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© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Slide 1 of 28
Organizing the Elements
Section 6.1
© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Slide 2 of 28
6.1 Organizing the Elements
In a self-service store, the products are grouped according to similar characteristics. With a logical classification system, finding and comparing products is easy. You will learn how elements are arranged in the periodic table and what that arrangement reveals about the elements.
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Organizing the Elements > Searching For an Organizing Principle
Elements are organized using their properties. Chlorine, bromine, and iodine have very similar chemical properties.
They are all in group 7A.
6.1
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Organizing the Elements >
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Mendeleev’s Periodic Table
Mendeleev’s Periodic Table
How did Mendeleev organize his periodic table?
6.1
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Organizing the Elements > Mendeleev’s Periodic Table
Mendeleev arranged the elements in his periodic table in order of increasing atomic mass.
This first table was used to predict the properties of undiscovered elements. The presence of Gallium was predicted based on this table
Problem- some elements didn’t line up with other elements that had similar properties
Example: I and Te were out of place
6.1
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Organizing the Elements > Mendeleev’s Periodic Table
An Early Version of Mendeleev’s Periodic Table
6.1
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Organizing the Elements >
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The Periodic Law
The Periodic Law
How is the modern periodic table organized?
Moseley developed the organization used in the modern periodic table.
6.1
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Organizing the Elements > The Periodic Law
In the modern periodic table elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number.
Atomic number = # of protons
Protons are in the nucleus
Nucleus has a positive charge
6.1
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Organizing the Elements > The Periodic Law
The periodic law: When elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number, there is a periodic repetition of their physical and chemical properties.
• The properties of the elements within a period change as you move across a period from left to right.
• The pattern of properties within a period repeats as you move from one period to the next.
6.1
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Organizing the Elements > Groups and Periods
Remember that:
a group is a vertical column
a period is a horizontal row
Groups have similar properties because they have the same number of valence electrons
For groups 1A-8A the number of valence electrons matches the group number (with the exception of He)
For groups 1B-8B the number of valence electrons is 1 or 2 and must be found using electron configurations.
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Organizing the Elements > Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids
Three classes of elements are metals, nonmetals, and metalloids.
Across a period, the properties of elements become less metallic and more nonmetallic.
Use the following slides to help you color in the 3 classes of elements using colored pencils.
6.1
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Organizing the Elements > Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids
Metals, Metalloids, and Nonmetals in the Periodic Table
6.1
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Organizing the Elements > Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids
Metals, Metalloids, and Nonmetals in the Periodic Table
6.1
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Organizing the Elements > Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids
Metals, Metalloids, and Nonmetals in the Periodic Table
6.1
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Organizing the Elements > Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids
Metals, Metalloids, and Nonmetals in the Periodic Table
6.1
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Organizing the Elements > Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids
Metals
Metals are good conductors of heat and electric current.
• 80% of elements are metals.
• Metals have a high luster, are ductile, and are malleable.
6.1
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Organizing the Elements > Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids
Uses of Iron, Copper, and Aluminum
6.1
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Organizing the Elements > Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids
Uses of Iron, Copper, and Aluminum
6.1
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Organizing the Elements > Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids
Uses of Iron, Copper, and Aluminum
6.1
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Organizing the Elements > Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids
Nonmetals
In general, nonmetals are poor conductors of heat and electric current.
• Most nonmetals are gases at room temperature.
• A few nonmetals are solids, such as sulfur and phosphorus. These solids are brittle.
• One nonmetal, bromine, is a dark-red liquid.
6.1
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Organizing the Elements > Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids
Metalloids
A metalloid generally has some properties of metals and some properties of nonmetals.
The behavior of a metalloid can be controlled by changing conditions.
A metalloid may be brittle, lustrous, and a good conductor, like silicon.
6.1
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Organizing the Elements > Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids
If a small amount of boron is mixed with silicon, the mixture is a good conductor of electric current. Silicon can be cut into wafers, and used to make computer chips.
6.1
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1. The modern periodic table has elements arranged in order of
a. colors.
b. melting and boiling points.
c. increasing atomic mass.
d. increasing atomic number.
6.1 Section Quiz
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2. Mendeleev arranged the elements in his periodic table in order of increasing
a. atomic number.
b. number of protons.
c. number of electrons.
d. atomic mass
6.1 Section Quiz
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3. Which one of the following is NOT a general property of metals?
a. ductility
b. malleability
c. having a high luster
d. poor conductor of heat and electricity
6.1 Section Quiz