인지공학(Cognitive Engineering)

2007 년 1 학기고려대학교 대학원

수업진행 목차• 강사 및 학생 소개• 2007 년 1 학기 강의방법• 인지공학 / 인간공학 정의• 다음주 수업을 위한 과제

강사소개• 이름 : 홍 승 권• 소속 : 충주대학교 산업경영공학과• 관심분야

– 응용영역 : Transportation, IT 제품– 이론영역 : Decision Making, Attention, So

ciotechnical System Design, Visual Performance.

인지공학 강의 방법• 교재

– Human-Computer Interaction by Dix, Finlay, Abowd and Beale. Prentice Hall Europe.

– Handbook of Human-Computer Interaction. by Helander and Prabhu, E lservier Science.

– Cognitive Work Analysis by Vicente, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

– Papers

인지공학 강의 방법•평가방법

–출석 10%

–참여 ( 수업 중 토의 참여 ) 10%

–과제 ( 수업을 위한 발표준비 ) 20%

–중간고사 20%

–기말고사 ( 시험과 프로젝트 ) 40%

강의 목차• Week 1 인지공학의 개요• Week 2 Task Analysis (GOMS)• Week 3 Work Domain Analysis (AH)• Week 4 Control Task Analysis• Week 5 Human Decision Making• Week 6 Task Analysis Applications• Week 7 Exam #1

강의 목차• Week 8 Presence• Week 9 Presence Applications• Week 10 Groupware (CSCW)• Week 11 CSCW Applications• Week 12 Display Design• Week 13 Product Design for the older• Week 14 Intelligent Vehicle Systems• Week 15 Final Exam• Week 16 Project Presentation

Cognitive Engineering

• Cognitive Engineering is an interdisciplinary approach to designing computerized systems intended to support human performance (Roth, Patterson, & Mumaw, 2001).

• It encompasses the fields of human factors, human-computer interaction, cognitive psychology, computer science, artificial intelligence and other related fields.

Cognitive Engineering

• The methods of Cognitive Engineering consider workers and the tasks they perform as the central drivers for system design.

• The aim is to develop systems that support cognitive functions such as problem solving, planning, decision making, perception, memory, situation assessment, monitoring, and prioritizing.

Question that are addressed by methods of CE:

• What are the goals and constraints of the application domain?

• What range of tasks do domain practitioners perform?

• What strategies do the use to perform these tasks today?

• What factors contribute to task complexity? • What tools can be provided to facilitate the

work of domain practitioners and achieve their goals more effectively.

Method Smaller Faster Better

Cognitive Task Analysis

I.A.1Applied Cognitive Task Analysis (ACTA)

I.A.2Critical Decision Method (CDM)

I.A.3PARI Method

I.A.4Skill-Based CTA Framework

I.A.5Decompose, Network, and Asses (DNA) Method

I.A.6Task-Knowledge Structures (TKS)

I.A.7Goal-Directed Task Analysis (GDTA)

I.A.8Cognitive Function Model (CFM)

I.A.9Cognitively Oriented Task Analysis (COTA)

I.A.10Hierarchical Task Analysis (HTA)

I.A.11Interacting Cognitive Subsystems (ICS)

I.A.12 Knowledge Analysis and Documentation System (KADS)

IA.13 Team CTA Techniques

Method Smaller Faster Better

Knowledge Elicitation

I.B.1Unstructured Interviews

I.B.2Structured Interviews

I.B.3Step Listing

I.B.4Group Interview

I.B.5Questionnaires

I.B.6Teachback

I.B.7Field Observations/Ethnographic Methods

I.B.8Twenty Questions

I.B.9Discourse/Conversation/Interaction Analysis

I.B.10Activity Sampling

I.B.11Think-Aloud Problem-Solving/Protocol Analysis

I.B.12Retrospective/Aided Recall

I.B.13Interruption Analysis

I.B.14Shadowing Another

I.B.15Shadowing Self

I.B.16Simulators/Mockups

I.B.17Exploratory Sequential Data Analysis (ESDA)

I.B.18Minimal Scenario Technique

I.B.19Critical Incident Technique (CIT)

I.B.20Cloze Technique

I.B.21Critiquing

I.B.22Crystal Ball/Stumbling Block Technique

I.B.23Table-Top Analysis

I.B.24Wizard of Oz Technique

I.B.25Decision Analysis

I.B.26Rating and Sorting Tasks

I.B.27Magnitude Estimation

I.B.28Repertory Grid Technique

I.B.29P Sort

I.B.30Q Sort

I.B.31Hierarchical Sort

I.B.32Cluster Analysis

I.B.33Multidimensional Scaling (MDS)

I.B.34Likert Scale Elicitation

I.B.35Structural Analysis Technique

I.B.36Conceptual Graph Construction

I.B.37Diagramming

I.B.38Laddering

I.B.39Influence Diagram Construction

Method Smaller

Faster

Better

Computational Cognitive Modeling

I.C.1 Keystroke Level Model (KLM)

I.C.2 CMN-GOMS (Card Moran Newell GOMS)

I.C.3 NGOMSL (Natural GOMS Language)

I.C.4 CAT (Cognitive Analysis Tool)

I.C.5 COGNET

I.C.6 COGENT

I.C.7

ACT-R (Atomic Component of Thought - Rational)

I.C.8 Soar

I.C.9 EPIC (Executive-Process Interactive Control)

I.C.10 Apex

I.C.11

MIDAS (Man Machine Integrated Design and Analysis System)

I.C.12

SAMPLE (Situation Awareness Model for Pilot-in-the-Loop Evaluation)

I.C.13 OMAR (Operator Model ARchitecture)

Method Smaller

Faster

Better

Task Analysis

II.A.1

Behavioral Task Analysis

II.A.2

Operational Sequence Diagrams

II.A.3

Timeline Analysis

II.A.4

Operator Function Model (OFM)

II.A.5

Link Analysis

Computational Task Simulation

II.B.1

IMPRINT (Improved Performance Research Integration Tool)

II.B.2

CART (Combat Automation Requirements Testbed)

II.B.3

Micro Saint (System Analysis of Integrated Network of Tasks)

II.B.4

WinCrew

II.B.5

IPME (Integrated Performance Modeling Environment)

System Evaluation Methods

III.A.1

Heuristic Evaluation

III.A.2

Walk-throughs/Cognitive Walk-throughs/Talk-throughs

III.A.3

Formal Usability Studies

III.A.4

Rapid Prototyping

III.A.5

Storyboarding

III.A.6

Interface Evaluation Surveys

III.A.7

Ergonomics Checklists

III.A.8

Contextual Inquiry

Theoretical Frameworks

III.B.1

Activity Theory

III.B.2

Situated Cognition

III.B.3

Distributed Cognition

III.B.4

Naturalistic Decision Making (NDM)

Method Smaller Faster Better

Human Reliability Analysis

IV.1 Event Tree Analysis

IV.2 Fault Tree Analysis

IV.3 Failure Modes and Effects Analysis

IV.4 Barrier Analysis

IV.5 Hazard and Operability Analysis (HAZOP)

IV.6 Management Oversight Risk Tree (MORT)

IV.7 Work Safety Analysis

IV.8 Confusion Matrices

IV.9 Operator Action Event Tree

IV.0 Generic Error Modeling System (GEMS)

IV.1 Cognitive Reliability and Error Analysis Method (CREAM)

CognitivelyOriented Methods

V.A.1

Cognitive Work Analysis (CWA)

V.A.2

Applied Cognitive Work Analysis (ACWA)

V.A.3

Cognitive Function Analysis (CFA)

V.A.4

COADE Framework (COgnitive Analysis Design and Evaluation)

V.A.5

Perceptual Control Theory (PCT) Approach

System-Oriented Methods

V.B.1

Information Flow Analysis

V.B.2

Functional Flow Analysis

V.B.3

Function Allocation

V.B.4

Mission and Scenario Analysis

V.B.5

Signal Flow Graph Analysis

다음주 발표준비• 조 편성• 12 장 : Cognitive Models

– 12.1~12.2 : GOMS– 12.3 : Linguistic Model– 12.4 ~12.5 : KLM, Three-State Model– 12.6 : Cognitive Architectures

• 조별 Paper 준비 / 발표