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& Countercultures Modified From: www.hasdpa.net/215120729132129693/lib /.../ Subcultures . ppt. After today…. You should be able to tell the difference between subcultures & countercultures You should be able to identify the purpose of subcultures within dominant society - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: & Countercultures Modified From: hasdpa/215120729132129693/lib /.../ Subcultures . ppt
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After today…

• You should be able to tell the difference between subcultures & countercultures

• You should be able to identify the purpose of subcultures within dominant society

• You should be able to identify the qualities of sub/countercultures

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What is a subculture?

• Any group that exists within dominant, mainstream culture…a world within a world– Shared ideology…values, norms, beliefs– Shared aesthetic…dress, pastimes, music,

zines/blogs, etc– Shared vernacular…specialized language

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• Vocational subcultures

• Recreational subcultures

• Ethnic subcultures

• Lifestyle Subcultures

Types of Subcultures

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Job Jargon: Truck Driving

• "Reefer" ... refrigerated trailer

• "Big Road" .... Highway

• "Flip Flop" ... return trip

• "Chicken Coup" ... truck scales

• "Bear" ... Police

• "Back Door" ... Behind

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Purpose of both sub and countercultures

• Gives people a place where they are empowered

• Connects likeminded people• Makes invisible people visible• Allows people to escape the identity

they are born into• Gives people a place to construct

identity

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Furries

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Otherkin• Subculture of people, primarily Internet-based,

who identify in some way as other than human

• Believe themselves to be mythological or legendary creatures, explaining their beliefs through reincarnation, having a nonhuman soul– Angels, demons, dragons, elves, extra-terrestrials,

fairies, kitsune, lycanthropes, and vampires

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Bōsōzoku• “Violent running gang”; a Japanese subculture

associated with motorcycle clubs and gangs. – First seen in the 1950s as the Japanese automobile industry

expanded rapidly. 

• Engage in dangerous or reckless driving, such as weaving in traffic, not wearing motorcycle helmets, and running red lights– composed of people under the legal adult age, (20 yrs old)

– Weapons of choice: wooden swords, metal pipes and Molotov cocktails.

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Sukeban

• Sukeban --"suke" means female, while "ban" means boss in Japan; girl gangs

• Wear sailor uniforms; pleated skirts that went down to their feet, and custom embroidery

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Girls dress like their favorite manga, anime, or

video-game character.

Harajuku district of

Japan

Wamona, cyber, decora , or

cosplay

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Steampunk

• Based on science fiction literature blended with Victorian Era culture…– Think H.G. Wells and Jules Verne– Clothing: gowns, corsets, petticoats and bustles;

suits with vests, coats and spats; or military-inspired garments. 

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Hipsters

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LARPers• Participants physically act out their characters'

actions as decided by the gamemaster – May last hours or days– May be in public or private– Most characters dress up and have alternative

personas– Horror, zombie, fantasy, post apocalyptic,

assassin, etc.

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Trekkies

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What is a counterculture?

• A group who’s values and norms deviate from or are at odds with those of dominant culture:– Usually viewed as negative/dangerous, but not

always (e.g. women’s lib groups in the 70s or the Civil Rights movement of the 60s)

– Hippies, KKK, early punk, Satanists, Hells Angels/Pagans, Anarchists, Cults

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Why do people join countercultures?

• Members of countercultural groups are…– Usually outsiders– Alienated– Marginalized people with little power over their

status in the world– Don’t fit the mold of what American cultures

says is “normal”

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Punk Subculture

• Emerges in London and NYC in the 1970s– Max’s Kansas City & CBGBs

• Backlash against the hippy counterculture

• Values: nihilistic, rejected materialism, anti-establishment

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Hippies

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What is a “cult”?

• A group whose beliefs seem bizarre or abnormal

• Can be religious or secular:• Modern cults include large group-awareness

training, psychotherapy, business (pyramid schemes), political (militia), and "New Age" groups:

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Cults in American Society

• Some estimates suggest there are over 5000 cults in the U.S. (including militia groups, extremist religions, and new age sects)

• The turn of the century rekindled interest and membership in cults.– Some estimates suggest upwards of

185,000 converts per year to various cults

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Problem with Defining “Cults”

• One person’s cult is another’s religion

• What is the difference between a “cult” and a “social movement”?

• What is the difference between an “extremist group” and a “club”?

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Cults: 8 Commonalities1. Authoritarian: central leadership in one person or small

group of individuals. 2. Oppositional: values, beliefs or practices at odds with

dominant culture.3. Exclusivistic: only the group has ''the truth,'' usually

based on new insights or revelation. 4. Legalistic: a tightly structured framework which governs

spirituality and the smallest details of daily life. 5. Subjective: undue emphasis on experience and emotions

often resulting in anti-intellectualism. 6. Persecution-Conscious: the belief that their group is

singled out for persecution. 7. Sanction-Oriented: stern sanctions issued for anything

less than total obedience. 8. Esoteric: an emphasis on secret, hidden or inner truth.

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Characteristics of People Who Join Cults

• A desire to belong• Unassertiveness • Gullibility (impaired capacity to question critically)• Low tolerance for ambiguity • Cultural disillusionment or alienation• Idealism• A lack of self-confidence• A desire for spiritual meaning

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Heaven’s Gate Cult

• Founded by Marshall Applewhite AKA “Do”, and Bonnie Lu Truesdale AKA”Ti”

• Mid 1970’s – West Coast

• Beliefs – Aliens a “ Level Above” humans – Earth was a “ Garden for Souls” – Jesus was part of this. Applewhite was the same as

Jesus – Earth was being “Recycled” – Comet Hale-Bopp was signal to leave

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All wearing the following:

•Identical blue shirts and sweatpants

•Nike Widerunners

•Armbands reading “Heaven’s Gate Away Team”

•Each had a $5 bill and 3 quarters in their pocket

Star Trek reference

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Marshall Applewhite &

Bonnie Lu Nettles Trusdale

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Jim Jones: The People’s Temple

• Founded in 1955 by Jim Jones• By 1959 = over 900 members (mid-70s

3,000)• Preached imminent end of the world in a

nuclear war and that the survivors would create a “new socialist Eden” on earth

• Would travel around the country performing fake healings and fund raising

• San Francisco - police suspicion• Jones leases 4,000 acres of land in

Guyana

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Jonestown Massacre

• November 17, 1978: Congressman Leo Ryan goes to Guyana to investigate

• November 18, 1978: Ryan attempts to help potential defectors– Temple guards open fire, kill Ryan, 3

journalists and one defector– Jones orders mass execution– Cyanide-laced, grape flavored Kool-Aid

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Aftermath

• 918 dead

• 270 children

• Greatest single loss of American civilian life before 9/11

• Only Congressman to ever be assassinated

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