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Changes in Latin America
Ch 25
Central and South America sought to break from colonial rule
Same as every other colony in this time period Spanish Colonies influenced by Napoleon’s actions Influenced by Enlightenment Haiti slave rebellion (1792)
Fear of all of the other colonies
I. Introduction
Simon Bolivar Led Venezuela, Colombia and Ecuador against Spain (1817-
1822) Formed Gran Colombia
Broke up due to political differences Rejected being crowned king
II. Colonies to Nations
Reasons for “Revolucion” Creoles, natives and mixed were not treated
equally American and French Revolution Haitian Slave Revolution
Toussiant L’Overture lead the overthrow of French rule
Plantation owners fearful
II. Colonies to Nations
Mexico Father Miguel de Hidalgo
Encouraged Indians and Mestizos to rebel- Executed Augustin de Iturbide
Officer, negotiated with creoles and became emperor Problems
Inequality Texas
Alamo Mexican-American War
US takes ½ of Mexico’s land Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo
La Reforma- redistributed Indian land- Rich win
II. Colonies to Nations
Brazil Important economically
Sugar Cotton and Cacao Portuguese Royal family flee from Napoleon
Rio de Janiero becomes Portuguese imperial city Changes when Portuguese leave
Nation Traded coffee Kept slavery- last to abolish Monarchy collapses
Bloodless military coup- Republic
II. Colonies to Nations
Argentina Liberated under Jose de San Martin
With Chile and Peru Formed a republic (brought prosperity)
Domingo F. Sarmiento President who made numerous reforms
Greatly exported beef, hides and wool Greatly expanded territory Became a place for Italian, German and Russian
immigrants Some would travel back and forth for growing seasons
II. Colonies to Nations
US stayed “isolated” until after Civil War Monroe Doctrine 1823
US handles problems in Americas No further European colonization
Fear of assault launch pad Manifest Destiny
Destined to rule coast-coast Brought into conflict with Mexico
Spanish American War Retaliation vs. Money
USS Maine Cuban Sugar
US occupied Cuba Puerto Rico becomes an American dependency
III. US Involvement
Panama Canal Shortcut for US fleet US helps Panama gain independence from Columbia Built from 1903-1914 Initially under US control but turned over to Panama
(1999)
III. US Involvement
Latin America became very fragmented Common culture but different political and social views
War of the Pacific aka Fertilizer War (1879-1883) Chile vs. Bolivia and Peru
Chile gains territory and problems proceeded in Bolivia and Peru
Rivalries in exports
IV. General Problems