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PEARL HARBOR 1941
THE DAY OF INFAMY December 7, 1941 Pearl Harbor Philippines, Guam, Wake Island, Hong
Kong, and Singapore “A Day that will live in Infamy”
Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto
Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto
1942…
War expands: N. Africa, Soviet Front, Pacific
U.S. Mobilizes: 1st U.S. wants revenge Churchill urged united strikes on N.
Africa & S. Europe– U.S. agrees Stalin angry; wanted 2nd front in France
PACIFIC….1942
Japanese victories: “Asia for the Asians” Phillipines—Corregidor: MacArthur
escapes; saves U.S. morale, promises to return!
Hong Kong Malaya Burma IndochinaConquerors, brutal treatment,
CORREGIDOR– MARCH 1942
MACARTHUR
Head of Pacific forces Island hopping plan– “Hit ‘em where
they ain’t. Let ‘em die on the vine”.
Bataan Death March: April, 1942
Bataan Death March: April, 1942
76,000 prisoners [12,000 Americans] Marched 60 miles
in the blazing heat to POW camps in the Philippines.
Bataan Death March: April, 1942
Bataan Death March: April, 1942
76,000 prisoners [12,000 Americans] Marched 60 miles
in the blazing heat to POW camps in the Philippines.
JAPANESE WAR CRIMES @ BATAAN
Beheadings, torture, starvations, executions, beatings, stabbings, buried alive, etc.
Deaths: Est. 11,000
Singapore Surrenders[February, 1942]
Singapore Surrenders[February, 1942]
ALLIES STRIKE BACK
April 1942: Doolittle’s Raid—bombs Tokyo—U.S. morale up/ Japan down (psych. Victory)
May 1942: Battle of Coral Sea– Allies (U.S. & Aust.) intercept Jap. Force abt to attack Aust.**1st in naval history: ships don’t fight, aircraft from carriers destroy ships!!Outcome: Draw– more Allied ships sunk BUT Japan’s attack on Aust. Stopped!!
PACIFIC…1942 June: Battle of Midway **turning pt.
Key U.S. air field Jap. Code broken; Ad. Chester Nimitz knows
HUGE fleet is coming Nimitz’s ambush; hides carriers & attacks
Japanese unexpectedly Outcome:
Japanese losses: 4 aircraft carriers & 332 planes,
200 exp. Pilots, U.S. now on the offense; Japan must defend! Prevents Jap. From attacking Aust.
Battle of Midway Island:June 4-6, 1942
Battle of Midway Island:June 4-6, 1942
MEANWHILE, BACK IN EUROPE & N. AFRICA
• July: 1st El Alamein- Brits halt German advance to Cairo & on
• Oct. – Nov.: 2nd El Alamein• Brits w/ “Monty” Bernard Montgomery• Germans: Rommel• Turning pt.: Ends Axis hopes of Egypt,
Suez canal & oil
OPERATION TORCH: NOV. 1942
Who: Allies (including U.S.) West. Task force under: Maj. Gen. George
S. Patton Goal: take out Vichy N. Africa Continues into 1943 Kasserine Pass-
1st large U.S. /German encounter Maj. Losses for green U.S. military Results: Eisenhower begins restructuring
ArmyPatton sent in to replace
Fredendall
BATTLE OF STALINGRAD : TURNING PT. Summer 1942 – Feb. 1943 German 6th army Soviets hold-out, fighting bld. To bld.,
winter sets in, Germans freezing & encircled
Hitler’s “air bridge” to supply 6th army = fail!
Signif: Russians on offensive; maj. German losses 6th army & to Lufwaffe91,000 Germans capt. 5,000 returned….
1943
February- Germans surrender @ Stalingrad
May- Axis surr. In French N. Africa July- Italian campaign—slow (see 598 –
599) Sicily Patton & Monty Patton’s troubles
1943…
Nov. : Tehran Conference- Big 3 meet: (Churchill, Stalin, Roosevelt) to
determine course of war Decisions: Invade Franch in Spring, divide
post-war Germany
1943…
Pacific… Nov: Island hopping con’t Tarawa Island
1943… RE-CAP
Jan: Casablanca Conf.: (Only 2 of big 3) Feb.: Germans surrender @ Stalingrad May: Axis surrenders N. Africa July: Italian Campaign begins Nov. Tehran Conf. (Big 3)
1944…
Operation Overlord – Spring/Summer offensive
Massive Build up Sup. Allied Commander: Dwight D.
Eisenhower Normandy vs. Calais The Atlantic Wall: Rommel Patton’s fake army
D-DAY ; JUNE 6, 1944
176,000 Allied Soldiers Paratroopers Gold, Juno, Sword, Utah, and
Omaha Beaches
VALKYRIE
July 20, 1944 Assassination attempt Rommel
LIBERATION OF FRANCE
Breakout of the Hedgerows Patton’s 3rd Army August 25, 1944 Paris
LIBERATION OF FRANCE
Breakout of the Hedgerows Patton’s 3rd Army August 25, 1944 Paris
MEANWHILE IN THE PACIFIC…..1944 “I have returned”— MacArthur Allies land on Leyte, Philippines Oct. Battle of Leyte Gulf- Japanese
attempt to destroy Am. fleet Result: Jap. Navy weakened; Kamikazes &
army last hope!
EUROPE: DECEMBER, 1944
Operation Market Garden December 1944 Bastogne “Nuts!” Patton
ON TO BERLIN!
Firebombing Dresden: Feb. 1945 Non-military target Cultural city Massive civilian loss
HEADING TO GERMANY…
March 1945: Allies crossing the Rhine 3 million Allies from S.W. 6 million Soviets from E. April 25th: Soviets surround Berlin April 12th: Roosevelt dies; Truman pres.
V-E DAY
May 7, 1945– Eisenhower accepts unconditional surrender
May 8th: official V-E Day
