EMPIRES OF THE WORLD IN

1500 CE

OUTLINE European Kingdoms Africa (Songhai state) Gunpowder States (Ottomans,

Safavids, Mughals) Asia (China & Japan) American Civilizations (Aztecs, Inca) Trade Networks / Product Origins

EUROPEAN KINGDOMS Holy Roman Empire

Location: Northern Italy and German States

Close ties to the Catholic Church

Ruled by the Hapsburgs (Charles V)

FRANCE

Wins 100 Years WarEmerges as most powerful continental nation state under the Capetian dynasty

ENGLANDNorman Conquest results in Anglo-Saxon/French culture

Loss in 100 Years War ends British claim to the continent

Henry VIII (a Tudor King) is the current ruler

Parliament controls the money

SPAIN

Reconquista reestablishes Christian European dominance over Moors (Muslims)

Spanish Armada is major force

Beginning exploration of the Americas

RUSSIAIvan III unites Ruscovite principalities

Overthrows Mongols

Russian Orthodox culture

AFRICA Songhai

Controlled the Gold-Salt trade

Islamic religionTimbuktu: Islamic Cultural Center and city

OTTOMAN EMPIRE Ottomans (Today’s Turks)Conquer Byzantines in 1453 (Constantinople becomes Istanbul)

Empire on 3 continents (Asia, Europe and Africa) united by Islam

Take Balkans up to ViennaSunni MuslimsTrade in coffee and ceramics

DECLINE OF THE OTTOMANS

• Decline of the Ottoman Empire

1798-1920

• Nation state of Turkey emerges

SAFAVID EMPIRE (PERSIAN)

Location=Southwest Asia (Iran today)

Religion=Islam (Shi’ite/Shi’a)

Silk Trade

PALACE AT ISFAHAN

MUGHAL EMPIRE Location= North and

Central Indian subcontinent

Religion=Islam, but the people are mostly Hindu

• Establish trade with Europeans along SW coast (Portuguese, English, Dutch)

Emperor Shah Jahan built the Taj Mahal in 1629

MING EMPIRE (CHINA)

Overthrow MongolsExplorations of Admiral Zheng He

Beijing and Forbidden City

Establish European trade enclaves to limit outside influences

Ming Empire in 1580 CE

TOKUGAWA SHOGUNATE (JAPAN)

Tokugawa Shogunate unifies feudal Japan (Muskets)

Social Pyramid :Emperor, Shogun, Daimyo, Samurai, Peasants (strict)

Isolationist (Act of Seclusion)

FEUDAL SOCIETYShogu

n

Daimyo

Samurai

Peasants

AZTEC EMPIRE Location= Central Mexico Capital city=Tenochtitlan

TENOCHTITLAN

INCA EMPIRES Location= western South America Capital city=Cuzco

INCA AND AZTEC Society=hierarchical, led by Emperor Religion= polytheism, included human

sacrifice Depended on tribute from surrounding

states

TRADE GOODS Asia: Paper, Compass, Silk, Porcelain India: Textiles, # System, Spices,

Gems Middle East: Astronomy, Medicines,

Mathematics (al jabr) Africa: Ivory and Gold