䏀䏠䏀. 䇰䐀䏠䌀䏐䌀䎰䎀䍰䎀䐀䏠䌠䌀䌠 䍰䌀䎠䏠䏐䏠䏀䍐䐀䏐䏠䐐䐠䎀䐀䌀䍰䌠䎀䐠䎀䍐 䌀䏐䌰䎰䎀䎐䐐䎠䏠䌰䏠 䓰䍰䒰䎠䌀, 䐰䌠䎀䍀䍐䎰䎀 䍐䌰䏠 䐐䌠䓰䍰䎀 䐐 䍀䐀䐰䌰䎀䏀䎀 䍐䌠䐀䏠䏰䍐䎐䐐䎠䎀䏀䎀 䓰䍰䒰䎠䌀䏀䎀.

䆀䏐䑀䏠䐀䏀䌀䑠䎀䏠䏐䏐䒰䍐 䎀䐐䐠䏠䑰䏐䎀䎠䎀:䆀䌠䌀䏐䏠䌠䌀 䆀.䇰., 䉰䌀䑐䏠䓰䏐 䆰.䇰., 䄐䍐䎰䓰䍐䌠䌀 䈠.䇀. – 䆀䐐䐠䏠䐀䎀䓰 䌀䏐䌰䎰䎀䎐䐐䎠䏠䌰䏠 䓰䍰䒰䎠䌀. 䈰䑰䍐䌐䏐䎀䎠.

䆀䍰䍀. 3-䍐. – 䈐䇰䌐., «䄀䌠䌀䎰䏠䏐», «䄀䍰䌐䐰䎠䌀-䎠䎰䌀䐐䐐䎀䎠䌀», 2006. – 560 䐐.䇰䌀䌠䎰䏠䑠䎠䎀䎐 䄠.䇀. - 䅰䏐䌀䎠䏠䏀䎀䏀䐐䓰 䐐 䄐䐀䎀䐠䌀䏐䎀䍐䎐. – 䈐䇰䌐., «䇠䐀䌀䎠䐰䎰», 1997. – 415䐐.

䈠䍐䏀䌀 䐀䌀䌐䏠䐠䒰: 䄠䎰䎀䓰䏐䎀䍐 䈀䎀䏀䐐䎠䏠䎐 䎠䏠䎰䏠䏐䎀䍰䌀䑠䎀䎀 䏐䌀 䐀䌀䍰䌠䎀䐠䎀䍐䎠䐰䎰䓀䐠䐰䐀䒰 䄐䐀䎀䐠䌀䏐䎀䎀

䈰䑰䌀䐐䐠䏐䎀䎠: 䅀䐀䏠䌰䏠䌐䐰䍠䐐䎠䎀䎐 䅀䌀䏐䎀䎀䎰., 9䌀 䎠䎰䌀䐐䐐 䄰䄐䇠䈰 䌰䎀䏀䏐䌀䍰䎀䓰 № 261䈀䐰䎠䏠䌠䏠䍀䎀䐠䍐䎰䓀: 䆠䌀䍰䌀䎠䏠䌠䌀 䈠䌀䐠䓀䓰䏐䌀 䉀䍐䍀䏠䐀䏠䌠䏐䌀, 䐰䑰䎀䐠䍐䎰䓀 䌀䏐䌰䎰䎀䎐䐐䎠䏠䌰䏠 䓰䍰䒰䎠䌀

䄠䒰䌐䏠䐀 䐠䍐䏀䒰.䆀䐐䐠䏠䐀䎀䓰 䎰䓠䌐䏠䌰䏠 䌰䏠䐐䐰䍀䌀䐀䐐䐠䌠䌀 – 䐠䍐䏀䌀 䌠䐐䍐䌰䍀䌀 䌀䎠䐠䐰䌀䎰䓀䏐䌀䓰. 䄠䐠䏠䐀䍠䍐䏐䎀䍐 䌠䏠䎐䐐䎠

䅀䐀䍐䌠䏐䍐䐀䎀䏀䐐䎠䏠䎐 䎀䏀䏰䍐䐀䎀䎀 䌠 䄐䐀䎀䐠䌀䏐䎀䓠 䏰䐀䍐䍀䐐䐠䌀䌠䎰䓰䍐䐠 䏠䐐䏠䌐䒰䎐 䎀䏐䐠䍐䐀䍐䐐, 䎠䌀䎠 䐐 䐠䏠䑰䎠䎀䍰䐀䍐䏐䎀䓰 䌠䏠䍐䏐䏐䏠䎐 䐐䐠䐀䌀䐠䍐䌰䎀䎀, 䐠䌀䎠 䎀 䐐 䐠䏠䑰䎠䎀 䍰䐀䍐䏐䎀䓰 䌠䎰䎀䓰䏐䎀䓰 䏐䌀 䍀䌀䎰䓀䏐䍐䎐䒀䍐䍐 䐀䌀䍰䌠䎀䐠䎀䍐 䓐䐠䏠䌰䏠䌰䏠䐐䐰䍀䌀䐀䐐䐠䌠䌀, 䑰䐠䏠 䎀 䏠䌐䐰䐐䎰䏠䌠䎀䎰䏠 䌠䒰䌐䏠䐀 䍀䌀䏐䏐䏠䎐 䐠䍐䏀䒰.

䇠䌐䒠䍐䎠䐠 䎀 䏰䐀䍐䍀䏀䍐䐠 䎀䐐䐐䎰䍐䍀䏠䌠䌀䏐䎀䓰: 䌐䐀䎀䐠䌀䏐䐐䎠䎀䎐 䏐䌀䐀䏠䍀 䎀 䄐䐀䎀䐠䌀䏐䎀䓰 䌠 䏰䏠䐐䎰䍐䐀䎀䏀䐐䎠䎀䎐 䏰䍐䐀䎀䏠䍀䉠䍐䎰䓀䓠 䍀䌀䏐䏐䏠䌰䏠 䎀䐐䐐䎰䍐䍀䏠䌠䌀䏐䎀䓰 䓰䌠䎰䓰䍐䐠䐐䓰 䌀䏐䌀䎰䎀䍰 䏰䏠䐐䎰䍐䍀䐐䐠䌠䎀䎐 䈀䎀䏀䐐䎠䏠䎐 䏠䎠䎠䐰䏰䌀䑠䎀䎀

䌠 䎠䐰䎰䓀䐠䐰䐀䏐䏠䏀 䌀䐐䏰䍐䎠䐠䍐

18

XIV 䇐䌀䐰䑰䏐䏠-䏰䐀䌀䎠䐠䎀䑰䍐䐐䎠䌀䓰 䎠䏠䏐䑀䍐䐀䍐䏐䑠䎀䓰 䐰䑰䌀䒐䎀䑐䐐䓰 䆠䎀䐀䏠䌠䐐䎠䏠䌰䏠 䐀䌀䎐䏠䏐䌀

Àíãëèéñêèé ÿçûê

䅰䌀䍀䌀䑰䎀 䎀䐐䐐䎰䍐䍀䏠䌠䌀䏐䎀䓰:1). 䆀䐐䐐䎰䍐䍀䏠䌠䌀䐠䓀 䏠䐐䏠䌐䍐䏐䏐䏠䐐䐠䎀 䌠䐠䏠䐀䍠䍐䏐䎀䓰;2).䇠䑐䌀䐀䌀䎠䐠䍐䐀䎀䍰䏠䌠䌀䐠䓀 䍠䎀䍰䏐䓀 䌐䐀䎀䐠䌀䏐䑠䍐䌠 䌠 䏰䍐䐀䎀䏠䍀 䎠䏠䎰䏠䏐䎀䍰䌀䑠䎀䎀;3).䇰䐀䏠䌀䏐䌀䎰䎀䍰䎀䐀䏠䌠䌀䐠䓀 䌠䎰䎀䓰䏐䎀䍐 䈀䎀䏀䐐䎠䏠䎐 䎀䏀䏰䍐䐀䎀䎀 䏐䌀 䐀䌀䍰䌠䎀䐠䎀䍐 䄐䐀䎀䐠䌀䏐䐐䎠䏠䎐 䏐䌀䑠䎀䎀.䈠䎀䏰 䐀䌀䌐䏠䐠䒰: 䐀䍐䑀䍐䐀䌀䐠䎀䌠䏐䌀䓰 䐀䌀䌐䏠䐠䌀 䐐 䎀䐐䐐䎰䍐䍀䏠䌠䌀䐠䍐䎰䓀䐐䎠䎀䏀 䎠䏠䏀䏰䏠䏐䍐䏐䐠䏠䏀.䄰䎀䏰䏠䐠䍐䍰䌀: 䈀䎀䏀䐐䎠䌀䓰 䎠䏠䎰䏠䏐䎀䍰䌀䑠䎀䓰 䎀䍰䏀䍐䏐䎀䎰䌀 䏰䐰䐠䓀 䐀䌀䍰䌠䎀䐠䎀䓰 䄐䐀䎀䐠䌀䏐䎀䎀, 䏰䏠䍀䏐䓰䌠 䍐䍐

䎠䐰䎰䓀䐠䐰䐀䐰 䏐䌀 䌐䏠䎰䍐䍐 䌠䒰䐐䏠䎠䎀䎐 䐰䐀䏠䌠䍐䏐䓀.䆀䐐䏰䏠䎰䓀䍰䐰䍐䏀䒰䍐 䏀䍐䐠䏠䍀䒰:1. 䇰䏠䎀䐐䎠 䎀 䏠䌐䐀䌀䌐䏠䐠䎠䌀 䎀䏐䑀䏠䐀䏀䌀䑠䎀䎀.2. 䇰䍐䐀䍐䌠䏠䍀䒰 䐠䍐䎠䐐䐠䏠䌠 (䐐䏠䌐䐐䐠䌠䍐䏐䏐䒰䍐)3.䄀䏐䌀䎰䎀䍰 䎀䐐䐠䏠䐀䎀䑰䍐䐐䎠䎀䑐 䎀䐐䐠䏠䑰䏐䎀䎠䏠䌠 䎀 䐠䐀䐰䍀䏠䌠 䌠䒰䍀䌀䓠䒐䎀䑐䐐䓰 䎀䐐䐠䏠䐀䎀䎠䏠䌠䆰䏠䌰䎀䎠䌀 䎀䍰䎰䏠䍠䍐䏐䎀䓰 䐠䍐䏀䒰:1. 䄐䐀䎀䐠䌀䏐䎀䓰 䍀䏠 䏐䌀䒀䍐䐐䐠䌠䎀䓰 䈀䎀䏀䎰䓰䏐.2. 䅰䌀䌠䏠䍐䌠䌀䏐䎀䍐 䄐䐀䎀䐠䌀䏐䎀䎀.3. 䇰䏠䐐䎰䍐䍀䐐䐠䌠䎀䓰 䐀䎀䏀䐐䎠䏠䎐 䎠䏠䎰䏠䏐䎀䍰䌀䑠䎀䎀.䇠䏰䎀䐐䌀䏐䎀䍐 䐐䏠䌐䐐䐠䌠䍐䏐䏐䏠䌰䏠 䌠䎠䎰䌀䍀䌀 䌠 䐀䌀䍰䐀䌀䌐䏠䐠䎠䐰 䐠䍐䏀䒰.

䆠䎰䌀䐐䐐䎀䑀䎀䎠䌀䑠䎀䓰 䎀 䏠䌐䏠䌐䒐䍐䏐䎀䍐 䏀䌀䐠䍐䐀䎀䌀䎰䌀, 䐐䌠䓰䍰䌀䏐䏐䏠䌰䏠 䐐 䏰䍐䐀䎀䏠䍀䏠䏀 䍰䌀䑐䌠䌀䐠䌀 䄐䐀䎀䐠䌀䏐䎀䎀䅀䐀䍐䌠䏐䍐䐀䎀䏀䐐䎠䏠䎐 䎀䏀䏰䍐䐀䎀䍐䎐. 䆠䐀䎀䐠䎀䑰䍐䐐䎠䎀䎐 䌀䏐䌀䎰䎀䍰 䎀䐐䐠䏠䐀䎀䑰䍐䐐䎠䎀䑐 䑀䌀䎠䐠䏠䌠.

䄠䒰䌠䏠䍀䒰:䈀䎀䏀䎰䓰䏐䍐, 䏠䎠䎠䐰䏰䎀䐀䏠䌠䌀䌠䒀䎀䍐 䄀䏐䌰䎰䎀䓠, 䏠䌐䍐䐐䏰䍐䑰䎀䎰䎀 䍐䍐 䏰䐀䏠䑠䌠䍐䐠䌀䏐䎀䍐, 䎠䏠䐠䏠䐀䏠䍐, 䏠䍀䏐䌀䎠䏠,

䍀䎰䎀䎰䏠䐐䓀 䏐䍐䍀䏠䎰䌰䏠, 䎀 䏰䏠䐐䎰䍐 䎀䑐 䐰䑐䏠䍀䌀 䏠䐐䐠䌀䌠䎀䎰䏠 䏐䍐䍰䏐䌀䑰䎀䐠䍐䎰䓀䏐䒰䎐 䐐䎰䍐䍀 䌠 䌠䎀䍀䍐 䓰䍰䒰䎠䌀, 䎀䍀䍐䎐,䌠䏠䍐䏐䏐䒰䑐 䏐䏠䌠䏠䌠䌠䍐䍀䍐䏐䎀䎐. 䄠䐐䎠䏠䐀䍐 䏰䏠䐐䎰䍐 䐰䑐䏠䍀䌀 䐀䎀䏀䎰䓰䏐, 䄀䏐䌰䎰䎀䓰 䌐䒰䎰䌀 䍰䌀䑐䌠䌀䑰䍐䏐䌀䌠䌀䐀䌠䌀䐀䌀䏀䎀, 䎀 䏠䌐䒐䎀䎐 䐰䐀䏠䌠䍐䏐䓀 䐀䌀䍰䌠䎀䐠䎀䓰 䌠䏐䏠䌠䓀 䐰䏰䌀䎰. 䄐䒰䎰䌀 䐰䐠䐀䌀䑰䍐䏐䌀 䌐䏠䎰䓀䒀䌀䓰 䑰䌀䐐䐠䓀䏰䐀䎀䏠䌐䐀䍐䐠䍐䏐䏐䒰䑐 䏐䌀 䏰䐀䏠䐠䓰䍠䍐䏐䎀䎀 䏀䏐䏠䌰䎀䑐 䎰䍐䐠 䏰䐀䏠䌰䐀䍐䐐䐐䎀䌠䏐䒰䑐 䐠䍐䑐䏐䏠䎰䏠䌰䎀䎐. 䄠 䎠䏠䏐䑠䍐 䎠䏠䏐䑠䏠䌠,䌐䒰䎰䌀 䏰䏠䐠䍐䐀䓰䏐䌀 䍀䌀䍠䍐 䐰䌠䍐䐀䍐䏐䏐䏠䐐䐠䓀 䌰䐀䌀䍠䍀䌀䏐 䌠 䐐䌠䏠䍐䎐 䌐䍐䍰䏠䏰䌀䐐䏐䏠䐐䐠䎀, 䏰䏠䐠䏠䏀䐰 䑰䐠䏠 䈀䎀䏀 䌐䒰䎰䐰䍠䍐 䏐䍐 䌠 䐐䏠䐐䐠䏠䓰䏐䎀䎀 䎀䑐 䍰䌀䒐䎀䐠䎀䐠䓀. 䇐䏠 䏠䐐䐠䌀䎰䎀䐐䓀 䏐䍐䎠䏠䐠䏠䐀䒰䍐 䌠䍐䒐䎀, 䎠䏠䐠䏠䐀䒰䍐 䌠䌀䐀䌠䌀䐀䒰 䎀䍀䍐䌰䐀䌀䍀䌀䑠䎀䓰 䏐䍐 䐐䏀䏠䌰䎰䎀 䐰䏐䎀䑰䐠䏠䍠䎀䐠䓀. 䋐䐠䏠 䍰䏐䌀䏐䎀䓰, 䎠䏠䐠䏠䐀䒰䍐 䏐䌀䒀䎰䎀 䏠䐠䐀䌀䍠䍐䏐䎀䍐 䌠 䎠䏐䎀䌰䌀䑐 䎀䌠 䌀䐀䑐䎀䌠䌀䑐 䍰䌀䏀䎠䏠䌠, 䎀 䌐䎰䌀䌰䏠䍀䌀䐀䓰 䓐䐠䏠䏀䐰 䍀䏠䒀䍐䍀䒀䎀䍐 䍀䏠 䏐䌀䒀䎀䑐 䍀䏐䍐䎐, 䌀䐀䑐䎀䐠䍐䎠䐠䐰䐀䌀, 䐰䐀䏠䌠䍐䏐䓀䎠䏠䐠䏠䐀䏠䎐 䏀䒰 䌠䐐䍐 䍐䒐䍐 䏀䏠䍠䍐䏀 䌠䎀䍀䍐䐠䓀 䏐䌀 䏰䐀䎀䏀䍐䐀䍐 䐐䏠䑐䐀䌀䏐䎀䌠䒀䎀䑐䐐䓰 䏰䏠䐐䐠䐀䏠䍐䎠, 䎀 䐀䍐䎰䎀䌰䎀䓰.

䆀䏐䑀䏠䐀䏀䌀䑠䎀䏠䏐䏐䒰䍐 䎀䐐䐠䏠䑰䏐䎀䎠䎀:1. John Watson: “A Roman Soldier”, Red Fox, 20012. Roman Empire and Britain, 䄠䄠䈐, Facebook Magazine, 20123. 䄐䐀䎀䐠䌀䏐䎀䓰: 䋐䏐䑠䎀䎠䎰䏠䏰䍐䍀䎀䑰䍐䐐䎠䎀䎐 䐐䎰䏠䌠䌀䐀䓀 䄐䐀䏠䎠䌰䌀䐰䍰䌀 䎀 䅐䑀䐀䏠䏐䌀, 䄠 86 䐠䏠䏀䌀䑐 (82 䐠.

䎀 4 䍀䏠䏰.). — 䈐䇰䌐. 1890—1907.

䈠䍐䏀䌀 䐀䌀䌐䏠䐠䒰: 䄐䐀䎀䐠䌀䏐䐐䎠䎀䍐 䐐䐰䍐䌠䍐䐀䎀䓰: 䌠䍐䐀䌀 䌠 䐰䍀䌀䑰䐰

䈰䑰䌀䐐䐠䏐䎀䎠: 䇐䍐䏰䏠䐀䌀䍀䌀 䄠䎀䎠䐠䏠䐀䎀䓰., 9䌀 䎠䎰䌀䐐䐐, 䄰䄐䇠䈰 䌰䎀䏀䏐䌀䍰䎀䓰 № 261䈀䐰䎠䏠䌠䏠䍀䎀䐠䍐䎰䓀: 䆠䌀䍰䌀䎠䏠䌠䌀 䈠䌀䐠䓀䓰䏐䌀 䉀䍐䍀䏠䐀䏠䌠䏐䌀, 䐰䑰䎀䐠䍐䎰䓀 䌀䏐䌰䎰䎀䎐䐐䎠䏠䌰䏠 䓰䍰䒰䎠䌀

䄠䒰䌐䏠䐀 䐠䍐䏀䒰.䆰䓠䍀䓰䏀 䌠䐐䍐䑐 䏐䌀䑠䎀䎐 䎀 䎠䏠䏐䐠䎀䏐䍐䏐䐠䏠䌠 䐐䌠䏠䎐䐐䐠䌠䍐䏐䏐䒰 䏰䐀䍐䍀䐀䌀䐐䐐䐰䍀䎠䎀. 䄠䍐䐀䌀 䌠

䐐䌠䍐䐀䑐䒠䍐䐐䐠䍐䐐䐠䌠䍐䏐䏐䏠䍐 䐐䏠䏰䐀䏠䌠䏠䍠䍀䌀䍐䐠 䑰䍐䎰䏠䌠䍐䎠䌀 䌠 䐠䍐䑰䍐䏐䎀䍐 䌠䐐䍐䎐 䍠䎀䍰䏐䎀. 䅐䒐䍐 䏀䏐䏠䌰䏠 䎰䍐䐠 䏐䌀䍰䌀䍀䎰䓠䍀䎀 䏐䌀䑰䎀䏐䌀䎰䎀 䍰䌀䍀䐰䏀䒰䌠䌀䐠䓀䐐䓰 䏠 䐠䏠䏀, 䑰䐠䏠 䐠䌀䎠䏠䍐 䐰䍀䌀䑰䌀, 䑰䐠䏠 䏠䏐䌀 䐐䏠䌐䏠䎐 䏰䐀䍐䍀䐐䐠䌀䌠䎰䓰䍐䐠 䎀䎠䌀䎠 䏠䏐䌀 䐐䌠䓰䍰䌀䏐䌀 䐐 䑰䍐䎰䏠䌠䍐䎠䏠䏀. 䄀 䐐䐰䍐䌠䍐䐀䏐䒰 䎰䎀 䌀䏐䌰䎰䎀䑰䌀䏐䍐? 䆀 䑰䐠䏠 䍀䎰䓰 䏐䎀䑐 䏠䍰䏐䌀䑰䌀䍐䐠 䐰䍀䌀䑰䌀?䋐䐠䎀 䌠䏠䏰䐀䏠䐐䒰 䎀 䏠䌐䐰䐐䎰䏠䌠䎀䎰䎀 䌠䒰䌐䏠䐀 䐠䍐䏀䒰 䎀䐐䐐䎰䍐䍀䏠䌠䌀䏐䎀䓰.

19Àíãëèéñêèé ÿçûê

XIV 䇐䌀䐰䑰䏐䏠-䏰䐀䌀䎠䐠䎀䑰䍐䐐䎠䌀䓰 䎠䏠䏐䑀䍐䐀䍐䏐䑠䎀䓰 䐰䑰䌀䒐䎀䑐䐐䓰 䆠䎀䐀䏠䌠䐐䎠䏠䌰䏠 䐀䌀䎐䏠䏐䌀

䇠䌐䒠䍐䎠䐠 䎀 䏰䐀䍐䍀䏀䍐䐠 䎀䐐䐐䎰䍐䍀䏠䌠䌀䏐䎀䓰: 䑰䍐䎰䏠䌠䍐䎠 , 䍐䌰䏠 䌠䍐䐀䌀 䌠 䐰䍀䌀䑰䐰 䎀 䐐䐰䍀䓀䌐䐰.䉠䍐䎰䓀 䎀䐐䐐䎰䍐䍀䏠䌠䌀䏐䎀䓰: 䌀䏐䌀䎰䎀䍰 䑀䏠䐀䏀 䌠䒰䐀䌀䍠䍐䏐䎀䓰 䐐䐰䍐䌠䍐䐀䎀䎐 䌠 䄠䍐䎰䎀䎠䏠䌐䐀䎀䐠䌀䏐䎀䎀.䅰䌀䍀䌀䑰䎀 䎀䐐䐐䎰䍐䍀䏠䌠䌀䏐䎀䓰:1). 䆀䐐䐐䎰䍐䍀䏠䌠䌀䐠䓀 䑀䏠䐀䏀䒰 䌠䒰䐀䌀䍠䍐䏐䎀䓰 䐐䐰䍐䌠䍐䐀䎀䎐 䌠 䄠䍐䎰䎀䎠䏠䌐䐀䎀䐠䌀䏐䎀䎀 䎀 䎀䑐 䏠䐠䎰䎀䑰䎀䍐 䏠䐠

䐐䐰䍐䌠䍐䐀䎀䎐 䌠 䈀䏠䐐䐐䎀䎀;2).䇠䑐䌀䐀䌀䎠䐠䍐䐀䎀䍰䏠䌠䌀䐠䓀 䐐䏰䍐䑠䎀䑀䎀䎠䐰 䌠䍐䐀䒰 䌠 䐰䍀䌀䑰䐰;3).䈀䌀䐐䐐䏀䏠䐠䐀䍐䐠䓀 䎀䍀䎀䏠䏀䌀䐠䎀䑰䍐䐐䎠䎀䍐 䌠䒰䐀䌀䍠䍐䏐䎀䓰, 䐐䌠䓰䍰䌀䏐䏐䒰䍐 䐐 䐰䍀䌀䑰䍐䎐.䈠䎀䏰 䐀䌀䌐䏠䐠䒰: 䐀䍐䑀䍐䐀䌀䐠䎀䌠䏐䌀䓰 䐀䌀䌐䏠䐠䌀 䐐 䎀䐐䐐䎰䍐䍀䏠䌠䌀䐠䍐䎰䓀䐐䎠䎀䏀 䎠䏠䏀䏰䏠䏐䍐䏐䐠䏠䏀.䄰䎀䏰䏠䐠䍐䍰䌀: 䌠䍐䐀䌀 䌠 䐰䍀䌀䑰䐰 䏠䎠䌀䍰䒰䌠䌀䍐䐠 䏠䐐䏐䏠䌠䏠䏰䏠䎰䌀䌰䌀䓠䒐䍐䍐 䌠䎰䎀䓰䏐䎀䍐 䏐䌀 䐐䐰䍀䓀䌐䐰

䑰䍐䎰䏠䌠䍐䎠䌀.䆀䐐䏰䏠䎰䓀䍰䐰䍐䏀䒰䍐 䏀䍐䐠䏠䍀䒰:1. 䇰䏠䎀䐐䎠 䎀 䏠䌐䐀䌀䌐䏠䐠䎠䌀 䎀䏐䑀䏠䐀䏀䌀䑠䎀䎀.2. 䇰䍐䐀䍐䌠䏠䍀䒰 䐠䍐䎠䐐䐠䏠䌠 (䐐䏠䌐䐐䐠䌠䍐䏐䏐䒰䍐).3. 䄠䍐䐀䎀䒀䓀 䎰䎀 䐠䒰 䌠 䐰䍀䌀䑰䐰—䌀䏐䎠䍐䐠䎀䐀䏠䌠䌀䏐䎀䍐 䏠䍀䏐䏠䎠䎰䌀䐐䐐䏐䎀䎠䏠䌠䆰䏠䌰䎀䎠䌀 䎀䍰䎰䏠䍠䍐䏐䎀䓰 䐠䍐䏀䒰.1. 䈐䐰䍐䌠䍐䐀䎀䓰 䄐䐀䎀䐠䌀䏐䑠䍐䌠.2. 䈰䍀䌀䑰䌀 䎠䌀䎠 䌀䐐䏰䍐䎠䐠 䐀䎀䐐䎠䌀.3. 䆠䌀䎠 䏰䏠䑰䐰䌠䐐䐠䌠䏠䌠䌀䐠䓀 䐀䎀䐐䎠.4. 䆠䌀䎠 䎀䍰䏀䍐䐀䎀䐠䓀 䐀䎀䐐䎠.䇠䏰䎀䐐䌀䏐䎀䍐 䐐䏠䌐䐐䐠䌠䍐䏐䏐䏠䌰䏠 䌠䎠䎰䌀䍀䌀 䌠 䐀䌀䍰䐀䌀䌐䏠䐠䎠䐰 䐠䍐䏀䒰.䈀䌀䍰䌠䎀䐠䎀䍐 䐠䍐䏀䒰 䎀 䐐䎀䐐䐠䍐䏀䌀䐠䎀䍰䌀䑠䎀䓰 䐐䌠䍐䍀䍐䏐䎀䎐, 䎠䌀䐐䌀䓠䒐䎀䑐䐐䓰 䐐䐰䍐䌠䍐䐀䎀䎐 䎀 䏰䐀䍐䍀䐀䌀䐐䐐䐰䍀䎠䏠䌠,

䌀䏐䌀䎰䎀䍰 䌠䎰䎀䓰䏐䎀䓰 䌠䍐䐀䒰 䌠 䐰䍀䌀䑰䐰 䏐䌀 䐐䐰䍀䓀䌐䐰 䎰䓠䍀䍐䎐 䏐䌀 䐀䍐䌀䎰䓀䏐䒰䑐 䏰䐀䎀䏀䍐䐀䌀䑐, 䏠䌐䍰䏠䐀䎀䍀䎀䏠䏀䌀䐠䎀䑰䍐䐐䎠䎀䑐 䌠䒰䐀䌀䍠䍐䏐䎀䎐.

䄠䒰䌠䏠䍀䒰:䈰䍀䌀䑰䌀 - 䓐䐠䏠 䌠䍐䍰䍐䏐䎀䍐, 䐐䏠䌠䍐䐀䒀䍐䏐䏐䏠 䏐䍐 䍰䌀䌠䎀䐐䓰䒐䍐䍐 䏠䐠 䎰䓠䍀䍐䎐. 䇠䍀䏐䌀䎠䏠 䎰䓠䍀䎀, 䎠䏠䐠䏠䐀䒰䑐

䏰䏠䐐䍐䒐䌀䍐䐠 䐰䍀䌀䑰䌀, 䏠䏰䐀䏠䌠䍐䐀䌰䌀䓠䐠 䓐䐠䏠 䏀䏐䍐䏐䎀䍐. 䇠䏐䎀 䍀䏠䎠䌀䍰䒰䌠䌀䓠䐠, 䑰䐠䏠 䐰䍀䌀䑰䌀 – 䓐䐠䏠 䏰䐀䏠䍀䐰䎠䐠䑠䍐䎰䍐䏐䌀䏰䐀䌀䌠䎰䍐䏐䏐䏠䌰䏠 䍀䍐䎐䐐䐠䌠䎀䓰, 䑰䐠䏠 䌠䏐䍐䒀䏐䎀䍐 䐐䎰䐰䑰䌀䎐䏐䒰䍐 䐐䏠䌐䒰䐠䎀䓰 䏐䌀 䐐䌀䏀䏠䏀 䍀䍐䎰䍐䏰䏠䍀䌰䏠䐠䏠䌠䎰䍐䏐䒰 䎰䓠䍀䓀䏀䎀, 䎀䑐 䏀䒰䐐䎰䓰䏀䎀, 䎀䑐 䌠䍐䐀䏠䎐 䎀 䌠䏠䎰䍐䎐. 䅀䍐䎐䐐䐠䌠䎀䐠䍐䎰䓀䏐䏠, 䌠䌀䍠䏐䏠 䏐䍐 䐠䏠䎰䓀䎠䏠䌠䒰䐐䐠䐀䏠䎀䐠䓀 䐐䌠䏠䎀 䑠䍐䎰䎀, 䏐䏠 䎀 䍀䌠䎀䌰䌀䐠䓀䐐䓰 䎠 䎀䑐 䌠䏠䏰䎰䏠䒐䍐䏐䎀䓠 䐰䌠䍐䐀䍐䏐䏐䒰䏀䎀 䒀䌀䌰䌀䏀䎀, 䏐䍐 䌠䍰䎀䐀䌀䓰䏐䎀 䏐䌀 䑰䐠䏠. 䆠 䐐䑰䌀䐐䐠䎰䎀䌠䏠䎐 䌠䐐䐠䐀䍐䑰䎀 䐐 䐰䍀䌀䑰䍐䎐 䏐䌀䍀䏠 䌰䏠䐠䏠䌠䎀䐠䓀䐐䓰. 䈰䍀䌀䑰䌀 - 䓐䐠䏠 䌐䏠䎰䓀䒀䌀䓰䏠䐠䌠䍐䐠䐐䐠䌠䍐䏐䏐䏠䐐䐠䓀.

䆀䏐䑀䏠䐀䏀䌀䑠䎀䏠䏐䏐䒰䍐 䎀䐐䐠䏠䑰䏐䎀䎠䎀:1. Kate Fox: “Watching the English”, Hodder, 20042. Tom Stafford: “Superstitions: Why do we have them?” 䄠䄠䈐, Facebook Magazine,

6 April 2011

䈠䍐䏀䌀 䐀䌀䌐䏠䐠䒰: 䆠䏠䐀䏠䎰䍐䌠䐐䎠䎀䍐 䐐䌠䌀䍀䓀䌐䒰

䈰䑰䌀䐐䐠䏐䎀䎠: 䉀䍐䍀䏠䐠䏠䌠䌀 䇠䎠䐐䌀䏐䌀, 9䌐 䎠䎰䌀䐐䐐 䄰䄐䇠䈰 䌰䎀䏀䏐䌀䍰䎀䓰 № 261䈀䐰䎠䏠䌠䏠䍀䎀䐠䍐䎰䓀: 䆠䌀䍰䌀䎠䏠䌠䌀 䈠䌀䐠䓀䓰䏐䌀 䉀䍐䍀䏠䐀䏠䌠䏐䌀, 䐰䑰䎀䐠䍐䎰䓀 䌀䏐䌰䎰䎀䎐䐐䎠䏠䌰䏠 䓰䍰䒰䎠䌀

䄠䒰䌐䏠䐀 䐠䍐䏀䒰. C䌠䌀䍀䓀䌐䌀 – 䓐䐠䏠 䎠䐀䌀䐐䎀䌠䏠䍐 䎀 䌠䏠䎰䏐䐰䓠䒐䍐䍐 䍰䐀䍐䎰䎀䒐䍐. 䇐䏠 䎠䏠䐀䏠䎰䍐䌠䐐䎠䌀䓰䐐䌠䌀䍀䓀䌐䌀 䎀䏀䍐䍐䐠 䏠䐐䏠䌐䒰䎐 䐐䐠䌀䐠䐰䐐, 䐐䏰䎰䌀䑰䎀䌠䌀䓰 䏐䌀䐀䏠䍀 䎀 䌠䐐䍐䎰䓰䓰 䌠 䏐䍐䌰䏠 䏠䏰䐀䍐䍀䍐䎰䍐䏐䏐䒰䍐 䏐䌀䍀䍐䍠䍀䒰.䄠䏠 䌠䐀䍐䏀䓰 䐠䌀䎠䎀䑐 䎠䏠䐀䏠䎰䍐䌠䐐䎠䎀䑐 䐠䏠䐀䍠䍐䐐䐠䌠 䐐 䏠䐐䏠䌐䏠䎐 䐐䎀䎰䏠䎐 䏰䐀䏠䓰䌠䎰䓰䍐䐠䐐䓰 䍀䐰䑐 䏰䌀䐠䐀䎀䏠䐠䎀䍰䏀䌀䌠䐐䍐䎐 䏐䌀䑠䎀䎀. 䄀䎠䐠䐰䌀䎰䓀䏐䏠䐐䐠䓀 䍀䌀䏐䏐䏠䎐 䐠䍐䏀䒰 䎀 䏠䌐䐰䐐䎰䏠䌠䎀䎰䌀 䍐䍐 䌠䒰䌐䏠䐀.

20

XIV 䇐䌀䐰䑰䏐䏠-䏰䐀䌀䎠䐠䎀䑰䍐䐐䎠䌀䓰 䎠䏠䏐䑀䍐䐀䍐䏐䑠䎀䓰 䐰䑰䌀䒐䎀䑐䐐䓰 䆠䎀䐀䏠䌠䐐䎠䏠䌰䏠 䐀䌀䎐䏠䏐䌀

Àíãëèéñêèé ÿçûê

䇠䌐䒠䍐䎠䐠 䎀 䏰䐀䍐䍀䏀䍐䐠 䎀䐐䐐䎰䍐䍀䏠䌠䌀䏐䎀䓰 :䆠䏠䐀䏠䎰䍐䌠䐐䎠䎀䍐 䐐䍐䏀䓀䎀 䎀 䐐䌠䌀䍀䍐䌐䏐䒰䍐 䑠䍐䐀䍐䏀䏠䏐䎀䎀 䄠䍐䎰䎀䎠䏠䌐䐀䎀䐠䌀䏐䎀䎀.䉠䍐䎰䓀䓠 䍀䌀䏐䏐䏠䌰䏠 䎀䐐䐐䎰䍐䍀䏠䌠䌀䏐䎀䓰 䓰䌠䎰䓰䍐䐠䐐䓰 䌀䏐䌀䎰䎀䍰 䐐䌠䌀䍀䍐䌐䏐䒰䑐 䏠䌐䐀䓰䍀䏠䌠 䎀 䎀䑐 䍰䏐䌀䑰䍐䏐䎀䓰

䏐䌀 䏰䐀䎀䏀䍐䐀䍐 䎠䏠䐀䏠䎰䍐䌠䐐䎠䎀䑐 䐐䌠䌀䍀䍐䌐 䌠 䄠䍐䎰䎀䎠䏠䌐䐀䎀䐠䌀䏐䎀䎀.䅰䌀䍀䌀䑰䎀 䎀䐐䐐䎰䍐䍀䏠䌠䌀䏐䎀䓰:1).䇠䑐䌀䐀䌀䎠䐠䍐䐀䎀䍰䏠䌠䌀䐠䓀 䑠䍐䐀䍐䏀䏠䏐䎀䓠 䏰䐀䏠䌠䍐䍀䍐䏐䎀䓰 䎠䏠䐀䏠䎰䍐䌠䐐䎠䎀䑐 䐐䌠䌀䍀䍐䌐;2).䇰䐀䏠䌀䏐䌀䎰䎀䍰䎀䐀䏠䌠䌀䐠䓀 䏠䐠䎰䎀䑰䎀䐠䍐䎰䓀䏐䒰䍐 䏠䐐䏠䌐䍐䏐䏐䏠䐐䐠䎀 䎠䏠䐀䏠䎰䍐䌠䐐䎠䎀䑐 䐐䌠䌀䍀䍐䌐䏐䒰䑐

䐠䏠䐀䍠䍐䐐䐠䌠 䐀䌀䍰䏐䒰䑐 䓐䏰䏠䑐;3).䆀䐐䐐䎰䍐䍀䏠䌠䌀䐠䓀 䌠䎰䎀䓰䏐䎀䍐 䎠䏠䐀䏠䎰䍐䌠䐐䎠䎀䑐 䐐䌠䌀䍀䍐䌐 䏐䌀 䐐䏰䎰䏠䑰䍐䏐䎀䍐 䏐䌀䑠䎀䎀.䈠䎀䏰 䐀䌀䌐䏠䐠䒰: 䐀䍐䑀䍐䐀䌀䐠䎀䌠䏐䌀䓰 䐀䌀䌐䏠䐠䌀 䐐 䎀䐐䐐䎰䍐䍀䏠䌠䌀䐠䍐䎰䓀䐐䎠䎀䏀 䎠䏠䏀䏰䏠䏐䍐䏐䐠䏠䏀.䄰䎀䏰䏠䐠䍐䍰䌀: 䎠䏠䐀䏠䎰䍐䌠䐐䎠䌀䓰 䐐䌠䌀䍀䓀䌐䌀 – 䏐䍐 䐠䏠䎰䓀䎠䏠 䎠䐀䌀䐐䎀䌠䌀䓰 䑠䍐䐀䍐䏀䏠䏐䎀䓰, 䏐䏠 䎀 䐐䐠䎀䏀䐰䎰

䍀䎰䓰 䍐䍀䎀䏐䍐䏐䎀䓰 䏐䌀䑠䎀䎀.䆀䐐䏰䏠䎰䓀䍰䐰䍐䏀䒰䍐 䏀䍐䐠䏠䍀䒰:1. 䇰䏠䎀䐐䎠 䎀 䏠䌐䐀䌀䌐䏠䐠䎠䌀 䎀䏐䑀䏠䐀䏀䌀䑠䎀䎀2. 䇰䍐䐀䍐䌠䏠䍀䒰 䐠䍐䎠䐐䐠䏠䌠 (䐐䏠䌐䐐䐠䌠䍐䏐䏐䒰䍐).3.䄀䏐䌀䎰䎀䍰 䎀䐐䐠䏠䐀䎀䑰䍐䐐䎠䎀䑐 䎀䐐䐠䏠䑰䏐䎀䎠䏠䌠.䆰䏠䌰䎀䎠䌀 䎀䍰䎰䏠䍠䍐䏐䎀䓰 䐠䍐䏀䒰1. 䇠䐐䏠䌐䍐䏐䏐䏠䐐䐠䎀 䏰䐀䏠䐠䏠䎠䏠䎰䌀 䎠䏠䐀䏠䎰䍐䌠䐐䎠䎀䑐 䐐䌠䌀䍀䍐䌐.2. 䅰䏐䌀䏀䍐䏐䎀䐠䒰䍐 䐐䌠䌀䍀䓀䌐䒰 䎠䏠䐀䏠䎰䍐䌠䐐䎠䎀䑐 䐐䍐䏀䍐䎐 䄠䍐䎰䎀䎠䏠䌐䐀䎀䐠䌀䏐䎀䎀.3. 䈐䌠䌀䍀䓀䌐䌀 䏰䐀䎀䏐䑠䌀 䄠䎀䎰䓀䓰䏀䌀 䎀 䆠䍐䎐䐠 䇀䎀䍀䍀䎰䐠䏠䏐 䎀 䏰䏠䍀䒠䍐䏀 䏀䏠䏐䌀䐀䑐䎀䑰䍐䐐䎠䎀䑐 䏐䌀䐐䐠䐀䏠䍐䏐䎀䎐

䌐䐀䎀䐠䌀䏐䑠䍐䌠䇠䏰䎀䐐䌀䏐䎀䍐 䐐䏠䌐䐐䐠䌠䍐䏐䏐䏠䌰䏠 䌠䎠䎰䌀䍀䌀 䌠 䐀䌀䍰䐀䌀䌐䏠䐠䎠䐰 䐠䍐䏀䒰:

䇠䌐䍰䏠䐀 䎀 䐐䎀䐐䐠䍐䏀䌀䐠䎀䍰䌀䑠䎀䓰 䎀䏐䑀䏠䐀䏀䌀䑠䎀䎀, 䐐䌠䓰䍰䌀䏐䏐䏠䎐 䐐 䏰䐀䏠䐠䏠䎠䏠䎰䏠䏀 䏰䐀䏠䌠䍐䍀䍐䏐䎀䓰 䐐䌠䌀䍀䍐䌐䏐䏠䎐䑠䍐䐀䍐䏀䏠䏐䎀䎀. 䄀䏐䌀䎰䎀䍰 䏐䏠䌠䏠䌠䌠䍐䍀䍐䏐䎀䎐 䌠 䏰䐀䏠䌠䍐䍀䍐䏐䎀䍐 䐐䌠䌀䍀䍐䌐 䎀 䎀䑐 䌠䎰䎀䓰䏐䎀䓰 䏐䌀 䐰䐐䎀䎰䍐䏐䎀䍐 䏀䏠䏐䌀䐀䑐䎀䎀.

䄠䒰䌠䏠䍀䒰:䆠䏠䐀䏠䎰䍐䌠䐐䎠䌀䓰 䐐䌠䌀䍀䓀䌐䌀—䐐䍐䐀䓀䍐䍰䏐䏠䍐 䏀䍐䐀䏠䏰䐀䎀䓰䐠䎀䍐, 䎀䏀䍐䓠䒐䍐䍐 䌠䌀䍠䏐䏠䍐 䌰䏠䐐䐰䍀䌀䐀䐐䐠䌠䍐䏐䏐䏠䍐

䍰䏐䌀䑰䍐䏐䎀䍐. 䄠䒰䌐䏠䐀 䍠䍐䏐䎀䑐䌀 䎀䎰䎀 䏐䍐䌠䍐䐐䐠䒰 䍀䎀䎠䐠䐰䍐䐠䐐䓰 䏰䐀䍐䍠䍀䍐 䌠䐐䍐䌰䏠 䌰䏠䐐䐰䍀䌀䐀䐐䐠䌠䍐䏐䏐䒰䏀䎀䎀䏐䐠䍐䐀䍐䐐䌀䏀䎀, 䐠䌀䎠 䎠䌀䎠 䏠䐠 䓐䐠䏠䌰䏠 䍰䌀䌠䎀䐐䎀䐠 䌐䐰䍀䐰䒐䍐䍐 䏐䌀䑠䎀䎀. 䈐䌀䏀䏠 䏀䍐䐀䏠䏰䐀䎀䓰䐠䎀䍐 䍠䍐䐐䐠䎠䏠䐀䍐䌰䎰䌀䏀䍐䏐䐠䎀䐀䏠䌠䌀䏐䏠, 䍐䌰䏠 䏰䐀䏠䐠䏠䎠䏠䎰 䐰䐠䌠䍐䐀䍠䍀䌀䍐䐠䐐䓰 䏐䌀 䌠䒰䐐䒀䍐䏀 䐰䐀䏠䌠䏐䍐. 䆠 䐐䑰䌀䐐䐠䓀䓠,䐠䍐䑐䏐䎀䑰䍐䐐䎠䌀䓰 䐐䐠䏠䐀䏠䏐䌀 䐐䌠䌀䍀䍐䌐䏐䏠䎐 䑠䍐䐀䍐䏀䏠䏐䎀䎀 䏠䐐䐠䌀䍐䐠䐐䓰 䌠 䐠䍐䏐䎀 䓐䐠䏠䌰䏠 䐀䏠䐐䎠䏠䒀䏐䏠䌰䏠 䏰䐀䌀䍰䍀䏐䎀䎠䌀.

䆀䏐䑀䏠䐀䏀䌀䑠䎀䏠䏐䏐䒰䍐 䎀䐐䐠䏠䑰䏐䎀䎠䎀:1. “Royal weddings”. 䄠䄠䈐, Facebook Magazine, 20102. J.D.Heyman:”The Royals.Their Lives, Loves and Secrets”. TIME INC, 2007

䈠䍐䏀䌀 䐀䌀䌐䏠䐠䒰: 䆀䐐䐠䏠䐀䎀䓰 䐐䏠䍰䍀䌀䏐䎀䓰 䎠䏠䐀䏰䏠䐀䌀䑠䎀䓰 Apple 䎀 䍐䍐䐐䏠䍰䍀䌀䐠䍐䎰䎀

䈰䑰䌀䐐䐠䏐䎀䎠䎀: 䄐䏠䌰䏠䏀䏠䎰䏠䌠䌀 䅐䎰䎀䍰䌀䌠䍐䐠䌀, 䆰䒰䐐䍐䏐䎠䏠 䄀䏐䌰䍐䎰䎀䏐䌀; 9䌀; 䄰䄐䇠䈰 䈐䇠䊀 № 274䈀䐰䎠䏠䌠䏠䍀䎀䐠䍐䎰䓀: 䆠䐰䍰䏐䍐䑠䏠䌠䐐䎠䌀䓰 䇐䌀䐠䌀䎰䎀䓰 䇀䎀䑐䌀䎐䎰䏠䌠䏐䌀

䇀䒰 䌠䒰䌐䐀䌀䎰䎀 䍀䌀䏐䏐䐰䓠 䐠䍐䏀䐰, 䏰䏠䐠䏠䏀䐰 䑰䐠䏠 䏠䏐䌀 䌀䎠䐠䐰䌀䎰䓀䏐䌀 䏰䏠 䐐䍐䌰䏠䍀䏐䓰䒀䏐䎀䎐 䍀䍐䏐䓀!䆠䏠䐀䏰䏠䐀䌀䑠䎀䓰 “Apple” 䌠䒰䍰䒰䌠䌀䍐䐠 䌐䏠䎰䓀䒀䏠䎐 䎀䏐䐠䍐䐀䍐䐐 䐐䏠 䐐䐠䏠䐀䏠䏐䒰 䏰䏠䎠䐰䏰䌀䐠䍐䎰䍐䎐.䆠䏠䐀䏰䏠䐀䌀䑠䎀䓰 “Apple”-䓐䐠䏠 䌀䏀䍐䐀䎀䎠䌀䏐䐐䎠䌀䓰 䎠䏠䐀䏰䏠䐀䌀䑠䎀䓰. 䇠䏐䌀 䓰䌠䎰䓰䍐䐠䐐䓰 䏠䍀䏐䎀䏀 䎀䍰䏰䐀䏠䎀䍰䌠䏠䍀䎀䐠䍐䎰䍐䎐 䏰䍐䐀䐐䏠䏐䌀䎰䓀䏐䒰䑐 䎀 䏰䎰䌀䏐䒀䍐䐠䏐䒰䑐 䎠䏠䏀䏰䓀䓠䐠䍐䐀䏠䌠, 䐠䍐䎰䍐䑀䏠䏐䏠䌠 .䈐 䎠䌀䍠䍀䒰䏀䌰䏠䍀䏠䏀 “Apple” 䌠䏠䍰䌠䐀䌀䒐䌀䍐䐠 䐐䍐䌐䍐 䐐䐠䌀䐠䐰䐐 䎰䎀䍀䍐䐀䌀 䐀䒰䏐䎠䌀 䎠䏠䏀䏰䓀䓠䐠䍐䐀䏐䒰䑐 䐠䍐䑐䏐䏠䎰䏠䌰䎀䎐.

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XIV 䇐䌀䐰䑰䏐䏠-䏰䐀䌀䎠䐠䎀䑰䍐䐐䎠䌀䓰 䎠䏠䏐䑀䍐䐀䍐䏐䑠䎀䓰 䐰䑰