Бонк Салтыкова English for Advanced Learners.doc

7/23/2019 English for Advanced Learners.doc

1/305

2009


2/305

...................................................................................... 6

Unit One"English as an international language"...................................................9

Exercises........................................................................................... 2

Unit TwoPart 1

"!he tor#$!eller" %# &ector &ugh 'unro (%eginning)............................29Exercises........................................................................................... **

Part 2"!he tor#$!eller" %# &ector &ugh 'unro (en+).....................................,,Exercises........................................................................................... ,-

Unit ThreeParti

"!he isco/er# o 1erica an+ the 3irst 4ritish 1tte5tsto ettle in the e7 8orl+"................................................................6Exercises........................................................................................... 6,

Part 2"!he 4ritish go on coloniing 1erica".................................................:2Exercises........................................................................................... :;

Unit FourParti

"!he 4eatles $ " ........................................2Exercises......................................................................................... ;

Part 2"?s glo%al 7aring connecte+ to the hole in the oone la#er>" ..........2,Exercises......................................................................................... 2:

Unit !i"

Parti"!he @a5itoline Aenus" %# 'ar= !7ain (%eginning)..............................*9Exercises.........................................................................................,*


3/305

Part 2"!he @a5itoline Aenus" %# 'ar= !7ain (en+) ......................................;2Exercises......................................................................................... ;;

Unit !eenParti

"@hanel $ Bu%lic 3ae an+ Bri/ate Eniga".......................................6*Exercises......................................................................................... 66

Part 2"&aute @outure"............................................................................... :-Exercises......................................................................................... -0

Unit #i$htParti

"B#galionCs 3air Da+#" (5art )........................................................--Exercises......................................................................................... 9

Part 2"B#galionCs 3air Da+#" (5art 2)........................................................20

Exercises.........................................................................................20*

Unit %ineParti

"8h# +o 5eo5le tra/el>"....................................................................2,Exercises......................................................................................... 2-

Part 2"=#scra5ers the &istor#".................................................................22-Exercises......................................................................................... 2*

Unit TenParti

"!ransatlantic @onnections" (5art )...................................................2,2Exercises......................................................................................... 2,;

Part 2"!ransatlantic @onnections" (5art 2)...................................................2;2Exercises.........................................................................................2;,

Aoca%ular#....................................................................................... 26,

Fe#s...............................................................................................2:2

GHIJH KLLMN OK..............................................................*00


4/305

&'()*+,-)'

PQILR SLHTLHQL U VNW RV KXV VHVQL ILSYTHVYU HLZ[RK UTMRK RHR V\HJUN SLLZI]LUW VHR SOLHYL[ UVYLV. ^LHQ ZUW\LM LLM ZHKKHVQR V\RV\M LHRSL HRVLM[RHI\U SKL 2;00$2:00 .

^TVLW LHRW QV \LY UTMR[ RKSVLJ L NHLUV$UW Z SVULL L SXHVY. _VW HT\KVUW KXL HVYHKVUVYLW QVHU N\XVLL\` VHV\\ SR\W JLH$SHLL \HU H$ VSHQ LH HLZ[RK UTMRW SYT\$UY \QH LINKV LHXLMK HUK V. . bYTUW HT\$KVUW LJLHVY V\ L\` OK\ THLUV[ S \RVKSSHHVU.

^KLL U Z\SSMN L\HYLMN THLUV[ S\RVK SSHHVU SLHTLHQLH SX Z VH RLZH. dV X KU LH KXV IMVY SYTHLH RHR HK\QVY.

L[ RHXZ \RH$RKSRH UUVU VRV $ STLHHVYLM[WSIKLM[ OHI\YLM[W SU]LLM[ SLL[ VK. fVK $ VHV\ HLZ[RZ UTMRH RHR KX\LHLZW KLLHU K\$TMRHW SIKM ZIHYLZ SVSLUW KHW S\VVU U \$ZN VKW LVLMN U I\XLU. H N\XVLLMN STLU(HRHTM fHR (HL) HRH GLH) L SZY HHSVHJ.

d IT R`QLU VRVM LHM]LM RR[W R \SVIU$K[ N\XVLL[ VHV\ VHN KH[ LOKHJ.HX IL H`][ LVHLLMK UTMRK QR VRLVU

IYK RQVK W RVMN L L TLHV. HVY VN W T$KXLW [V Z HRVLM[ RHI\UW L IYLV \QH LSV LH\QVU N SHYL SLKHVY L IUVYU VZW QV Z R$QRZ IZHVVH UTMRH \VY LTKXLW HX QY V LK UTMR.

RYR\ L[ \RH UUVU VRVW SQLHU THHQH$Z SQVL SLMKW RLHYLMK SLKHLK. VK\ SK]Y I\QH`]K\U SSHHV` TH VRVK \V HYWXH][ S N VRVK TLHQL. j SLSVHL VKW RHR SYT\VU UTMRW HVU SJHYLK \SHXLLW XH]K SKM \SVILU HLLZH. _V \SHXLL T$TH Z LHM]LLV RQR[

LOKHJ[ JIHTL HSVY LH LRYR THLUV[.


5/305

QVLU VRVH SHZHVU I\VY LRYR SW RV$M SKZ\V SSHHV` LHQHVY \R IM.

fVKH \SHXLL[ XV SM S XHL` VR$VHW RQR ZHKKHVQR THHLU. RYR\ SS$HZHVUW QV LLM ZHKKHVQR V\RV\M \LMW S$ILMN SULL[ L HVUW K`VU Y RHVR LHSKLHLUW

S\SXH`] IRW VSQLM U \RUTMQLMN I\QH`]N$U. IkULU`VU Y V ZHKKHVQR ULUW RVM U XHY SM\]K R\ I\QLU. _V IV to be likely(unlikely), \SVIL ZHZH wish U VZW QVIM MHTVY XH$L S S\ V\HJ LHVU]KW SK I\\]KW XL RHT\K VSH It seems (appears, happens, etc.) + LOLV QHVJ[ to.

HKKHVQR \SHXLLU LHKLL L MU`VU HKV$UVYLM[ HTW H Q\`VU RQRK QMKW QVW RHR S$RHTH SMVW LH VK VHS I\QLU SKZHV TIXHVY KLVLLV LH\R. VK\ SSHHV` RKL\VU S SHLHL \RHSXHVYU SHVYLV \SHXLL[W SHZHK[ \QI$

LRK. GRVM HZW SKQLLM TLHQRK mW KXL S\HVYLH @. YKLLM THHLUW SKQLLM TLHQRK JIHTLMSLUVY KHW RH. LHI V\LMK \SHXLLUK H`V$U R`Q$VVM. \SHXLLUKW Z L\XL SV UTLM VRVM \RZ UTMRH LH HLZ[R[W R`QHN HVU SVKHYLM[ (L LLVLL TKXLM[) HHLV SH.

jHZHK p\HL _L X\L TH SKV \RS JLLMTHKQHLU VVQRZ NHHRVH. bHKUW QV RLZH RHXVU S$TL[ U VNW LH RZ LH LVHLH.

b. q. jLRW . . fHVMRH


6/305

U%.T O%# Language is the dress of thought.Samuel Johnson (1709-1784),English writer, critic and lexicograher

Discuss this before you read the text.

. 8h# ha/e #ou +eci+e+ to go on learning English>2. 8hat +o #ou ex5ect o this course>*. &o7 ol+ 7ere #ou 7hen #ou %egan learning English>,. i+ #ou eno# #our lessons then>;. &o7 long ha/e #ou %een learning English>6. &o7 +o #ou =ee5 u5 #our English>:. &a/e #ou e/er %een a%roa+>-. &a/e #ou %een to an# English$s5ea=ing countries>

9. o #ou rea+ %oo=s in English>0. 8hat =in+ o %oo=s +o #ou li=e>. o #ou rea+ English ne7s5a5ers>2. o #ou use the +ictionar# 7hen rea+ing>

i

/0!30i 6i 0

89:3%3;3 029? /%

^ ^

-^ y @A@!Bi

2 >AHU;3

l$ & 41&1'1 'f A!5

IGJ%K %OATB#A%

CLJ>>MN H3A.3%3

C -Q .!R3%;!

A>0"{u#161()*+,C$ |! } w4E


7/305

Read the text and make sure that you understand it. The list of new wordson p. !" will help you.

#%KR.!B 3! 3% .%T#A%3T.O%3R R3%KU3K#Q

!he 5resent$+a# 7orl+ status o English is the result o t7o ain actorsthe e"5angion o 4ritish colonial 5o7erW 7hich 5eae to7ar+s the en+ othe nineteenth centur#W an+ the ejer$en


8/305

wnit one

lish an+ 4ritish English are ri9tin$ a5art so ra5i6L that 7ithin 200 #ears thet7o nations 7onCt %e a%le to un+erstan+ each other at all. !hat a# %e. 4uti the 4riton an+ 1erican o the 22n+centur# ka996e each otherW it sees al$

together li=el# that the# 7onCt conuse an# others $ notW at leastW i the resto the 7orl+ continues ex5ro5riating English 7or+s an+ 5hrases at its 5resentrateW1n+ here coes another i5ortant reason 7h# English has the right to%e consi+ere+ "!he 8orl+Cs Danguage". !here is no +en#ing the act that an#i5ortant in/entionsW a+e in aor English$s5ea=ing countriesW ha/e %ecoean inte$ra6 5art o o+ern lie. nce "the thing" is %orro7e+W its nae is %or$ro7e+ together 7ith it. uch 7or+s as Cco5uterCW CeailCW C?nternetCW CcastingCWCiageCW etc. ha/e oun+ their 6e$itijate 5lace in other languages. ?n


9/305

unemua66e 1nCii=7al+ a/% LST[LLM[syn. inco5ara%le VCRVZ a/% LHLKM[

retort nCtot 5 TR THTVYW SHHVYcanCt hel5 ... L KZ\ L ...

$eneroug C+engrgs a/% ]M[aggertion *Cs*~an \VXLW \XL

a=e an assertion MRHTHVY \VXLassert sCs*t 5\VXHVYW THUVY

aanta$e a+C/ati+s SK\]Vjer


10/305

wnit one

#uestions for dis$ussion.

. 1ccor+ing to the text English has %ecoe an international language. o

#ou agree or +isagree> {i/e #our reasons.2. 1nother assertionW containe+ in the text is that the 7hole range o 7riting(i.e. literatureW etc.) in English is uneualle+ an#7here else in the 7orl+.? #ou +onCt agree gi/e #our counter$arguents.

*. o 5eo5le in the orer 4ritish colonies still use English as an oicialsecon+ language>

. o #ou thin= that English is easier to learn than other languages>2. 8hat +o #ou thin= o the 5resent status o the ,. ?s %orro7ing oreign 7or+s a noral 5rocess or is it harul or the

other tongue>;. o #ou agree or +isagree 7ith the 5re+iction that 7ithin 200 #ears the

4ritish an+ the 1ericans 7ill s5ea= t7o +ierent languages> {i/e #our

reasons.6. o #ou thin= English 7ill 5reser/e its 7orl+ language 5osition in the uture>

:. 8hich language a#W in #our o5inionW re5lace English as an internationallanguage in the uture>

0.o #ou thin= the . 8hat +o #ou thin= can %e consi+ere+ stan+ar+

E|E


11/305

2. ...\HU`VU (VHU`VU) \Z V \ZH...*. ...SNX LH VW QV L U THV\LUV...,. ... LMLL[ (VSL[) RVY`...;. ...LYTU VJHVY VZW QV...6. ...VH LVkKK[ QHVY`...:. ...ZHHLLM[ KX\LHLM[ UTMR I]LU...-. ...R \QK\ R N\K\... (R I\ R N\\)

CO:3[UR3AX

Read and translate these senten$es into Russian so as to ha(e a *etteridea of how these words $an *e used.

e"5an 5, e"5angion n. 'etals ex5an+ 7hen the# are heate+.2. !his sall to7n has ex5an+e+ into a large in+ustrial centre uite recentl#.*. 3oreign tra+e has ex5an+e+ +uring recent #ears.

,. !he electronic in+ustr# has %een un+ergoing a 5erio+ o ra5i+ ex5ansion.. !he no/el is actuall# an ex5ansion o a short stor# he 7rote 7hen he

7as #oung.;. Ex5ansion into ne7 areas o research is li=el# to continue in the near uture.

5ea=nW 5ea= /. !he sun ha+ risen an+ the# coul+ see the ountain 5ea=s.2. !raic is at its 5ea= %et7een , an+ 6 5..*. 3he :eatles 7ere at the 5ea= o their ae in the sixties o the last

centur#. !heir 5o5ularit# 5ea=e+ in the sixties.,. !ouris is at its 5ea= in suer.

ejer$e v, ejer$en


12/305

wnit one

kear v, unkearak6e a/%. ur 5lans ha/e korne ruit at last.2. &e 7as korn 4ritish.

*. 3e7 5eo5le can %ear ru+eness.,. canCt %ear his anners. ( ? canCt stan+ his anners.);. !he heat 7as ust un%eara%le6. !his noise is getting un%eara%le


13/305

ran$e a ountain range a range ohills a 7i+e range o researcha 7i+e range o goo+s

. 8e ha/e the ull range o sies in a 7i+e range o 5rices.2. !he#C/e 5ro+uce+ a ne7 range o cars recentl#.

*. &e has a 7i+e range o =no7le+ge.,. he has a 7i+e range o interests.;. !he# ha/e +e/elo5e+ a 7i+e range o acti/ities.6. 8e ha/e co/ere+ a 7i+e range o su%ects.

emua6 a/%, emua6itL ?C=7ohti n, unemua66e a/%. Eual 5a# or eual 7or=.2. ne gallon is eual to ,W; litres.*. !he# are ighting or the eualit# o 7oen ( ...or 7oen to %e eual

7ith en).,. !his schoolCs success rate is uneualle+ in to7n.;. !hough sallW this restaurant oers a range o ish +ishes uneualle+

an#7here else in Don+on.6. uring these #ears the countr# has %een eno#ing a 5erio+ o uneualle+

econoic 5rogress.

retort 5. C!o retortC eans to a=e a uic= an+ cle/er ans7er. !he %est


14/305

wnit one

,. &e has a /er# generous (=in+) nature.

;. !hereCs a generous ( =in+er than +eser/e+) re/ie7 o the %oo= into+a#Cs ne7s5a5er.

6. hW this slice o ca=e is too generous ( large) or e:. !he ac=et is unli=el# to %e too sall or #ou. ?t is /er# generousl# cut.

-. &is generosit# is inco5ara%le.

aggert v, aggertion n, to jae an aggertion

. ?snCt it nonsense to assert that so=ing +oesnCt +o #ou an# har>

2. !hough he a+e nuerous assertions that he 7as innocentW he 7asta=en to court an+ oun+ guilt#.

aanta$e n, tae aanta$e oer sth or gtoN igaanta$e n

. ur ne7 house has se/eral a+/antages o/er the ol+ one.

2. !hose +ishonest 5eo5le ust too= a+/antage o the ol+ anCs

generosit#.*. &a+ he =no7n ho7 to turn e/er#thing to his o7n a+/antageW he 7oul+

%e a rich an no7.

,. ? #ou +onCt s5ea= goo+ EnglishW #ouCll %e at a %ig +isa+/antage 7hen

#ou tr# to get a o%.

jer


15/305

. ? 7on+er 7h# #ou a/oi+ s5ea=ing to the a%out #our 5ro%les.2. 8e erciull# a/oi+e+ a great +anger.*. !he s5ea=er a/oi+e+ a=ing an# assertions. &e onl# i5lie+ that the

ne7 in/ention 7as li=el# to %e useul.,. ? ? 7ere #ouW ?C+ tr# to a/oi+ asserting an#thing at the oent.

re6L (on, upon) v, re6iak6e a/%. ? rel# on #our 7or+.2. &eCs an honest an+ generous an. ou can ull# rel# on hi or a+/ice

an+ su55ort.*. !he 7eather can ne/er %e relie+ u5on. ?t is al7a#s changing.,. &eCs not to %e entirel# relie+ onW ?C arai+.;. !heir guarantee .gseranCti is a%solutel# relia%le.6. !his inoration sees unrelia%le. oW it canCt %e relie+ onW ?C sure.:. '# car is se/en #ears ol+ %ut itCs still airl# relia%le.

kookLtra5 n&a+ ? =no7n that so an# %oo%#$tra5s 7oul+ eergeW ? 7oul+ ha/e

ne/er starte+ the %usiness.

gti99 a/%. 1 sti collar (VLQR)W a sti %rushW a sti sile (aceW anner)W

a sti %attle (XVQLLHU IVH)W sti resistance (\SL).2. '# legs elt so sti that ? coul+ har+l# go on 7al=ing.*. &e 7as scare+ sti.,. &is sti anner a=es hi un5leasant to +eal 7ith.

5roerk n, 5roerkia6 a/%. 1 5ro/er% is a short 7ell$=no7n stateent that contains a+/ice a%out

lie in general.

. &is generosit# has %ecoe 5ro/er%ial.

consistent a!, inconsistent a!, consistenc# n, inconsistenc# n. @onsistent arguentsW actionsW a consistent 5olic#.2. ? +onCt see an# consistenc# in their actions.*. !hat 7as the %eginning o rien+shi5 o lasting consistenc#.,. &e coul+nCt %ear an# inconsistenc# 7ith his 5rinci5les.

gtir 5, gtir n. Det e ha/e a teas5oon. ? 7ant to stir # tea.2. 8ar the tea5ot %eore a++ing one teas5oonul or each 5erson an+

"one or the 5ot". 4ring resh 7ater to the %oil an+ 5our ie+iatel#.

1llo7 the tea to %re7 or i/e inutesW then stir an+ ser/e.

17


16/305

wnit one

*. Fee5 stirring the sou5 until it %oils.

,. 8e 7ere all stirre+ %# his s5eech.

;. ? coul+nCt hel5 %eing stirre+ %# the il.

6. !he ne7s cause+ uite a stir.

ri9t v, ri9t a5art 5

. !he /er% C+ritC 7as %orro7e+ %# the


17/305

PA (Bu%lic


18/305

wnit one

o7 ? (sta#) 7ith # rien+s 7ho (li/e) here or a%out ten #ears. othe# (=no7) the cit# 5rett# 7ell. !he onl# 5ro%le is the# al7a#s (uarrel)o/er sill# things so ? (5reer) to 7al= aroun+ Don+on on # o7n.

? (arri/e) three +a#s ago an+ alrea+# (see) soe 5laces o interest the!o7erW 4ig 4enW !raalgar uare an+ soe others. 1n+ ? (/isit) the ational{aller# an+ the 4ritish 'useu.

? (thin=) o atten+ing a language school here. ? (not a=e) an# en$uiries a%out such schools #etW %ut ? (not thin=) ? shoul+ iss this o5$5ortunit# to i5ro/e # English 7hile ? (%e) here. Beo5le here (see)to %e rien+l# an+ hel5ul. ? (tr#) to s5ea= English as uch as 5ossi%le.Beo5le (un+erstan+) e ?tCs 7on+erul %ecause ? (learn) English or onl#t7o #ears.

?tCs a 5it# #ou (not %e) here 7ith e. ? canCt hel5 thin=ing a%out #ou.ou (iss) e>

Do/eWatasha

4 5atya wants to write a letter to her friend /an0 who is 6ut$h. he is nowon a short holiday in t. 7eters*urg. 8elp her translate this letter into&nglish.

Z[ L

SRHL SX\ KU VI\Z LRZH L IMH TY VZW SVK\ RHXM[ LY SLV QV$V LVL LX$HLL.

f[QH U X\ \ [ S\Z. LH LKHV RHV\ LHR VJLVH ZH. M L[ TLHRKM RM. RLQHLU RMLH \NHH VI\Z SV\SH \LVVW Z \QVU \X HZH. U S\ZHW RLQLW TLHVW QV VV SKVVY Z.

\X SIMHH _KVHX SHL\` S[V \R[ K\T[ LHLUN. fHK S I Z $ ZKLM[ K\T[. bH LUN KM K[ S\$Z[ Z\U S Z\W U OVZHOHH KH SHKUVLRW RVMKL SLHY IY Z. bRYR OVZHO[ U SMH` VI VK SYKK. d Z QLY KLZ V\V Z KH. QLYXHYW QV VIU LV KL[. b KZ\ L \KHVY VKW QV VI IM TYQLY SLHY.

f LVSLK X\ VVH V VIU. f`IY W

HVU.

20


19/305

9 Read the dialogue. :n pairs0 a$t out similar dialogues. 2ou may $hoose anysu*;e$t you like for your $on(ersations.

3t an .nternationa6 :on9eren


20/305

wnit one

6. !here are ... 5eo5le 7ho a# a55l# or this o%. ?tCs 5restigious an+ 7ell5ai+.

:. !he eals are a7ulW %ut strangel# enoughW /er# ... 5eo5le co5lain.

-. !he eals are a7ul. o 7on+er uite ... 5eo5le co5lain.9. !he text 7as eas# to translate. !here 7ere /er# ... 7or+s ? ha+ to loo=

u5 in the +ictionar#.

0. !he text onl# sees eas# to translate. !here are ... %oo%#$tra5s in it. Da+ies an+ {entleen Det e sa#... 7or+s a%out the ain a+/antages

o the ne7 etho+.

4.

littleW a little

. ... is =no7n a%out that ol+ ci/iliation2. 8ait...

*. ?C arai+W too ... tie is let to +iscuss e/er#thing in +etail.,. ?C sorr#W #ou canCt sta# ... longer.;. ... 7as let o that lo/el# 5lace ater the earthua=e.

= 7ut in the $orre$t arti$le a ! an or the"

4eore #ou %egin rea+ing ... stor# learn ... e7 7or+s #ou ight not =no7.

8ithout it... huour o... stor# is li=el# to %e lost on #ou.

... stor# is a%out... i5ortance o 5unctuation W51n=tuCei~n. ou ust ha/e

guesse+ ... eaning o... 7or+. ... corres5on+ing /er% is Cto 5unctuateC CSR$

tueit. ... wil/life manual is ... reerence %oo= a%out anials. 3o toss eans to

thro7. ... mammal is ... anial that ee+s its %a%ies 7ith its o7n il=. o7 #ou

can %egin rea+ing ... stor#.

#atgN !hootg ReaegQ

... 5an+a 7al=s into ... cae. &e or+ers ... san+7ichW eats itW then +ra7s ...

gun an+ ires t7o shots in ... air.

"8h#>" as=s ... conuse+ 7aiterW as ... 5an+a a=es to7ar+s ... exit. ...

5an+a 5ro+uces ... %a+l# 5unctuate+ 7il+lie anual an+ tosses it o/er his

shoul+er.

"?C ... 5an+aW" he sa#sW at... +oor. "Doo= it u5."

... 7aiter turns to ... rele/ant entrLQQ an+W sure enoughW in+s ... ex5lanation

;


21/305

@an #ou ex5lain 7h# ... 5an+a too= ... gun an+ ire+ t7o shots in ... air>o #ou un+erstan+ 7hat a=es ... stor# unn#> ? #ou +onCtW #ou 7onCt e/en

sile ater rea+ing it. 8ellW loo= at... last sentence careull#. !here is ... coain itW isnCt there> ... coa a=es ... 7or+ shoots ... /er%W eaning VUVin hat were the 'uestions?

1W E/er# 5ilot an+ shi5Cs ca5tain has to s5ea= English ke


22/305

wnit one

!. >hi$h of the existing languages is most likely to take o(er the status ofan international language? This ta*le will help you to make your

predi$tions.

Danguage (countr#)


23/305

. 8e can rel# ... hi. &e al7a#s =ee5s his 5roise.2. !hat ha55ene+ ... # irst +a# at school.*. &e sai+ that on hearing that he elt ree ... an# o%ligations.

4.oW orW inW onW u5W %#W outW to

? #ou ha/e +eci+e+W ... soe reason or anotherW to learn a oreign lan$guageW #ou ust irst ... all ha/e a /er# clear i+ea ... 7hat #ou nee+ it ... .? it is a atter ... a t7o$7ee= tourist tri5W then it isnCt 7orth s5en+ing #ourtie an+ eort tr#ing to learn graar an+ loo=ing ... the 7or+s #ou 7antto =no7 ... the +ictionar#. 1ll #ou nee+ is a relia%le 5hrase$%oo= (?talian$


24/305

wnit one

. Translate into &nglish0 paying spe$ial attention to the word order.

. LL SNV VNW RV OHRVQR SLU \QHV

ZHLW H SK\]V SHU][ SHV LH SSTJ[.

2. MK SUU T Z K\TLH ZLHYLM[ RV.*. H IHLK SH RLJV.,. d VQL SLN LRYRN V RLKRH V[ VHLM HT

HHY QLY IMV.;. d IMQL[ (\VL[) Q SYK SJM \SVIU`VU

R.

4. 8ere are two reports made *y a Aritish professor of linguisti$s and hisRussian $olleague during a dis$ussion of rele(ant pro*lems at Bos$owCni(ersity. 2ou are an interpreter and ha(e to translate the first report

into Russian and the other into &nglish. ):t=s a paid ;o*D+

. ?t is soeties thought that English has achie/e+ its 7orl+7i+e status%ecause o its linguistic eatures. oe 5eo5le assert that it is a ore logicalor ore %eautiul language than othersW si5ler in graatical structureW orlarger in /oca%ular#. !his =in+ o reasoning is an exa5le o nai/e linguisticthin=ing there are no o%ecti/e stan+ar+s o logic or %eaut# in co5aring+ierent languagesW an+ uestions o 5honeticW graaticalW or lexicalco5lexit# can ne/er %e gi/en si5le ans7ers. 3or exa5leW English a# notha/e an# inlectional en+ings (7hich is 7hat ost 5eo5le are thin=ing o7hen the# tal= a%out English as graaticall# Csi5leC)W %ut it has a highl#co5lex s#ntax an+ the nu%er o en+ings has nothing to +o 7ith the

language %eing use+ 7orl+7i+e (as can %e seen ro the orer success oDatin). Danguages rise an+ all as 7orl+ languages or an# =in+s o reasons $5oliticalW econoicW socialW religiousW literar# $ %ut linguistic reasons +o notran= highl# aong the.

2. ...^ X U \KH`W QV HLZ[R[ UTMRW UVL ZW NHLV [ VHV\ KX\LHLZ UTMRH LH IXH[ V V R VZ. f[QH KL IM NVY RHTHVY LRYR I L[Z QVW RVHU SRH QV L \SKLHHY. L HRLQL. XZW LK KLXV RVRN . VYW RLQLW LLMW VHRW RHRW Cconsistenc#CW ClegislationW CinancialCW CuneualCW Cisinter5retationCW KLZ \ZW L IMQLMN V\HJUN QLL S

NV RVRN LH LLMK LL UL. _V ZKLSK\]V SLLMN HTZHNW RZH M XLM RHTHVYKLZW R VK\ X UL VQLW H KL \ H KH. bHSKW SZHN KX\ SVHK \N HKV LI RHSVHLHK


25/305

\N \ K. dV SQK\ HLZ[R[ VH ZHHLLMK UTMRKI]LU U IYLVH KX\LHLMN HHL[ \XI QT$MQH[LMN V\HJ[.

N N LSUVLMN \RHN HLZ[R[ LVHRSTUV I[VY LK$\KU HK VHKW Z \ZN UTMRHN HKSLHIVU LRYR W TKXLW HX J SXL.

VHH[VY SV CitnessC CB< oicerC LH \R[ UTMRW M S\QV QV$LI\Y NHU OTQRHU OKH V\LRW VQH`][ TH UT I]VLLVY`. HR SVCtal=$sho7C> dMN \X LH[L $ IM SV THKVHL.

M HLV HLZ[R\` RLZ\ (S$LHVU]K\ N\`WRLQL) \RK SK (VX S$LHVU]K\ NK)W M\VW QV SL[ ZHT V]. LZH V] QK\> VS\KH[V I VK. _V LVL.

d V L TLHQVW LHRW QV HLZ[R[ UTMR SNV \Z UTMR QV Z VHV\H UUVU LST[LL[ LZ K. ^ X SNVU STLHVYW QVW R \QK\ R N\K\WHLZ[R[ UTMR VH LHI ZIHYLMK UTMRK ZLULZ

LU. fNHLV L VV VHV\ I\\]K> ZLTM HVY V\L

9. Read the poem. 2ou needn=t learn the new words. They are ;ust an illus"tration of the pro(er*ial in$onsisten$y of &nglish spelling.

The [ookLtra5g o9 #n$6igh !5e66in$

? thin= #ou all alrea+# =no7 tou1h an+ bou1h an+ cou1h an+ /ou1h,oe a# %e %ale+W %ut not #ou:y hiccou1h, thorou1h, tou1h an+ throu1h.8ell +one 1n+ no7 #ou 7ishW 5erha5sW

!o learn o less ailiar tra5s>4e7are o hear/, a +rea+ul 7or+!hat loo=s li=e bear/ an+ soun+s li=e bir/,

1n+ brea/> itCs sai+ li=e be/, not bea/ $'islea+ingW isnCt itW in+ee+8atch out or meat an+ 1reat an+ threat $!he# rh#e 7ith suite an+ strai1ht an+ /ebt.1 moth is not a oth in mother,or %oth in bother or in brother.

1n+ here is not a atch or there,or /ear an+ fear or bear an+pear.

1n+ /o an+ go an+ sai/ an+pai/.

1n+ close an+ come an+ ?ome an+ some.

2V


26/305

wnit one

~ust 7ait !he list has not %een a+e.1 +rea+ul language> E/er# %it o 7hatCs the use o learning it>o learner 7oul+ eerge ali/e

onCt %e arai+ ou 7ill sur/i/e.? s5o=e it at the age o i/e

e7 8or+s

tou$h ty a/%XVR[kou$h %au \RW VRHW VY


27/305

Barti

U%.T TIO :f parents would only realise how they *oretheir $hildrenD#eorge $ernard Shaw (18%&-19%0),'rish dramatist, essaist and critic

Discuss this before you read the story.

. o #ou li=e rea+ing>2. 8hat =in+ o 5rose (or 5oetr#) +o #ou 5reer> (+etecti/e storiesW classi

cal no/elsW huorous storiesW %oo=s %# ne7 authorsW etc.)*. 8oul+ #ou 5reer rea+ing ro a %oo= or a co5uter screen> 8h#>,. 8hat =in+ o inoration is +oinating in #our rea+ing>;. o #ou ostl# rea+ or entertainent or or 5roessional inoration>6. &o7 an# English %oo=s ha/e #ou rea+>:. oes #our English /oca%ular# ex5an+ ater rea+ing a %oo= #ou reall#

li=e+>-. o #ou loo= u5 the 7or+s in the +ictionar# or +o #ou rel# on #our a%ilit#

to guess the eaning>9. &a/e #ou got an# relia%le +ictionaries at hoe>

0. 1re #ou soeties %ale+ %# the graar #ou ha/e ne/er learnt>

P3AT1

Read the story ad !a"e sure that you uderstad it. #he $ist of e%

%ords o &. 31'32 %i$$ he$& you.

TB# !TOAXT#RR#AQ

*ector *ugh +unro (pseudonym Sai, 1870-191&),

short-stor writer and noelist

?t 7as a hot aternoonW an+ the rail7a# carriage 7as


28/305

wnit t7o

o the carriage 7ere a sall girlW an+ a saller girlW an+ a sall %o#. 1naunt ke6on$in$ to the chil+ren occu5ie+ one corner seatW an+ the urthercorner seat on the o55osite si+e 7as occu5ie+ %# a ka


29/305

Barti

"8oul+nCt the# ha/e sa/e+ her i she ha+nCt %een goo+>" +ean+e+ the%igger o the sall girls. ?t 7as exactl# the uestion that the %achelor ha+ 7ante+to as=.

"8ellW #esW" a+itte+ the auntW "%ut ? +onCt thin= the# 7oul+ ha/e run uiteso ast to her hel5 i the# ha+ not li=e+ her so uch."

"?tCs the stu5i+est stor# ?C/e e/er hear+W" sai+ the %igger o the sall girlsW7ith ijjenge


30/305

wnit t7o


31/305

Barti

#q#A:.!#!

. %ind &nglish e'ui(alents in the text for the following )you may think of

*etter Russian translationsD+

. \`][ VHLR SVU NHVY ] SQV QH.2. ...RVM[ L SLHXH R N RKSHL.*. GVU V KLVLL\` I\.,. QK\ VN J SZLU`V VZ SU>;. GHK LV LQZW RK VHM.6. ...SH LTIXLM[ S.:. ...LH ZH VHRW RHR I\V SRHH LKHL R RHR[$V

RV.-. HHU QRH LH LRV HTLIHTW LHQH RH

KHVY...

9. f R\L TLHL LH SYTHH LH SL\ K]LVY.0. jM QLW QVW RK IM L IM QRW THR`Q[ V

SHW LW R ZW Z SZHV.. f V[ S\VHJU NZ HRHTQRHW QLW IMH

L QLY MRH.2. bTRKW VYLMK VLK (ZK)...*. HT L L SH IM ...,. _V IM RHR HT VV SW RVM[ L HK NV THHVY.;. ...L VHH RKKLVHVY HRHT...6. GVU ]VLHYW KZLLL SLU IL\ V V[ LXHL

L[ HVHR.:. ... SLUVYW JLVY.

-. _V \X MTW U Z SLKH`.

CO:3[UR3AX

@. Read and translate these senten$es into Russian so as to ha(e a *etteridea of how these words $an *e used.


32/305

wnit t7o


33/305

Barti

2. 1nother s5ea=er ex5resse+ his e5hatic o5inion (strong %elie) thatother 5eo5leCs interests coul+nCt %e ignore+.

*. he ans7ere+ 7ith an e5hatic CoC.

re6u


34/305

wnit t7o

5ergigt 5 Ein gthN in oin$ gthlN 5ergigten"

. ? #ou 5ersist in so=ingW #ouCll ne/er eel %etter.2. he sho7s great 5ersistence in her 7or=.*. &e %ecae so successul through 5ersistence an+ a%ition.,. &e is /er# 5ersistent %# nature.*. ?t 7as a tie o high an+ 5ersistent une5lo#ent. !he une5lo#ent

rate rose 5ersistentl#.

utter v, utter a/%, utter6L a/5. 1s a /er% the 7or+ CutterC has an utterl# +ierent eaning. ?t eans Cto

sa# sth out lou+C.e.g. he ne/er uttere+ a ru+e 7or+ to an#one.

2. he sat listeningW 7ithout uttering a 7or+.*. !he# ha+ to 7al= on in utter +ar=ness.,. !o # utter sur5rise ? 7as a55ointe+ anaging +irector.;. 1ter the earthua=e the /illage 7as in utter ruin. (!he /illage 7as utterl#

ruine+.)6. ?t 7as utterl# i5ossi%le to a=e out an#thing in that un%eara%le noise.

re


35/305

Barti

rego6ute a/%, rego6ute6L a/5. &is tone 7as ore resolute than usual.. 8e 7ere sur5rise+ %ecause he has ne/er %een consi+ere+ a /er#

resolute 5erson.2. !heir resolute reusal to sign the 5etition 7as utterl# unex5ecte+.*. ?C al7a#s a=ing resolutionsW li=e gi/ing u5 so=ing.2. E/er#%o+# %ut the 3rench +elegate ( exce5t or the 3rench +elegate)

su55orte+ the resolution.

ket n, ket EketN ketl 5. &e 7as tol+ ho7 uch to %et an+ on 7hich horse.2. 8e ha+ a %et 7hether #ouC+ coe.*. &e loo=e+ as i he ha+ lost a %et.,. "? ? e/er a+e a %et on an#thingW ?C+ ne/er 7in. !hatCs ine/ita%le " he

sai+ resolutel#.

reg


36/305

wnit t7o

*. he is a 7oan o iense courage.,. &e is an iensel# resolute an.;. "i+ #ou eno# the 5la#>" "?ensel#"


37/305

Barti


38/305

wnit t7o

. "8h# is the train going so slo7l#>"2. "8h# canCt 7e u5 all the tie>"*. "8h# are there so an# clou+s in the s=#>"

,. "8h# is # tea so hot>";. "8h# is the 7in+ %lo7ing>"6. "8h# are those shee5 %eing +ri/en out o that iel+>"

9. 3hange these senten$es using the 7assi(e Foi$e as in the example.

Exa5le !he chil+ren occu5ie+ a corner seat.1 corner seat 7as occu5ie+ %# the chil+ren.

. ho5liters steal things ro su5erar=ets e/er# +a#.2. oeone stole t7ent# %ottles o 7his=# #ester+a#.*. i+ the# as= the aunt an# uestions>

,. 8h# +i+ no one inor e o those changes>;. !he saller girl a+e no actual coent on the stor#.6. !he# ha/enCt sta5e+ the letter.:. o%o+# has use+ this roo or ages.-. 8h# +i+ the rescuers sa/e the girl>9. he +i+nCt intro+uce the chil+ren to hi.

0. !he# are +ri/ing the shee5 out o the iel+.. he is going to 5unish the chil+ren.2.8h# 7asnCt she loo=ing ater the chil+ren 5ro5erl#>*. ou canCt 7ash this +ress #ou ust ha/e it +r#$cleane+.,.1 ro%ot coul+ +o this uch %etter.;. !he chil+ren 7ill as= the %achelor to tell the a stor#.

6. !he girl is going to re5eat the line again an+ again.


39/305

Barti

9. ? he (ha/e) enough courage he 7oul+nCt gi/e u5. 0.8oul+ #ou a+ire hiW i he (not %e) 4achelor o 1rts>

Exa5le !he# 7oul+nCt ha/e run so ast to her hel5 i the# ha+ not li=e+ her souch.

. ? he (not z act) so courageousl#W the 5eo5le 7oul+nCt ha/e %eenrescue+.

2. ? (7in)W i 7e ha+ a+e the %et*. ? he (=no7) the ans7erW he coul+ ha/e ans7ere+W %ut he +i+nCt,. !he girl (=ee5 on) reciting the 5oeW i she ha+nCt %een interru5te+.;. ? he (not z %e) so 5ersistentW he 7oul+ ne/er ha/e achie/e+ his goals.6. &e (not z %e a+ire+) so uch i he ha+nCt %een so courageous.:. !he chil+ren 7oul+ ha/e a55reciate+ the stor# i it (not z soun+) so

ailiar to the.

-. &is assertions (not z create) such a stirW i his re5ort ha+ not containe+so an# contra+ictions.9. ? he (not z =no7) that the horse 7as going to 7in he 7oul+nCt ha/e

a+e that %et.0. !he %achelor (not z acce5t) the challenge i he ha+ =no7n all the %oo%#$

tra5s a7aiting hi.. ? #ou ha+ %een thereW 7hat #ou (+o)>

. G. Rewrite these senten$es using =if.

Exa5le he isnCt a goo+ stor#$teller. !he chil+ren +i+nCt a55reciate her stor#at all.

? she 7ere a %etter stor#$tellerW the chil+ren 7oul+ ha/e a55reciate+her stor#.

he +i+nCt 7or= har+ at her English at school. o7 she has +iiculties7ith her English at 7or=.? she ha+ 7or=e+ har+er at her English at schoolW she 7oul+nCt ha/e+iiculties 7ith it no7.

.&e isnCt a courageous 5erson. &e +i+nCt coe to those 5eo5leCsrescue. 2. canCt recite 5oes. ? coul+nCt ta=e 5art in the school

co5etition.*. &e =no7s the su%ect /er# 7ell. &e resolutel# a+e his assertions.

,. &e isnCt 5atient enough 7ith the chil+ren. &e a+e ru+e coentsa%out their %eha/iour.

;. &e %elongs to this clu%. &e e/en anage+ to ta=e a e7 o his rien+sto their rece5tion.

,


40/305

wnit t7o

6. &e al7a#s relies on hisel. &e 7as a%le to acce5t the challenge.:. he is such a erciul 5erson. he cae to # hel5 so an# ties in

the 5ast.

-. ha/e %een ta=ing a corres5on+ence course in %usiness English or a#ear. '# %oss a55reciates # a%ilit# to corres5on+ 7ith our 5artners inEnglish.

9. &e +i+nCt 7or= har+ at school an+ +i+nCt go to college. o he +oes notha/e an# higher e+ucation an+ canCt in+ a 7ell$5ai+ o%.

H. %ill in the ta*le with the missing $omparisons.

goo+ %etter %a+ 7orstsall sallest%ig %iggerol+ ol+erzel+erar arthest z urthestearl# earliest5rett# 5rettier stu5i+ stu5i+est z ost stu5i+uiet uieter z ore uietnarro7 narro7est z ost narro7eno#a%le ore eno#a%lecon/incing ost con/incingrelia%le ore relia%le

serious ost serious7ell %est%a+l# 7orselou+l# lou+est z ost lou+l#slo7l# ore slo7l#seriousl# ost seriousl#

B. 9arN 9arther 0 9urtherN 9arthegt 0 9urthegt

ZH QY V HVULUNW \SVIU`VU H9arther 0 9urther (HYW I HR[)

9arthegt 0 9urthegt (HKM[ HR[).C3urtherC KV VHRX TLHQL HYL[[W SLVYLM[.

,2


41/305

Barti

I. 3hoose the $orre$t words from the *ox )sometimes two (ariants are pos"si*le+.

artherW urtherW arthestW urthest

. he li/e+ ... a7a# ro school than all o us.2. !he %oats 7ere +riting ... an+ ... a5art.*. ... to #our letter o 'a# 2:thW 7e can conir #our or+er.,. 8hat is the ... +istance #ou ha/e e/er run>;. 1re there an# ... uestions>6. !he hos5ital is ... +o7n the roa+.:. !hings 7ere ... co5licate+ %# the act that she +i+ not s5ea= English.-. 1 ta%le 7as set at the ... en+ o the =itchen.9. 3or... +etails contact the Bersonnel e5artent.

0. !here 7as a ... +ela# in the +eli/er# o the goo+s.

!. 1nn and Tom are in a *ookshop *uying a *irthday present for their son.Report their $on(ersation with the shop assistant.

3nnW 8eCre loo=ing or soe %oo=s or our son. &eCll %e 0 next 7ee= an+ 7eC+li=e to gi/e hi a e7 interesting ones or his %irth+a#.

!ho5 aggigtantW 3ine 1 %oo= is the %est 5resent or a chil+ o his age.3nnW esW # other use+ to sa# that to e. ur son li=es rea+ing an+ 7e 7ant

to encourage hi. ou =no7W chil+ren no7 are ore intereste+ in 5la#ingco5uter gaes than in rea+ing %oo=s.

!ho5 aggigtantW ? coul+nCt agree ore. 8hat =in+ o %oo=s +oes he li=e to rea+>TojW 8hen he 7as #oungerW he use+ to a=e us rea+ hi air# tales an+ 5oes

an+ he learnt ost o the %# heart. &e e/en soeties recite+ the orour rien+s an+ at nurser# school. ur rien+s a+ire+ hi an+ tol+ hi he7oul+ %e an actor.

3nnW1s he gre7 ol+er an+ learnt to rea+ %# hiselW he starte+ rea+ing a+/en$ture storiesW #ths an+ legen+s.

!ho5 aggigtantW1n+ 7hat are his 5reerences no7>TojW &e eno#s ghost stories an+ horror storiesW 7hen soething eerges ro

no7here an+ /anishes into thin air. !hat sort o thingsW #ou =no7. !hesestories are no7 5o5ular aong his rien+s at school. !he# exchange %oo=san+ then +iscuss the or 5la# out soe e5iso+es ro the. ?C arai+ thiscan +o hi har. 8hat +o #ou thin=>

!ho5 aggigtantW ou shoul+nCt 7orr# ?n # o5inion itCs a /er# goo+ thing 7hen

chil+ren +iscuss the %oo=s the# are rea+ing an+ ?C sure the#Cll gro7 outo this interest in ghosts an+ horrors. ?Cll sho7 all the latest in our section ohistorical no/els an+ science iction. ?C sure #ouCll in+ soething suita%lethere.

,*


42/305

wnit t7o

3nnW !han=s a lot.TojW hW 1nn 8hile #ouCre a=ing #our choice thereW ?Cll go an+ choose a nice

+etecti/e stor# or #sel

. Retell the story. Aegin withJ :f the $hildren hadn=t *een so noisy...%inish the story withJ ...the *a$helor wouldn=t ha(e a$$epted the $hal"lenge.

Exa5le ? the chil+ren ha+nCt %een so nois#... ? the chil+ren ha+nCt %een sonois# the aunt 7oul+nCt ha/e starte+ telling the a stor#. ? the auntha+nCt starte+ telling her stor#...

P3AT 2

Read the end of the story and make sure that you understand it. The listof new words on p. 4G"4H will help you.

TB# !TOAXT#RR#A(the be1innin1 of the story is on p. QR)

"nce u5on a tieW" %egan the %achelorW "there 7as a little girl calle+ 4er$thaW 7ho 7as e"traorinari6L goo+."

!he chil+renCs interest %egan at once to anigh all stories seee+ +rea+$ull# ali=eW no atter 7ho tol+ the.

"he +i+ all that she 7as tol+W she 7as al7a#s truthulW she =e5t her clothescleanW ate il= 5u++ings as though the# 7ere a tartsW learne+ her lessons 5er$ectl#W an+ 7as 5olite in her anners."

"8as she 5rett#>" as=e+ the %igger o the sall girls."ot as 5rett# as an# o #ouW" sai+ the %achelorW "%ut she 7as horri%l#

goo+."!here 7as a 7a/e o reaction in 9aour o the stor# the 7or+ Chorri%leC in

connection 7ith goo+ness 7as a noe6tLW ?t seee+ to intro+uce a ring o truththat 7as a%sent ro the auntCs tales.

"he 7as so goo+W" continue+ the %achelorW "that she 7on se/erale+als or goo+nessW 7hich she al7a#s 7oreW 5inne on to her +ress.!here 7as a e+al or okeien


43/305

Bart 2

"&orri%l# goo+W" muote @#ril."E/er#%o+# tal=e+ a%out her goo+nessW an+ the Brince o the countr# got

to hear a%out itW an+ he sai+ that as she 7as so /er# goo+ she ight %e allo7e+

once a 7ee= to 7al= in his 5ar=W 7hich 7as ust outsi+e the to7n. ?t 7as a %eau$tiul 5ar=W an+ no chil+ren 7ere e/er allo7e+ in itW so it 7as a great honour or4ertha to %e allo7e+ to go there."

"8ere there an# shee5 in the 5ar=>" +ean+e+ @#ril."oW" sai+ the %achelorW "there 7ere no shee5.""8h# 7erenCt there an# shee5>" cae the ine/ita%le uestion arigin$ out

o that ans7er.!he aunt 5erjitte hersel a sileW 7hich ight alost ha/e %een +e$

scri%e+ as a $rinW"!here 7ere no shee5 in the 5ar=" sai+ the %achelorW "%ecause the

BrinceCs other ha+ once ha+ a +rea that her son 7oul+ either %e =ille+ %# ashee5 or else %# a cloc= alling on hi. 3or that reason the Brince ne/er =e5t

a shee5 in his 5ar= or a cloc= in his 5alace." !he aunt gu55regge a $ag5 oa+iration."8as the Brince =ille+ %# a shee5 or %# a cloc=>" as=e+ @#ril."&e is still ali/eW so 7e canCt tell 7hether the +rea 7ill sai+

the %achelor "an#7a#W there 7ere no shee5 in the 5ar=W %ut there 7ere lots olittle 5igs running all o/er the 5lace."

"8hat colour 7ere the#>""4lac= 7ith 7hite acesW 7hite 7ith %lac= s5otsW %lac= all o/erW gre# 7ith

7hite 5at""4ecause the 5igs ha+ eaten the allW" sai+ the %achelor 5roj5t6LW "!he

gar+eners ha+ tol+ the Brince that #ou coul+nCt ha/e 5igs an+ lo7ersW so he+eci+e+ to ha/e 5igs an+ no lo7ers."

!here 7as a urur o a55roa6 at the excellence o the BrinceCs +eci$sion so an# 5eo5le 7oul+ ha/e +eci+e+ the other 7a#.

!here 7ere lots o other e6i$ht9u6 things in the 5ar=. !here 7ere 5on+s7ith gol+ an+ %lue an+ green ish in theW an+ trees 7ith %eautiul 5arrots thatsai+ cle/er things at a jojentg noti


44/305

wnit t7o

an+ hel5e+ to rein+ her ho7 /er# goo+ she reall# 7as. ~ust then an enorous7ol cae 5row6in$ into the 5ar= to see i he coul+ catch a at little 5ig or hissu55er.

"8hat colour 7as he>" as=e+ the chil+renW their interest ie+iatel#uic=ening.

"'u+$colour all o/erW 7ith a %lac= tongue an+ 5ale gre# e#es that $6eaje7ith uns5ea=a%le 9ero""oW the# all eg"!he stor# %egan %a+l#W" sai+ the saller o the sall girlsW "%ut it ha+ a

%eautiul en+ing.""?t is the ost %eautiul stor# that ? ha/e e/er hear+W" sai+ the %igger o the

sall girlsW 7ith iense +ecision."?t is the only %eautiul stor# ? ha/e e/er hear+W" sai+ @#ril.

1 +ierent o5inion cae ro the aunt."1 ost ij5ro5er stor# to tell to #oung chil+ren ? 7ish ? ha+nCt as=e+ #ou to

tell the a stor#. ou ha/e unerjine the eect o #ears o careul teaching.""1t an# rateW" sai+ the %achelorW collecting his %elongings 5re5arator# to

lea/ing the carriageW "? =e5t the uiet or ten inutesW 7hich 7as ore than

#ou 7ere a%le to +o.""wnha55# 7oan" he okgere to hisel as he 7al=e+ +o7n the 5lat$or o the station "or the next six onths or so those chil+ren 7ill not 6eaeher a6oneN +ean+ing that she shoul+ tell the an i5ro5er stor#"

,6


45/305

e7 8or+s

e"traorinari6L i=Cstra+narsh a/5 LIMQH[L

extraor+inar# a/% LIMQH[LM[anigh Aasni~ 5 QTHVY in 9aour ei/s SYT\ noe6tL Cr/alti nLLRHW LQV L 5in (5inne+) on5inW 5+ (zSRVY R

5in I\HRHokeien


46/305

wnit t7o

triuj5h Ctraia n V\KOra$ (+ragge+) \VH]VYW \VH]VYW QVYeour +iC/aua 5 SXHVYW XHVY

jorge6 os*l n R\QReg2. &o7 7as the %achelorCs stor# +ierent ro the auntCs stor#>*. 8h# +i+ the chil+ren a55reciate the %achelorCs stor#>

. 8h# +o #ou thin= the aunt calle+ the %achelorCs stor# "a ost i5ro5erstor# to tell to #oung chil+ren">2. i+ #ou eno# rea+ing the stor#> 8as it ne7 or #ou or +i+ #ou rea+ it

%eore>

#q#A:.!#!

. %ind &nglish e'ui(alents in the text for the following )you may think of*etter Russian translations+.

. H$IMH QRH S KL jVHW RVHU IMH

LIMRLLLN[.2. ...RHTHYW QV V \XHL LHRMW RV IM N L H

RHTMH.*. b VHRHU NLYRHUW RHR M I...,. _VW RHTHYW IM NVY LKLZ SNXK LH SH\ VW QZ

LL L NHVH VUN VV.;. b \ LZ ILRH ZW Z LH XHW L IM JMN VN

KH[.6. ...SLJ \MNH L[ ( SLJH \N L[)...:. ... IM IY[ QVY` U jVM S\QVY HTL VHK Z\

UVY.

-. ...SZILV I T$TH JM (I\RW I\V I \IV J[)W IT$TH \SHN LH LZ QH.9. ...SHH TN N]LU.

0. ...L KXK SRH RHTHVYW I\VU VV L.

,-


47/305

Bart 2

. VQL L SLJH MTH IL KLZ IM LHQ.

. ...SS\ULM LHVU][ KKLV K.

2. ...VW QV VHK KXL SKVVY...*. W QV L VHK \...2. ...R\VM IM VHR Z\VMW QV L KZ IM VHK (S LK) Z M

RHVYW L THKQHU .*. ...L (R) IU R\VMW Z M ZHTH RH S

SILL...,. ...HTH RQYU.;. H[L LSNU]HU U V[ VU...,. dM HT\ (\LQVX) KLZVL \U S SVH

L` V[.6. ...HTKMU L S IUW RZH S SHVOK LH VHLJ.

CO:3[UR3AX

Read and translate these senten$es into Russian so as to ha(e a *etteridea of how these words $an *e used.

e"traorinarL a/%, e"traorinari6L a/5. 8hen she 7as #oungW she 7as a 7oan o extraor+inar# %eaut#.2. 1n extraor+inar# eeting z sessionW etc. is a eeting z sessionW etc.

7hich ta=es 5lace in a++ition to the usual ones.*. !here 7ill %e an extraor+inar# eeting next 8e+nes+a# to +iscuss the

eergenc# resolution.

,. ?C arai+ ~ane can %eha/e uite extraor+inaril# soeties.

AejejkerMQTMQH[L SXL $ a gtate o9 ejer$en


48/305

wnit t7o

9aour n, 9aourak6e a/%, 9aourite a/%, 9aourite . !he atch en+e+ in a/our o our tea.2. ? 7on+er i e/er#%o+# 7ill %e in a/our o our i+ea.

*. 1ll those in a/ourW raise #our han+s.,. BleaseW +o e a a/our. @oul+ #ou +o e a a/our>;. &e +i+ us a great a/our.6. ou al7a#s 7ere a+Cs a/ourite.

:oj5are9aourak6e (IHZSUVLM[W IHZRLLM[)W 9aourite (`IKM[)!he ans7er (o5inion) 7as a/oura%le.!he 7eather (7in+) 7as a/oura%le.!he result o the %et 7as a/oura%le or &arr#.

&e is # a/ourite author (co5oserW singer).

?tCs # a/ourite %oo= (stor#W tuneW 5oeW chocolate).

noe6tL n. !he# sho7e+ all the no/elties in ashion.2. 8hen the no/elt# ha+ 7orn oW e7er an+ e7er 5eo5le 7atche+ the

tal=$sho7W an+ its rating ell.

5in n, 5in 5.8e use 5ins an+ nee+les 7hen se7ingW (to se7W se7e+W se7n

9uW sgu+W saun VY).2. &a/e #ou got a saet# 5in> o e a a/ourW let e ha/e one uic=l#*. 1 large 5icture o the vueen 7as 5inne+ to (on) the 7all.

,. ou shoul+nCt 5in all #our ho5es on getting that o% $ 7h# +onCt #oua55l# or soe others;. C!o %e on 5ins an+ nee+lesC is the 1erican ex5ression corres5on+ing

to the 4ritish Cto %e on tenterhoo=sCW %oth eaning to %e 7orrie+ oranxious a%out soething that is going to ha55en.

6. 7as on 5ins an+ nee+les to in+ out in 7hose a/or ('m.) the atchha+ en+e+. :. 8e 7ere =e5t on 5ins an+ nee+les (tenterhoo=s) all

orning until thetele5hone rang.

okeL v, okeien


49/305

Bart 2

5un


50/305

wnit t7o

*. !he securit# s#ste 7ill not 5erit #ou to enter 7ithout the correct5ass7or+.

,. 1 5erit is an oicial +ocuent that allo7s #ou to +o soething or go

soe7hereW e.g. a 7or= z tra/el 5erit.;. ou 7ill nee+ a 5ar=ing 5erit i #ou 7ant to 5ar= in this street.6. he has anage+ to o%tain (get) a te5orar# resi+ence 5erit.:. 8ith #our 5erissionW ?Cll sen+ a co5# o this letter to the +octor.

$rin n, 5. 1 CgrinC is a 7i+e sile. ?t a# %e either 5leasant or un5leasant.2. C!o grin an+ %ear itC eans to acce5t soething 7ithout co5laining.*. ? +onCt 7ant to +o extra 5a5er 7or= or # %ossW %ut ? su55ose ?Cll ha/e

to grin an+ %ear it.

gu55regg 5

. he coul+ har+l# su55ress her anger.2. &uan rights canCt %e su55resse+.

$ag5 5, n. !o gas5 eans to ta=e a short uic= %reath through the outh (7ith

#our outh o5en) %ecause o sur5riseW 5ain or shoc=.. 8hen she sa7 7hat 7as hi++en in the %ox she gas5e+ in sur5rise.2. "&el5 e" he gas5e+.2. &e ga/e a gas5 o aaeentW as i he ha+ ne/er seen an#thing li=e

that %eore.*. he coul+ har+l# su55ress a gas5 o a+iration.

5at


51/305

Bart 2

gin EganN gunl 5. !he !itanic 7as a 5assenger shi5 that san= to the %otto o the ocean

in 92.

2. &e 7as ust let Cto sin= or s7iC ( to ail or succee+ %# his o7neorts).

*.


52/305

wnit t7o

ju n, juL a/%. 'u+ is a 7et an+ stic=# ixture o earth an+ 7ater.2. 'u+ can %ecoe har+ 7hen it ries an+ is use+ or %uil+ings.

*. !he# a=e their houses o u+ an+ stones.,. !he roa+ %ecae u++ier an+ u++ier. !he 7heels got stuc= in the

u+.

:oj5are

juL (ZUTLM[W ZUTW TK)W irtL (ZUTLM[ ( SDLGG HEDTDAKAFKLG)onCt sit on that %ench. ?tCs +irt#.&e li=es to tell +irt# stories.he treats hi li=e +irt.

$6eaj 5

. ? an o%ect or a surace gleas it relects light %ecause it is shin# an+clean.

2. &e 5olishe+ his ring until it gleae+.*. ? #our ace or e#es glea the# sho7 a 5articular ex5ressionW

e.g. 1 glea o 5ri+e z 5leasure z +isli=e z hatre+.

gtea6 Egto6eN gto6enl v, gtea6th . !he nu%er o carsW 7hich are stolen e/er# #earW has risen

consi+era%l#.2. !he ir is no7 accusing soe o its orer e5lo#ees o stealing

tra+e secrets.. &e stole out o the roo an+ no%o+# too= notice o it.

2. !he 7ea5ons ha+ %een acuire+ %# stealth.*. 1 tealth %o%er (IKIH]R) or ighter (VIVY) is anaircrat 7hich can not %e seen on ra+ar.

6ea5 E6ea5tN 6ea5tl v, n, kL 6ea5g an koung. !he re5orter lea5t or7ar+W hol+ing out her icro5hone.. ? soeone or soething gets %etter %# (in) lea5s an+ %oun+sW it eans

the# i5ro/e /er# uic=l#.2. !he econo# o those countries is i5ro/ing %# lea5s an+ %oun+s.2. C1 lea5 in the +ar=C is soething #ou +o 7ithout %eing certain 7hat 7ill

ha55en.*. 4oo=ing the holi+a# 7as a lea5 in the +ar= $ 7e got the a++ress out o

the 5a5er.,. 1 lea5 #ear ha55ens once e/er# our #ears an+ has an extra +a# on3e%ruar# 29th.

;,


53/305

Bart 2

trejk6e 5syn. shi/er (only with col/). ne can tre%le 7ith anger z ear z col+W %ut shi/er onl# 7ith col+.

2. he tre%le+ or her chil+renCs saet#.*. he tre%le+ at the /er# thought o 5ossi%le +anger.,. ? tre%le to thin= 7hat ight ha/e ha55ene+ i the 5olice ha+nCt arri/e+

in tie.

con+uct n,


54/305

wnit t7o

eour 5. 8hen an anial or insect C+e/oursC anotherW it CeatsC it.

e.g. !he 7ol +ragge+ the little 5ig into the orest an+ +e/oure+ it.

2. 8hen a 5erson C+e/oursC soethingW the# Ceat a lot an+ uic=l#C atthat.e.g. &e 7as so hungr# that he +e/oure+ an enorous 5iece o eat ina inute.

*. ? #ou C+e/ourC a stor# z %oo= z againeW etc. #ou Crea+C it uic=l# an+7ith great interest.e.g. &e use+ to +e/our science iction 7hen he 7as in his teens (ateenager).

,. onCt #ou in+ that the eaning o the /er% Cto +e/ourC is siilar to theeaning o a corres5on+ing

eg


55/305

Bart 2

2. &is authorit# 7as un+erine+ %# his i5ro5er con+uct.*. &is health 7as un+erine+ %# long #ears o har+ 7or=.

;ont ji" u5Munerjine (SMHVY)W e"56oe (TMHVY(U)W k6owu5 (TMHVY)

1 %o% ex5lo+e+ causing a lot o +aage.!he ol+ house 7as in such a 5oor con+ition that it 7as +eci+e+ to ha/eit %lo7n u5.ne o the su%arines %le7 u5 (ex5lo+e+) an+ san=.

okgere 5, okgeration n. cientists ha+ %een o%ser/ing the %eha/iour o %ir+s or a long tie

%eore the# a+e soe i5ortant +isco/eries.2. 8hile the %attle 7as going onW the general careull# o%ser/e+ its 5rog

ress.

. Da7 an+ or+er ust %e o%ser/e+ in a ci/ilie+ societ#.*. wnortunatel#W this esca5e+ o%ser/ation (\RYTL\ V LHI`LU).

2. !he 5atient ust still %e un+er careul e+ical o%ser/ation.*. ?n his ans7er he a+e a e7 cle/er o%ser/ations (coents).

KA3HH3A

wigh

Iigh Pagt !ij56e SYT\VU U MHXLU XHLU S S$

\ V\HJ LHVU][ KKLV.? 7ish ? 7ere rich. $ HYW QV U L IZHV. (V IM U IMVY IZHVMK) ?7ish ? =ne7 $ V IM U TLHVY ( XHL`W U L TLH`.)

Iigh Pagt Per9e


56/305

wnit t7o

Rewrite the senten$es using =wish=.

Exa5le "?tCs a 5it# ?C so goo+W" 4ertha thought to hersel.

"? 7ish ? 7ere not so goo+W" 4ertha thought to hersel.

"?C sorr# ? +i+nCt interru5t his horror stor#W" the aunt thought tohersel."? 7ish ? ha+ interru5te+ his horror stor#W" the aunt thought to hersel.

"?C+ li=e the aunt to tell us soething ore excitingW" @#ril thought tohisel."? 7ish the aunt 7oul+ tell us soething ore excitingW" @#ril thoughtto hisel.

?tCs a 5it# ? ha/enCt got a car.

C sorr# ? acce5te+ the challenge.C sorr# ?C not a goo+ stor#$teller.C+ li=e the aunt to learn to tell goo+ stories.C sorr# the chil+ren +i+nCt a+ire # stor#.7ant the chil+ren to %eha/e 7ell.C sorr# ? canCt s5ea= English luentl#.C sorr# ? +onCt li/e near # 7or=.

9. ?tCs a 5it# 7e +i+nCt %oo= the restaurant.C+ li=e !o to +ri/e ore careull#W C sorr# ?let # last o%. C+ li=e hi to ha/e his haircut ore oten. ?tCs a 5it# #ou +i+nCt as= hiho7 to get thereW C sorr# ? +onCt =no7 theans7erW C sorr# the# +i+nCt coe to hisrescueW C+ li=e her +reas to coe true.

4 " Rewrite these senten$es using the other way of $omparison.

Exa5le "4ertha 7asnCt as 5rett# as an# o #ouW" the %achelor sai+."4ertha 7as less 5rett# than an# o #ouW" the %achelor sai+.

"?s the grass in that iel+ %etter than here>" the sall girl as=e+. "?sthe grass here as goo+ as the grass in that iel+>" the sall girlas=e+.

. &e isnCt as tall as his %rother. &is %rother is...2. &e is #ounger than he loo=s. &e +oesnCt loo= as...*. ?C/e =no7n the longer than #ou. ou ha/enCt =no7n the as...

;-

.@.,.4.9

!..

@.,.


57/305

Bart 2

,. !he 7inter this #ear isnCt as col+ as it 7as last #earW is it> Dast #ear the7inter 7as...>

;. 8e +onCt go out as oten as 7e use+ to. 8e use+ to go out...

6. !he# li/e arther (urther) ro school than e. ? +onCt li/e as...:. !he 5erorance 7as less eno#a%le than 7e ha+ ex5ecte+. !he

5erorance 7asnCt as...-. &e +oesnCt rea+ as uch as he shoul+. &e shoul+ rea+...9. o%o+# ha+ as an# e+als as she +i+. he ha+...

0. !hese rh#ths an+ tunes are less 5o5ular to+a# than the# use+ to %ein # chil+hoo+. !hese rh#ths an+ tunes arenCt as...

.s an#%o+# here as %ore+ 7ith this exercise as e> ?s an#%o+#here...>

9. These are the answers. >hat were the 'uestions?

Exa5le 4ertha sa7 the wo69W8hat +i+ 4ertha see>

1W :hi6ren 7ere not allo7e+ in the 5ar=.2W !here 7ere lots o other e6i$ht9u6 things in the 5ar=.bW #erLkoL tal=e+ a%out her goo+ness.`W 3or that reason the Brince ne/er =e5t a ghee5 in hig 5ar or a


58/305

wnit t7o

eno# +oing sthW canCt hel5 +oing sthW a55reciate +oing sthW %e 7orth+oing sthW suggest +oing sthW suggest that s% (shoul+) +o sthW insist on +oingsthW =ee5 on +oing sthW inish +oing sthW gi/e u5 +oing sth

G. >rite down your own story. 8ere is a sample *eginning0 *ut you $an0 $er"tainly0 think of your own *eginning.

? 7as %orn in the ail# o usicians. '# ather 7as a /iolinist. '# other7as a 5ianist. !he# 7ere %oth in great +ean+ as outstan+ing 5erorers oclassical usicW soW naturall# the# ha+ to tra/el a lotW an+ # #ounger sisterW #%rother @#ril an+ #sel 7ere let to %e ta=en care o %# our aunt 1gatha (not theaous +etecti/e$stor# 7riterW o courseW ust a naesa=e). 1untie 7as the ost%oring 5erson ? ha/e e/er et since that tie. he 5ut in an enorous eort toa=e us goo+W o%e+ient chil+ren 7ith 5erect anners. !o a=e us un+erstan+an+ a55reciate 7hat a goo+ chil+ 7as su55ose+ to %e she use+ to tell us stories

a%out 5erect chil+ren. !he heroine o her stories 7as usuall# a girlW har+l# e/era %o#. !he girl 7as o%e+ientW 5unctualW neat an+ a+ire+ %# all the 5eo5le 7ho7ere luc=# enough to =no7 her.

nce 7hen 1untie 1gatha an+ the three o us 7ere tra/elling ro Don+onto 4athW 1untie ha+ oun+ a co5artent in the train that 7as 5racticall# e5t#exce5t or a #oung an 7ho occu5ie+ a corner seat ust o55osite 1untieCs...


59/305

Barti

:f history were in the form of stories0it would ne(er *e forgotten.

udard iling (18&%-1929),English writer


. 8hat 7ere #our a/ourite su%ects at school aths (atheatics)W5h#sicsW cheistr#W histor#W

2. 8hat a+e the su%ect #our a/ourite> 8as it the su%ect as suchW theteacherW the text%oo=W etc.>

*. 1re #ou intereste+ in histor# (e/en i it 7asnCt #our a/ourite su%ect atschool)> 8hat +o #ou thin= a%out ho7 #ou 7ere z are taught histor# atschool> @an #ou sa# that #ou ha/e enough =no7le+ge o 1re #ou intereste+ in rea+ing %oo=s %ase+ on historical e/entsWseeing theatrical 5erorances or ils connecte+ in soe 7a# or another 7ith histor#> {i/e soe exa5les.

,. @an #ou ex5lain the +ierence %et7een the 7or+s ChistoricC an+ ChistoricalC> {i/e soe exa5les.

P3AT1

o) Read the text ad !a"e sure that you uderstad it. #he $ist of e% %ords

o &. 63 %i$$ he$& you.

TB# ;.!:OC#AX OF 3H#A.:3 3%;TB# F.A!T [A.T.!B 3TT#HPT! TO !#TTR#.% TB# %#I IOAR;Q

? an#one 7ere as=e+ "7ho +isco/ere+ 1erica"W the ine/ita%le ans7er7oul+ %e "@hristo5her @olu%us". 1n+ this is correctW though the actual 5ur$5ose o his /o#ageW or+ere+ an+ inance+ %# 5anish onarchsW 7as to in+ a

shorter 7a# ro Euro5e to 1sia (orW to ke jore g5e


60/305

wnit three

!en 7ee=s ater lea/ing 5ainW on the orning o cto%er 2W ,92W @o$lu%us ste55e+ ashore on the %each o a san+# islan+W 7hich he nae+ anal/a+or $ Bo6L !aiourW

&e %elie/e+ that he 7as close to the jain6an o ?n+iaW an+ or this reasonhe calle+ the 9rien6L %ro7n$s=inne+ 5eo5le 7ho greete+ hi Uos In/ios $ ?n$+ians. nl# recentl# ha/e these irst 1ericans %een +escri%e+ ore accuratel#as ati/e 1ericans or 1erin+ians.

Euro5eans 7oul+ soon nae the ne7 continent 1erica in honour o thean 7ho 7as the irst to +escri%e it as a continent.

!here are uite a e7 stories an+ legen+s a%out other aenturoug sea$en 7ho ha+ a66e$e6L reache+ the e7 8orl+ long %eore @olu%usW %ut onl#one stor# an+ one nae has so ar %een conire+ %# archeological eien

8hen +i+ the irst English$s5ea=ing 5eo5le settle in the e7 8orl+> &ereis the ost 7i+el# recognie+ ans7er?t onl# ha55ene+ in the sixteenth centur# 1W 7hen Englan+ 7as ru6e %#

a 7oan $ vueen Elisa%eth the 3irst.!he rei$n o Elisa%eth the 3irst 7as a great tie or great 5eo5le. ne o

such 5eo5leW a


61/305

Barti

Dos ?n+ios (=panish) tosCin+ros DeiEricson li Ceri=san Elisa%eth the 3irst?Clia%a 7W *st 8illia ha=es5eare

C7ila C~ei=s5ia 8alter


62/305

$.hree

#uestions for dis$ussion.

. 8as @hristo5her @olu%us the irst an to +escri%e 1erica as a

continent>2. 8hen +i+ @olu%us inish his ourne# ro 5ain> &o7 long +i+ thisourne# ta=e>

*. 8hat 7as the 5ur5ose o @olu%usCs /o#age>,. 8hat is =no7n a%out Dei Ericson> 8here 7as he ro>;. &o7 is the reign o Elisa%eth the 3irst +escri%e+ in the text>6. o #ou =no7 7h# 1erica 7as calle+ 1erica>:. @an #ou ree%er an# other exa5les o great geogra5hical +isco

/eries>-. 8h# +o #ou thin= the irst 4ritish atte5ts to settle in 1erica en+e+

in ailure>

E|E


63/305

Barti

A@14wD1

9rien6L a/%. BleaseW ree%er that the 7or+ Crien+l#C is an a+ecti/eW not an a+/er%

a rien+l# rece5tion (attitu+eW sileW etc.)2. !he# ga/e us a rien+l# rece5tion. ( !he# recei/e+ us in a rien+l#

7a#.)

*. ur neigh%ours ha/e al7a#s %een /er# rien+l# to us.,. !he restaurant has such a rien+l# atos5here;. !he teas are 5la#ing a rien+l# atch on un+a#.6. ?t 7as ust a rien+l# 5iece o a+/iceW nothing s5eciic.

aenture n, aenturer n, aenturoug a/%>6W3n a+/entureC is an unusualW exciting an+ 5ossi%l# +angerous

ex5erienceW ourne#W acti/it#W etc.2.


64/305

wnit three

:. !here are uite a e7 %oo=s a%out a+/enturersW not necessaril#a+/enture stories. 4ec=# har5W the heroine o !hac=era#Cs Vanity Yair7as a t#5ical a+/enturer.

:. !he 5roect is too a+/enturous to %e successul.

a66e$e v, a66e$e6L a/5, a66e$ation .aehCgei S n. &e allege+ to illness as a reason or not +oing the 7or=.. !he# are allege+ to ha/e a+e enorous 5roit %# soe a+/enturous

etho+s.2. !he allege+ ur+erer turne+ out to %e innocent.2. !he allege+l# a+/enturous 5lan 5ro/e+ to %e %ase+ on /er# interesting

i+eas that 7ere si5l# ne7W an+ that 7as 7h# it 7as not a55reciate+ atonce.

*. &e anage+ to 5ro/e in court that all the allegations against hi 7erea%solutel# groun+less.

eien


65/305

Barti

turn out (phrasal 5erb), turn 5sun. 5ro/e to %e. ?t turne+ out to %e an eno#a%le a+/enture.

2. !heir sall %usiness turne+ out (5ro/e+) to %e uite 5roita%le.. ur5risingl# enoughW his a+/enturous atte5ts to sol/e +iicult

5ro%les all %# hisel turne+ out to %e a success.*. "@oe onW turn out #our 5oc=ets" the +etecti/e sai+ to the sho5liter.2. !he e/i+ence against her 7as that she allege+l# +i+nCt %other to turn

o the gas 7hen lea/ing the house.

5reioug a/%, 5reioug6L a/5. ou 7ill in+ it on the 5re/ious 5age.2. 1s all 5re/ious ex5erience sho7sW a stor# ust %e reall# interesting to

a=e chil+ren un+erstan+ an+ a55reciate it.*. a sorr# %ut 7e canCt eet to+a#. ? ha/e a 5re/ious engageent. ,.

&e 7as 5re/iousl# a 4ritish consul in FarachiW Ba=istan.

gu556ieg n pi, gu556L n, v. !he tra/elers ran out o their su55lies o oo+ an+ ha+ to turn %ac=.2. il isnCt in short su55l# an# longer.*. ccasionall# su55l# excee+s +ean+ ( is higher than +ean+).,. !he# =ee5 us su55lie+ 7ith all the %oo=s 7e nee+.

egert v, egert n, egerte a/%. &e +eserte+ (a%an+one+) his 5re/ious ail# an+ arrie+ a 7oan

uch #ounger than hisel.2. !he tra/eller ran out o all his su55lies an+ elt that his courage 7as

+eserting hi.*. !his 5lace is a cultural +esert $ nothing interesting ha55ens here.,. !he /illage 7as +eserte+ %ecause o terrorists.

;ont ji" u5Megert C+est S\VMLUeggert +iC*t n Vahara is the largest +esert in the 7orl+.?ce crea is # a/ourite +essert.

9ai6 v, 9ai6ure n. ? 7on+er 7h# he aile+ to =ee5 his 5roise.

2. ? 7ish ? ha+nCt aile+ to +iscourage #ou ro su55orting that a+/enturous5roect. ? ha+ elt it 7oul+ %e a ailureW an+ so it turne+ out to %e.*. ? the# ha+ oun+ ore generous s5onsorsW their 7or= 7oul+ not ha/e

en+e+ in ailure.

6:


66/305

wnit three

,. !he 5la# turne+ out to %e a co5lete ailure.;. 'an# atte5ts ha+ %een a+e to irrigate +esertsW %ut ost o the

en+e+ in ailure.

$o own Ein higtorLl agWWW (phrasal 5erb)!he 7ar or the English @ro7n %et7een the "Dancastrians"W 7ho reaine+lo#al to Fing &enr# A?W an+ the "or=ists"W 7ho su55orte+ the u=e oor= 7ent +o7n in histor# as "the 8ar o the


67/305

Barti

;.Beo5le (+ash out) into the street to see 7hat (ha55en).6.8hen the 5olice (arri/e) the# (in+ out) that the criinal (esca5e).:.8hen she 7as #oungW she (%e) a 7oan o extraor+inar# %eaut#.

-.&e (gi/e) a gas5 o aaeentW as i he (ne/er see) an#thing li=e that%eore.

9.&e (in+) the 5lace 7here he (lea/e) the colonists co5letel#+eserte+.

20.8hile #ou (tra/el) aroun+ the 7orl+W ? (stu+#) t7el/e hours a +a# or# exas.

*+ 7ast 7erfe$t0 7ast 7erfe$t 3ontinuous

. ester+a# Beter 7ent to the station to eet his girlrien+. 8hen he gotthereW she (alrea+# z 7ait) or hi or ten inutes %ecause her train(arri/e) earlier.

2. ? 7asnCt hungr# an+ +i+nCt eat an#thing at lunch %ecause ? (ha/e) anenorous %rea=ast.*. 8hen ? et hi in the streetW he loo=e+ /er# tire+. &e (7or=) /er# har+

or a e7 +a#s tr#ing to inish an urgent o%.,.'# hus%an+ ga/e u5 so=ing t7o #ears ago. &e (so=e) or t7ent#

#ears.;. !he# 7ere /er# goo+ rien+s. !he# (=no7) each other or t7ent# #ears.6.8hen Baul arri/e+ at the 5art#W ost o the guests (alrea+# z go)

hoe.:. 8hen Baul arri/e+ at the 5art#W the guests (sit) at the ta%le or t7o hours

an+ (eat) alost all the +elicious things the hostess (coo=).-. ?t 7asnCt sno7ing 7hen 7e 7ent out. !he sun 7as shiningW an+ there

7as a lot o sno7. ?t (sno7) the 7hole night.

$+ 7ast 7erfe$t 3ontinuous0 7ast 3ontinuous

. !he# 7ere /er# tire+ 7hen the# reache+ the 5ea= o the ountain. !he#(cli%) or i/e hours.

2. 8hen he cae inW e/er#%o+# (sit) at the ta%le an+ (tal=).*. ? et Baul an+ Din+a in the 5ar= #ester+a# 7hile ? (7al=) there. !he# ha+

%een to the tennis court 7here the# (5la#) tennis or t7o hours.,. 8hile he (7or=) in the gar+enW the tele5hone =e5t ringingW %ut he

coul+nCt hear it.;. &o7 ast #ou (+ri/e) 7hen the acci+ent ha55ene+>

6. &o7 long #ou (+ri/e) 7hen the acci+ent ha55ene+>:. &o7 long he (tr#) to in+ a ne7 o% %eore he oun+ the o% in thisir>

-. hear+ the ootste5s %ehin+ e an+ un+erstoo+ that ? (%e ollo7e+).

69


68/305

wnit three

4. 7ut in the $orre$t arti$le a !an or the and dis$uss the text in $lass.

#n$6igh Phraga6 Cerkg a [eautL o9 the #n$6igh

Ran$ua$e an a Beaa !here are se/eral +einitions gi/en %# 4ritish an+1erican graarians 7ho are authorities on... su%ect. 8hat 7oul+ %e... osthel5ul a55roach or ... learner o English 7hose other tongue is oes

... ans7er is $ #esW it has. nl# it isnCt ... a+/er%ial 5article (... /er#$/er#short a+/er% that oten loo=s li=e ... 5re5osition)W %ut ... 5reix C5rii=s thatgi/es an# coonl# use+ /er%s ... ne7 eaning ZVYW \ZVYWSZVYW SZVYW ZVYW etc.

ou alrea+# =no7 uite ... e7 5hrasal /er%s. ou ha/e %een using the

since ... irst #ear #ou too= u5 #our course o English. &ere are soe o the Aer%s that +o not ta=e ... o%ect (intransiti5e 5erbs)Z %e inW go inW coeinW go onW hol+ onW go %ac=W %e %ac=W etc.

Aer%s that ta=e ... o%ect (transiti5e 5erbs)Z turn sth onW turn sth oW sees% oW gi/e sth %ac=W 5ut sth onW loo= sth u5W etc.

'ost 5hrasal /er%s are short. ... a+/er%ial 5article that is 5art o theis stresse+W unli=e ... 5re5osition 7hich is not stresse+ (in either English or


69/305

7arti

turn ... u5 $ a=e lou+er (HVY ZKQ)turn WWW into $ change into soething +ierent (SHVVYU)turn ... o99$s7itch o (MR`QVY)turn ... on $ s7itch on (R`QVY)turn out $ %e the result in the en+ (RHTHVYUW RHTMHVYU)

9. Translate the following into &nglish using the phrasal (er*s with =turn=.

[. RHTHYW QV Z SSMVR THLUVYU ITLK6MTMHNMLHK\SHK.

Q. V SS V[ @EH]LBHP\ 6NBT VTHW L VL S\HY N K7GLMLH G]D GG ]EDAG.

_. LH IHVHY TVL\` OK\ S S\ \V[VH LHHI

V\W LW R XHL`W G @EH`LH.. b THI\Y NFTLOHP\ KNGP, RZH I\Y \NVY. ZH KM LHRLJ SNH ZVLJ\W RV\` KM THIL

H S ^LVLV\W DTM6MLDK\, QV ILMN LK LVW LHKSY RHVY \Z\` ZVLJ\.

. HR VYR L SNV K[W L HT\ X NTLOMGP VT ZVL[W H LH R\NL. _V SV LMLK

d. L IM QLY \LW RZHW L\Y S Z Z S\VVUW ILH\XW QV LH @EGNEMPHLMK\ T SVRH QHHVYL\` K\` XL]L\.

8 Phraga6 erkg with $o

a9ter $ ollo7 (HVY TH) own $ all (a%out 5ricesW +ean+W 5ro+uction) (LXHVYU ( JLHNWSW STV) u5 $ increaseW rise (a%out 5ricesW +ean+W 5ro+uction) (HV ( J$LHNW SW STV)

own ag $ %e consi+ere+ z ree%ere+ z recor+e+ as (THSKLVYURHR...W [V V` RHR...) own with $ %ecoe ill 7ith(THIVY QK$.) in 9or $ ) get intereste+ in (THLVHVYUWTHLKHVYU) 2) enter co5etitions (\QHVHVY LHLUN) goon $ continue (SXHVY)$o out with $ go to a theatre z cineaW restaurantW etcW 7ith a %o# z girl$

rien+ (VQHVYU KMK QRKW \R[) $o with $atch (e.g. colours) (SNVY)

G


70/305

wnit three

2. L SQ\VHW QV 6M HA TPD-PD H7GP, SIXH.*. LU SSHH NDLM V`W RHR SSHHU RLU.Q. HR VM \KHYW RHLHU \KQRH @D7D7HP R KK\ LK\ SH

VY`>_. L STL SQHH LHTH RHTHW QV 6MSDLGL ZSSK L

KXV S[V LH HIV\.. HR ZUV RSVMW JLH V[ VHLL[ RHVLMW SNXW I\

VEMKPH.

P3AT 2

Read the text and make sure that you understand it. The list of new wordson p. G9 will help you.

TB# [A.T.!B KO O% :ORO%..%K 3H#A.:3Q

!he irst English colon# that gu


71/305

Bart 2

?n s5ite o all that ne7 settlers continue+ to arri/eW aong the 90 #oung7oen the Airginia @o5an# shi55e+ o/er in 69 as 7i/es or the colonists.Each an 7ho 7ante+ a 7ie or hisel ha+ to 5a# the @o5an# C 20 5oun+s

7eight o %est to%acco lea.4# that tie a #oung settler nae+ ~ohn


72/305

wnit three

!he reasons 7ere 5urel# religious. !hese 5eo5le +isagree+ 7ith the cus$tos an+ teachings o the @hurch o Englan+W esta%lishe+ %# Fing &enr# theEighth (the ather o vueen Elia%eth the 3irst) an+ 7ere se/erel# 5erge


73/305

Bart 2

e7 8or+s

gu


74/305

wnit three

*. the z to z %egin z irst z +i+ z o z 8h# z star/ation z +ie z settlers>*. 7oen z &o7 z 7ere z an# z in z 7i/es z as z 69 z shi55e+ o/er z

o z colonists z the>

,. +isco/ere+ z il+er z o z to%acco z 7a# z 8ho z a z lea/es z ne7 za=ing>

@. %ind &nglish e'ui(alents in the text for the following )you may think of*etter Russian translations+.

. HU HLZ[RHU RLUW RV[ \HY MXVYW LKVU LHVUXM \U XTL...

2. ...\SHU`] RKSHLW SX ZW NVW QVIM L LHTV SL N RHSVHXLUK IMV\` SIMY.

*. jM IM SH VKVVY...,. HR S\VVLLR HV L IM QLY LSMVLM

KLZ YTLMN IR.;. d T\YVHV...6. ...XLM IM THSHVVY RKSHL \QZ VHIHQLZ VH

K 20 O\LV.:. ...RVM I]H HIVHVY LH N HIVHV[ SL

L KU IKL LH \ X\.-. ...NVU V IM TH ZM VZW RHR VV OHRV IM VRMV S

TLHL.9. LH IL\HY SLMK SHKW HLZ[R SHVYV

RH W TU LH IU OLHL\` VVVLLVY THRLV dXL.

0. bH L V HLL ZM |A?? RH IM KLK L]VM L

TZ.. QLM IM R`QVYL ZTLMK.2. d KLZK S\VHL KZ\V QVHVYU SHVUK N

S[RN SVLLR $ SVVHLV.*. ...VH LHTMHVYU SZKHKW SRYR\ V ` SNH

qKR\ SRHN ZTLMN I.,. P LN \ 6; L[ LH VW QVIM...;. ] LHV\SLU LM \KH SLH T LIY[ Z\SSM

SLJW VU[ SLHQHYL T VH QR.6. L IM SLM KV VQY \SNH.:. ...TIHZHVY jZH TH VW QV L H K TKXLVY SXVY

LTZM N SZ ZH qKR.

-. ... L L L\XHY SK] L[J VHRW RHR L\XHY L[SZKM.

9. ...` V`W H L VYR QHV\ QHVY.

:6


75/305

Bart 2

A@14wD1


76/305

wnit three

*. 'ost en in the /illage 7ere recruite+ that +a#.,. '# +aughter$in$la7 7or=s or a recruitent agenc# as a hea+hunter.;. !he# 7ere ra7 recruits ( ...co5letel# untraine+).

5ro9it n, 5ro9itak6e a/%. 1 5roit is one#W 7hich is earne+ in tra+e or %usiness.2. ou +onCt ex5ect to a=e uch 5roit 7ithin the irst cou5le o #ears

ater setting the co5an#.*. &is sall %usiness turne+ out to %e uite 5roita%le.

e"56ore N e"56orer n, e"56oration n. !he 5ro%le is still %eing ex5lore+.2. 8e are ex5loring all the 5ossi%ilities o a=ing the 5roect 5roita%le.*. 'agellan 7as a aous sixteenth$centur# ex5lorer.,. ?n recent #ears se/eral countries ha/e succee+e+ in ex5loring s5ace.

;. 8e nee+ to carr# out a ull ex5loration (exaination) o all thealternati/es.6. Di/ingstone 7as the irst Euro5ean to a=e an ex5loration o the

a%e# ri/er.

gtare v, gtaration n, hun$er n, 9ajine n. 3ro loo=ing at an+ tal=ing to orer 5risoners o 7arW it 7as o%/ious

that the# ha+ %een star/e+.2. wnli=e Cstar/ationCW 7hich is an unnatural state o not ha/ing enough

oo+ to eat an+ %ecoe /er# 7ea= or +ie %ecause o itW ChungerC is anatural state o 7anting to eat soe oo+.e.g. ?C +#ing o hunger. DetCs go an+ ha/e a eal.

*. &uorousl#W 5eo5le oten sa# "?C star/ing",. C3aineC is a longer 5erio+ o star/ationWe.g. aine #ears.

igeage n. 1 +isease is a serious illness o 5eo5leW anialsW 5lantsW etcW cause+ %#

inection or a ailure o health.2. tar/ation an+ +isease =ille+ lots o irst Euro5eans in the e7 8orl+.

g6ae n, g6aerL n, ger9 n, ger9oj n. !here use+ to %e sla/es in 1erica. ?n


77/305

Bart 2

tou$h a/%. !hese 5lants are not tough enough to sur/i/e outsi+e in 7inter.2. ou ha/e to %e tough to succee+ in 5olitics.

*. !ough easures nee+ to %e ta=en to 5rotect the en/ironent.,. !here is tough co5etition in the oil ar=et.;. ?snCt he a tough gu#

5erge


78/305

wnit three

2. "Earl# to %e+ an+ earl# to riseW a=es a an health#W 7ealth# an+ 7ise."(4. 3ran=lin)

*. &is 7ealth 7as ieasura%le.

eterjine 5, eterjination n. !he @oan+er$in$@hieCs strateg# an+ tactics +eterine+ the

outcoe o the %attle.2. ?t is the res5onsi%ilit# o the court to +eterine 7hether the an is

innocent or guilt#.. ?C +eterine+ to get this 5iece o 7or= inishe+ to+a#.*. he 7as a+ire+ or her +ogge+ ( /er# strong) +eterination to

succe+ in %usiness.

AejejkerM!oje #n$6igh worg are 9orje kL a 2. !hese 5eo5le +i+nCt %ecoe sla/esW +i+ the#>*. !he Vir1inia ompany ne/er a+e a 5roitW +i+ it>,. !he Vir1inia ompany turne+ out to %e a ailureW +i+nCt it>;. !he liui+ation o the Vir1inia ompany +i+nCt a=e the colonistsC lie

in 1erica uch easierW +i+ it>6. !here 7ere /er# e7 o the colonists 7ho sur/i/e+W 7erenCt there>

:. !he earl# #ears o the :th

centur# in Englan+ 7erenCt a tie o 5o/ert#an+ har+shi5sW 7ere the#>-. !he ain attraction or a 5oor an 7as a 5iece o lan+ or a arW

7asnCt it>

-0


79/305

Bart 2

9. !he existence o sla/er# 7as ie+iatel# a+itte+ %# the 1ericansW

7asnCt it>

.n g5ite o9N eg5ite (SG6 @EG7LD]M o) $ LKVU LH fC+es5iteC [VLL I OKHYLK\ V`. Cin

s5ite o C+es5iteC \V \SVIUVY

\]VVYL

8e eno#e+ our holi+a# in s5ite o (+es5ite) the %a+ 7eather.

Z\L[

8e eno#e+ our holi+a# in s5ite o (+es5ite) sta#ing in a chea5 hotel.

SXLW LHQLH`]U Cthe act thatC SXH] RH

T\K (I OKHYLM[ VY)

8e eno#e+ our holi+a# in s5ite o (+es5ite) the act that the accoo+a$

tion 7as not goo+ enough. Thou$hN a6thou$hN een thou$h $ NVU

f CalthoughC [VLL I OKHYLK\ V`.

CthoughCW CalthoughC Ce/en thoughC \V \SVIUVY SHVQLSXL SXH]K RHT\KMK. 8e eno#e+ our holi+a#

though z although z e/en though the 7eather 7as %a+.

9. 3omplete the senten$es in a logi$al way.

. ?C going to +o this exercise e/en though...

2. es5ite stu+#ing all +a# long...

*. 1lthough the lecturer s5o=e /er# uic=l#...

,. ?n s5ite o star/ation an+ +iseases...

;. !hough ? ha+ alrea+# rea+ this stor#...

6. ?n s5ite o the hea/# traic...

:. E/en though 7eC/e =no7n each other or a long tie...-. ?n s5ite o the act he ha+ all the necessar# ualiications...

9.1lthough 7e ha/e %een li/ing in the sae street...0. ?n s5ite o %eing /er# %us#...

hat are they?

7hoW 7hichW thatW 7hose

.1 Ai=ing sailor ro ?celan+W ... nae 7as Dei Eri=ssonW is %elie/e+ to%e one o the irst sailors ... reache+ 1erica.

2. !he colon#W ... 7as oun+e+ %# ~ohn 8hiteW 7ent +o7n in histor# as Cthelost colon#C.

1


80/305

wnit three

*. !he naes o orth an+ outh 1erica 7ere gi/en to these lan+s inhonour o an ?talian sailor... nae 7as 1erigo Aes5ucci.

,. 1erigo Aes5ucci 7rote a e7 letters in ... he +escri%e+ the /o#ages

he ha+ a+e along the coasts o outh 1erica an+ he 5ro/e+ that thelan+s 7ere a ne7 continent.

;. @olu%us calle+ the nati/e 5eo5le ... 7ere li/ing in 1erica at that tieC?n+iansCW %ecause he thought that he ha+ reache+ ?n+ia.

6. @olu%us ne/er realie+ that he ha+ +isco/ere+ a continent ... lies%et7een Euro5e an+ 1sia.

:. !he sla/esW ... ha+ %een %rought to 1ericaW 7ere orce+ to 7or= onars ... 5ro+uce+ cottonW to%acco an+ rice.

-. 1 #oung settlerW ... nae 7as ~ohn :. "ou are su55ose+ to ... # or+ersW" the coan+er sai+ to the

sol+iers.-. 8hat +o #ou ... %# that>9. oung s5ecialists ... a%out ;0 5er cent o the 7hole sta.

0. 3e7 5eo5le can ... ru+eness.. !he %oss reuse+ to ... on the atter.2. ou canCt... English 5oetr# unless #ou un+erstan+ its rh#th.

Phraga6 erkg with $ie

$ie in $ surren+er (HVYU) $ie WWWka


81/305

Bart 2

$ie ... out $ +istri%ute (HTHVY)

$ie ... u5 $ sto5 +oing (IVYW VRHTHVYU LHZH)

H .Translate the following into &nglish using the phrasal (er*s with =gi(e=.

. L QHV JVH HRH GLHW RVM[ RHTH EDKHP\ R\VYLV\L $ U H V KLZ HT

2. PQVY SS ZEM67MP\ V\LVHK RS RLVYLMNHIV.

. Z VJ LH\Q Z L K7MNMP\K` HX V\LMN V\HJUN.

I. Read the story0 try to guess the meanings of the words you don=t knowand fill in the gaps with the $orre$t form of phrasal (er*s.

go +o7n asW turn outW go %ac=W gi/e in W go on

Po


82/305

Bocahontas zz C@allaghan 4. 1n ?llustrate+ &istor# o the w1. DonganW 99,.

-*


83/305

wnit three

Bocahontas ... in histor#... a go+sen+ to the English settlers. he su55lie+the 7ith oo+ an+ in this 7a# sa/e+ the ro aine an+ +iseases.

3i/e #ears laterW 7hen Bocahontas 7as alrea+# : #ears ol+ she arrie+

~ohn


84/305

Barti

*usic is the uni(ersal language of mankind.

Henry 3adsworth ong5ellow (1807-1886),

merican oet


. @an #ou sa# that usic 5la#s an i5ortant role in #our lie>2. 8hat =in+ o usic +o #ou li=e ore classical usicW aW 5o5 usicW

roc=>*. @an #ou 5la# an# usical instruents> 8ere #ou taught to 5la# the

or +i+ #ou learn to 5la# %# #oursel>

,. o #ou 5reer listening to 5o5 songs in 8h#>;. 8hat +o #ou thin= is ore i5ortant or a 5o5 song to %e a hit a catch#tune or goo+ l#rics>

6. 1re #ou intereste+ in o+ern usical tren+s>:. 8oul+ #ou call #oursel a an o an# 5articular 5o5 grou5 or singer>

P3AT1

Read the text ad !a"e sure that you uderstad it. #he $ist of e% %ords

o &. +7'++ %i$$ he$& you.

"#$ %$&"'$ - AO:G !UP#A!T3A!Q

!&E 4E{??{ 3 !&E 1!?1D 31'E1 !&E 3?


85/305

wnit our

o%C 5la#ing at the aous tar @lu% in &a%urgW {eran#. ?n those +a#sthere 7ere i/e 4eatles Bete 4est on +rusW DennonW 'c@artne#W &arrison an+the jLgterioug ith 4eatle $ tuart utclie.

8hen the grou5 arri/e+ in &a%urgW the# +isco/ere+ t7o things. 3irst o allWthe# 7ere not in act 5la#ing at the tar @lu%. !he# ha+ to 5la# in an ugl# %ar injrosse Yreiheit (the English translation 7oul+ %e jreat Yree/om), a street that+i+nCt eno# a goo+ re5utation in &a%urgW to sa# the least.

econ+l#W the accoo+ation the# ha+ %een 5roise+ turne+ out to %erather strange i/e %e+s %ehin+ the screen o an all$+a# cinea !he# 5la#e+ inthe %ar until 2 a.. e/er# nightW an+ then ha+ to 7a=e u5 at nine oCcloc= in theorning to the soun+ o gunshots ro the cineaCs irst 8estern o the +a#.!he# ust ha/e oun+ it un%eara%leW %ut the# ha+ to 5ut u5 with it. .n


86/305

Barti

okoe on #ou5e 1ot to hi/e your lo5e away. 'artin hisel 5la#e+ the 5iano ona nu%er o songsW an+ taught Dennon soe other 5iano 5arts. 4ut ost o allWhe 7or=e+ on the %est instruents the grou5 5oggegges the co%ine+ /oices

o Dennon an+ 'c@artne#.(to be continue/)

aes

~ohn Dennon +n SS Baul'c@artne# 5ol sC= {eorge&arrison +*0+* Chaenssn


87/305

wnit our

gukgiiarL sa%Csi+ian n QLUU RKSHLUke in


88/305

Barti

9. L \I Z\SS\ R`QVY HRRKSHLKLV N SL LRVMLV\KLVMW RVM L VZ L SYTH. 0. b IYZ L HIVH LH HKMK \QK LV\KLVKW RVMK

HH Z\SSH \HQLMK QVHLK Z LLLH HRRHVL.

A@14wD1


89/305

wnit our

5ut u5 with (phrasal 5erb). !o C5ut u5 7ithC eans to suer soething anno#ing or un5leasant

7ithout co5laining.

2. "? canCt 5ut u5 7ith #our ru+eness" she sai+ angril# an+ let the roo.*. !hereCs nothing to %e +oneW ?C arai+. 8eCll ha/e to 5ut u5 7ith the

changes.,. 7on+er ho7 #ou can 5ut u5 7ith that a%solutel# 7rong a55roach to

ne7 i+eas.

in


90/305

Barti

9ugg n, v, to jae 9ugg akout 0 oer gth z gk. ?tCs all a uss a%out nothing i #ou as= e.2. sai+ ? ight %e late or 7or= %ut the %oss a+e such a uss that ?

thought ?C+ %etter arri/e on tie. *. +onCt =no7 7hat all the uss isa%out. ? reall# +onCt thin= that singer is

an#thing s5ecial. ,. ? 7ish 7e 7oul+ sto5ussing o/er +etails.

*. C!o 5ut s% in charge (o)C eans to gi/e soeone co5lete res5onsi%ilit#

o/er an acti/it#W a grou5 o 5eo5leW an organiation etc.,. &eCs li=el# to %e 5ut in charge o the tea.

;. C!o ta=e charge (o sth)Ceans to ta=e control o a situationW organiationor a grou5 o 5eo5le.6. {eorge 7ill ta=e charge o the +e5artent 7hile ?C a7a#.:. !he noun CchargeC a# ean an oicial stateent a+e %# the 5olice

sa#ing that soeone is guilt# o a crie (e.g. charge o %urglar# zur+er z thetW etc.)e.g. !he# a55eare+ in court on a charge o are+ ro%%er# ( !he#7ere charge+ 7ith are+ ro%%er#).

-. C@hargeC %oth as a noun an+ a /er% a# reer to one#We.g. &o7 uch +i+ the# charge or the re5air>

9. ou can charge # accoo+ation to the co5an# account.0. CExtra chargesC eans a++itional one# #ou ha/e to 5a#.

. onCt 7orr# a%out extra charges. !here arenCt going to %e an#W ?Csure.

krain n.1 rac=e+ # %rain o/er that 5ro%le an+ ha/e aile+ to in+ a solution

so ar2. ? canCt go into %usiness. ? ha/e no %rains or coerce.*. ? thin= the go/ernent shoul+ +o soething to sto5 the %rain +rain.

( to sto5 talente+ 5eo5le eigrating to other countries.),. C!o %e the %rains %ehin+ sthC eans to %e the 5erson 7ho thought o

an+ +e/elo5e+ a 5articular 5lanW s#steW etcW es5eciall# a successulone.

5oggegg v, 5oggeggion n1W !o 5ossessC eans to o7n or ha/e soethingW es5eciall# soething

/alua%le or i5ortantW or ha/e an a%ilit# or ualit#.


91/305

wnit our

2. &e turne+ out to 5ossess ( ha/eW o7n) 5ro5ert# (a /illaW to %e oreexact) in the su%ur%s o Don+on. *. 7ish ? 5ossesse+ ( ha+) #our

a%ilit# or languages (#our ear or usicW

et$+D,. !he 5ainting is in the 5ossession o the artistCs son.;. &e ust ha/e lost all his 5ossessions in the ire.6. he is sus5ecte+ o %eing in 5ossession o /alua%le inoration.:. 4ritain lost a lot o her o/erseas 5ossessions ater 8orl+ 8ar ??.-. &e ace+ trial on charges o 5ossession o heroin.

;ont ji" u5Mheroin ZS ZLW heroine ZV ZLU

KA3HH3A

Hoa6 Cerkg EOk6i$ationl

3ompare

jugt hae $otl to

Hugt KV VYR L\ O$ Bae to SYT\VUW RZHK\ $ OK\ LHVU]Z KLW [V LINK MSLUVYL TKLUVU S JHK Q$ \ XNU LLN I$HK S KM\ ITR \RK VUVYVW KXV \SVIUVY$QVHLUK IUTHVYL U HTQLMN KLHN. \$

(LSKLL) XL z XLH R RHLVM SNVUW V. . ML\XLW XL.

ust get u5 earl# toorro7. ha/e to get u5 earl# toor$

!here are lots o things ?C+ li=e to +o. ro7. '# light is at 9 in the orning.( V TLH` QVH` LIN$ ( ML\XL.)KMK.)

&e ha+ to go to hos5ital. ( (


92/305

Barti

Translate the following into &nglish.

. L XL IVY R\VYW NVU U SLKH`W QV V LZR.

2. L ML\XL VHHVY HLW SVK\ QV XV QLY HR.*. L IUTHVYL LH MULVY V ZLU> $ j`YW QV H.

_V QLY HXL.,. L IUTHVYL S[V N SXHVY> $ bVW L IUTHVYL.

L KZ\V THRHTHVY VHR.;. dHK SNVU TVY LH HIV\ QH SR> $ bV. KZ\ S

TXHVY SSTX. [ LHQHYLR L THXHVW U STXH`R .

6. V H[ KY XL NVY TH SR\SRHK>:. GI SY KLZ HIVHVY VK KUJW L VHR >-. Z HKV STH LH H QHHW KL SY XHVY H

SV\.

9. L KZ\ VVVYU HK MNLMW KL SVU ZVVYU R RTHKL\.

0. K\ SVU SNHVY RKHLR\ LH \ ][ L.. L `I` VRHMHVY H LH SVKW L LZH SNVU.2. M IUTHVYL XLM SIHZHVY N TH ZVSKV.

@o5are

jugtnt ont hae to

C'ustnCtC ITR S TLHQL` ConCt ha/e toC KXV \S$\RK\ LYTU. VIUVYU HTQLMN KLHN

SVU RHR LV LIN$

KVW L IUTHVYLW LSNVUW L LH.

ou ustnCt so=e in a concert ou +onCt ha/e to (+onCt nee+

hall. to) 7ear unior in the oice.

9. Translate the following into &nglish.

. VUK LYTU VHR Z ZHVY RKSY VLM ZM2. GI L IUTHVYL SNVY ] HT. XL SV STLVY.

*. K\ LYTU ZLU MNVY T KH. L ] IL.,. GM L XL ZVY I VK LRK\;. K\ L IUTHVYL NVY RV`K LH HIV\W L IMQL L

SNV RV`K ZHV\R.

9*


93/305

wnit our

6. I]HH S[V KU. L LYTU SHTMHVY:. THVH L HIVH`W SVK\ KL LV LINKV VHHVY

HL.

-. L LH L THIMVY STLVY K\ THVH. P LZ LY XLU.

;e$reeg o9 :ertaintL EPregent an Futurel

?z#ouzhe... ust z XL IMVYa# (not)W ight (not) z TKXL (L)canCt z L KXV IMVY

%e (tire+W hungr#)%e (+oingW o=ing)+oW goW =no7


94/305

Barti

9. &o7 ol+ is their son no7> $ ? +onCt =no7 exactl#. Berha5s he is 0.ji$hts &e...

0. 8here is !o> $ &e al7a#s 5la#s tennis at this tie. Bro%a%l# he is 5la#$

ing it no7. jugts &e...7 3omplete the text $hoosing the words from the *ox.

aterW oreW roW oW inW asW toW thanW onW 7hich

#6ig Preg6eLQEl/is Bresle# 7as %orn ... ~anuar# -thW 9*; ... !u5eloW 'ississi55i. &is

irst usical ex5erience 7as singing gos5el songs in church. &e 7as the irst7hite singer to sing C%lac=C songsW 7ith their origins an+ rh#th ... gos5elusic an+ %lues.

&is career consists ... three clear 5arts. ... the 1fcJgN he 7as a 7il+

5erorerW 5ro+ucing a co%ination ... rh#th an+ %lues an+ roc= an+ rollW... +elighte+ 1erican teenagers an+ shoc=e+ their 5arents. ... 9;-W Bresle#7as calle+ u5 or ilitar# ser/ice. &e s5ent t7o #ears ... {eran# an+ 7asCthe 5erect sol+ierC. 1erican 5arents +eci+e+ that 5erha5s he 7asnCt so+angerous ... all

... the 960sW he rarel# a55eare+ ... 5u%licW %ut a+e a%out 2; alosti+entical ilsW each one 7orse ... the one %eore. ... 96- until his +eath in9::W he returne+ ... 5u%lic 5eroringW %ut ore an+ ore ... a ca%aret singerto ol+er au+ience.

El/is +ie+ ... 1ugust 6thW 9::. &e ha+ recor+e+ ore than ,00 songsWan+ sol+ (%eore his +eath)... than t7o hun+re+ illion recor+s.

H. Bat$h a line in 1 with a line in A.

3El/is Bresle#aniel {a%riel 3ahrenheit

1erigo Aes5ucci!hoas E+ison1lexan+er 4ell1l%ert Einstein@a5tain ~aes @oo=

d7as the irst to +isco/er 1ustralia.7as the irst to +escri%e 1erica as a continent.7as the irst 7hite singer to sing C%lac=C songs.7as the irst to create the theor# o relati/it#.7as the irst to in/ent the light %ul%.7as the irst to in/ent the tele5hone.7as the irst to 5ro+uce an accurate

theroeter.

htt5zz777.7i=i5e+ia.orgz Kog5e6 $ HLZ.

Kog5e6 jugi< $ JRL SL.

9;


95/305

wnit our

I. 2ou=re planning to go to &ngland for your holiday. 2ou ha(e a friend li(ingin London. 2ou=(e already *een to London and now you=d like to experi"en$e something new. 2ou=(e heard that there are a lot of pla$es $onne$ted

with /he $eatles li(es in Li(erpool and you=(e found the following infor"mation on the :nternet.>rite an e"mail to your friend suggesting you go there together0 telling himwhat pla$e

Documents

Бонк Салтыкова English for Advanced Learners.doc