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低溫電漿滅菌法 低溫電漿滅菌法 衛福部 疾病管制署 中區傳染病防治醫療網 王任賢 指揮官 王任賢 指揮官 米勒尤里實驗() 米勒尤里實驗() 米勒尤里實驗() 米勒尤里實驗() 關於生命起源的經典實驗之一,由芝加哥大學的史丹利勒與哈羅德尤里於1953年主導完成 勒與哈羅德 尤里於1953年主導完成 在實驗中,研究者將水(H 2 O)、甲烷(CH 4 )、氨 NH 氫氣H 與一氧化碳CO密封於無菌狀 NH 3 氫氣H 2 與一氧化碳CO密封於無菌狀 態下的玻璃管於燒瓶內,並將其連結形成一個迴路。裝置 中的一個燒瓶裝著半滿的液態水另一個則含有一對電極中的一個燒瓶裝著半滿的液態水 另一個則含有一對電極 首先將液態水加熱促使其蒸發,進而產生水蒸氣;而另一 燒瓶的電極通電後會產生火花以模擬閃電水蒸氣經過 燒瓶的電極通電後會產生火花 以模擬閃電 水蒸氣經過 電極之後,又再度凝結並重回原先裝水的燒瓶中,使實驗 得以循環進行米勒尤里實驗() 米勒尤里實驗() 於實驗開始一週後的觀察中發現,約有10% %的碳以有機化合物的形式存在 其中 15%的碳以有機化合物的形式存在其中 2%屬於胺基酸以甘胺酸最多而糖類脂質與一些其他可構成核酸的原料也在實 驗中形成核酸本身DNARNA則未 驗中形成核酸本身DNARNA則未 出現。在實驗中產生的各種化合物皆同時 有左式與右式之鏡像異構物 漿 電漿態(Plasma) -- 第四形態是一群正負帶 漿 電漿態(Plasma) 第四形態是一群正負帶 電粒子,中性原子,分子所構成之一團物質 - + + - 固態 液態 氣態 電漿態 + 固態 液態 氣態 電漿態 科學家形容宇宙中99% 的物質狀態為電漿 漿 漿 極光 閃電 極光 閃電 自然界的電漿

低溫電漿滅菌法 - ccd.org.t 100S STERRAD 50 STERRAD 200 STERRAD NX,p ... The tape color will change from red to gold Chemical ... Time 1/ 100,000 1

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  • ()()

    ()()

    1953 1953

    H2OCH4NH H CONH3 H2CO

    ()()

    10% % 15%2%DNARNADNARNA

    (Plasma) --

    (Plasma)

    -

    +

    +

    -

    +

    99%

  • H O ()H2O2 ()

    H O H2O2-

    HH22OO22

    / 2 2

    H O H2O2-

    H2O2 2 2,

    .

    , . . .

    H2O2-or

    OHOH--

    2 2

    oror or(peroxide molecule) (hydroxyl (hydroxyl (OH-))

    (peroxide molecule) (p )Hydroperoxyl (OOH-) molecule & hydrogen atom (H)

    OOHOOH--& hydrogen atom (H)

    ultra-violet (UV) light

    HH

    H O -

    H2O2

    .......

    HH22OO22HH22OO

    OO22. . .

    water (H2O) and oxygen (O2). (O2). : :

  • STERRADSTERRAD

    STERRADSTERRAD (H O )(H2O2)

    ,

    STERRAD*STERRAD

    8 1980 1982 1983,1983 1986 1987 1987, 1989,1991 FDA 1993 FDA 1993 Japan MOHW approval 1994 ISO 9001, CE Certification (TUV) 1995 ISO 9001, CE Certification (TUV) 1995 Intermedica Prize (France) 1995

    STERRADH2O22O2

    : () Plasma ()

    4

    H2O2 2 2

    ,

    45O~50O

    SAL = 10-6

    STERRAD NX H2O22 2

    1: 5: 1: (Vacuum)

    5: (Vent)

    5

    2: 4:5

    (28 or 38) 2: (Injection))

    4(Plasma)

    (28 or 38)

    3: (Diffusion)

    STERRAD Plasma Sterilization

    ConsumablesASP th i t f lASP the inventor of low temperature hydrogen peroxide plasma sterilization technologyp gy

    STERRAD Sterilization worldwide safe, proven and

    STERRAD 100S

    STERRAD 200STERRAD 50 STERRAD NX

    , pexperienced plasma technology

    STERRAD 100 STERRAD 200STERRAD 50 STERRAD NX

    1992 1996 1999 20051997

    STERRAD 100NX S t O iSTERRAD 100NX System Over view

  • H O H2O2

    :1.

    2.:3.4.

    5.6.7 7.

    H O H2O2

    ::11 1.1.2.:2.:

    3.

    4 4.5.6. 7.

    SpauldingClassification(1968)

  • MedicalDeviceMedicalDeviceSterilityAssurancey

    ASPsMedicalDeviceManufacturerTeam ASP [email protected]

    MDMTestingProgrammdmprogram@its jnj [email protected]

    STERRADSterilityGuide(SSG)STERRAD SterilityGuide(SSG)www.sterradsterilityguide.com

  • 1 Instr ment preparation1. Instrument preparation Disassemble instruments according to the

    manufacturers Instructions for Use (IFU). Remove allmanufacturer s Instructions for Use (IFU). Remove all blood, tissue and soil from instruments using an enzymatic detergent per the manufacturers IFU. Rinse y g pthe instruments thoroughly to remove any residue.

    Dry all items completely and inspect each instrument forDry all items completely and inspect each instrument for proper function. Moisture on instruments will lead to cancellation of the cycle. Medical grade compressed aircancellation of the cycle. Medical grade compressed air may be used to help dry lumens and other hidden spaces.p

    I t t k i I2.Instrumentpackaging:I

    Instruments can be packaged for sterilization utilizing different methods.different methods.

    APTIMAX Instrument Trays are recommended for use in the STERRAD System as they have been designedin the STERRAD System, as they have been designed to allow optimal diffusion of hydrogen peroxide gas around all items in the load Use APTIMAX Instrumentaround all items in the load. Use APTIMAX Instrument Tray Holders to secure instruments in the trays. APTIMAX Instrument Trays can be enclosed in eitherAPTIMAX Instrument Trays can be enclosed in either polypropylene wrap or in Tyvek Pouches with STERRAD Chemical Indicators.

    A th tArthroscopyset

  • Cystoscopy set Hysteroscopy set

    2 Instr ment packaging II2. Instrument packaging: II Container systems tested and cleared for use in

    STERRAD Systems, such as ASP SteriTiteSTERRAD Systems, such as ASP SteriTite Containers,* may be useful for processing typical instrument sets.

    Place a STERRAD Chemical Indicator (CI) Strip inside each container system or tray prior to wrapping toeach container system or tray prior to wrapping to provide confirmation that the instrument has been processed.processed.

  • I t t k i III2.Instrumentpackaging:III

    Iftheinstrumenttrayhasbeenwrappedinpolypropylenewrap,securethewrapwithSTERRADSEALSURETape.wrap,securethewrapwithSTERRAD SEALSURE Tape.ThetapecolorwillchangefromredtogoldChemicalIndicator(CI)orlighterduringthesterilizationcycle,( ) g g y ,indicatingthatthetrayhasbeenexposedtohydrogenperoxide.p

    Singleinstrumentsmaybeplacedinpeelpouches,enablingeasyidentificationofpouchcontents.Peele a g easy de ca o o pouc co e s. eepouchesshouldnotbeplacedinsidewrappedtrays.

    I t t k i IV2.Instrumentpackaging:IV

    TyvekPoucheswithSTERRADChemicalIndicatorsaremadeofTyvek,whichispermeabletohydrogenperoxidemadeofTyvek ,whichispermeabletohydrogenperoxidevaporandprovidesamicrobialbarrier.

    ASTERRADChemicalIndicatorStripshouldbeplacedASTERRAD ChemicalIndicatorStripshouldbeplacedinsideeachpouch.

    WritingthecontentsontheSTERRADSEALSURE WritingthecontentsontheSTERRAD SEALSURE ChemicalIndicator(CI)Tapemayassistwith

    id tifi ti fth h t tidentificationofthepouchcontents.

    L di th t ili3.Loadingthesterilizer

    Multiplepeelpouchesshouldbeplacedonedgeinsideanuncoveredtray.Pouchesshouldbeplacedinthetraysouncoveredtray.Pouchesshouldbeplacedinthetraysothattheclearsideofonepouchfacestheopaquesideofthenextpouch.Asinglepeelpouchshouldbeplacedflatp g p p pontheshelfwiththeTyveksidefacingup.

    Provideatleast1inch(2.5mm)ofspacebetweentheProvideatleast1inch(2.5mm)ofspacebetweentheelectrodeandthetopoftheload,1inchbetweenpackagesintheloadand1inchbetweentheelectrodeandthesidese oad a d c e ee e e ec ode a d e s desoftheload.Placetraysflatonthesterilizershelvesinasinglelayer.Donotstacktrays.g y y

  • D t th f ll iDonotprocessthefollowing

    Itemsmadeofmaterialscontainingcellulose,suchascotton paperorcardboard linens hucktowels ascotton,paperorcardboard,linens,hucktowels,gauzesponges,oranyitemcontainingwoodpulp

    Singleuseitems InstrumentswithlumensthathavenotbeenInstrumentswithlumensthathavenotbeencompletelydriedI di b i i l i i Itemswrappedinbarriermaterialcontainingpaper

    Foampadsininstrumenttrays

    Whenloadingthesterilizer,DOWhenloadingthesterilizer,DONOT:

    Stack instrumenttraysStac st u e t t ays Placeinstrumenttraysonedgeinordertofitmoreitemsinthesterilizer

    Insertthesterilizershelfupside down Insertthesterilizershelfupsidedown Configuretheloadsothatmetalginstrumentsareincontactwiththewallsordoorofthesterilizerdoorofthesterilizer

    Instrument life -- Cutting edgeControl

    Instrument life Cutting edge

    Adson Ganglion Scissors

    0 10.1 mm

    STERRAD* - 30 - 30

    Sterility Assurance Level (SAL)

    SterilityAssuranceLevel(SAL) SterilityAssuranceLevel(SAL)

    SAL 10x106SAL

  • SterilityAssuranceLevels66100000010000005544

    1000001000001000010000

    332211v

    ivor

    svi

    vors 10001000

    1001001010 11

    0011o

    f Sur

    vof

    Sur

    v 101011

    0 10 1 1/ 101/ 10--11--2233u

    mbe

    r um

    ber 0.10.1

    0.010.010 0010 001

    1/ 101/ 101/ 1001/ 100

    1/ 10001/ 1000--33--4455

    Nu

    Nu 0.0010.001

    0.00010.00010 000010 00001

    1/ 10001/ 10001/ 10,0001/ 10,0001/ 100 0001/ 100 000--55

    --6600

    0.000010.000010.0000010.000001

    TimeTime

    1/ 100,0001/ 100,0001/ 1,000,0001/ 1,000,000

    00 Time Time Heat/Gas/ChemicalHeat/Gas/Chemical

    (106)((

    ))

    EO EO

    3hrs~6hrs 24~47 20~25

    12hrs

    0 5~1hr

    0.5~1hr

    , ,

    1

    15hrs~18hrs 24~47 20~85

    1. , ,

    10,

    2. , FDA

    53~55 45~50 132~134

    CDC,

    CJD

    1. NaOHNaOCl 1

    CJD

    (/

    )

    1341

    2. (NX)

    (Descending Order of Resistance to Germicidal Chemicals)

    BACTERIAL SPORESBACTERIAL SPORES STERSTER

    CJDBACTERIAL SPORESBACTERIAL SPORES

    Bacillus subtilisBacillus subtilisClostridium sporogenesClostridium sporogenesMYCOBACTERIAMYCOBACTERIA

    STERSTERHLDHLD

    ILDILDMYCOBACTERIAMYCOBACTERIAMycobacterium tuberculosis var. bovisMycobacterium tuberculosis var. bovis

    NONLIPID OR SMALL VIRUSESNONLIPID OR SMALL VIRUSES LLDLLDNONLIPID OR SMALL VIRUSESNONLIPID OR SMALL VIRUSESPolio virus rhinovirusPolio virus rhinovirus

    FUNGIFUNGI

    LLDLLD

    FUNGIFUNGI

    Trichophyton CandidaTrichophyton CandidaCryptococcusCryptococcus

    VEGETATIVE BACTERIAVEGETATIVE BACTERIA

    Pseudomonas staphylococciPseudomonas staphylococcienterococci (MRSA, VRE)enterococci (MRSA, VRE)

    LIPID OR MEDIUMLIPID OR MEDIUM--SIZED VIRUSESSIZED VIRUSES

    HBV, HIV, HSV, HCVHBV, HIV, HSV, HCVEBOLA CMVEBOLA CMV

  • 1 1. ---

    2. ()

    3. --

    H O H2O2

    ::1 1.

    2.2.::2.2.::3.

    4 4.5.6. 7 7.

    DoubleDoorOptionDoubleDoorOption

    O Oneway

    H O H2O2

    ::1

    50C241.

    2.:

    4

    33..4 4.5.6. 7.

    24~42 --

    40

    H O H2O2

    ::1 1.2.:

    3.

    44 44..5.6. 7.

  • 5 10 10 15 5~10 10~15

    26~28 5 26 28 5

    10~15

    5

    31~38 30~40

    EO H2O2

    (50)

    2 4 2,000,000 1 500,000 1,500,000

    2 4 2,000,000 1 500,000 1,500,000

    EO24

    2 4 2,000,000 1 500,000 1,500,000,,

    2 4 2,000,000 1 500,000 1,500,000

    2 4 2,000,000 1 500,000 1,500,000

    ,,, , , , ,

    2 4 2,000,000 1 500,000 1,500,0004~6

    12,000,000 3,000,000 9,000,000

    1 O24 1. EO24,,,,, , ,4~6

    2 62. , 6, ,,,, ,,

    H O H2O2

    ::1 1.2.:

    3.

    4.4.

    55..6. 7 7.

    :Justintime EO/:EO/: :7~14 :

    Tyvek1. 2. 3 3. 4.

    H O H2O2

    ::1 1.2.:

    3.

    4.4.5.

    66 66. . 7.

  • FDA 106()

    1.(FDA)( )2.(MOHW)

    H O H2O2

    ::1 1.2.:

    3.

    4.4.5.6 6.

    77..

    N t kC ti itNetworkConnectivity Customershavetheoptiontoconnect

    theirSTERRAD100NXSystemtoaremotePCornetworkviaanEthernetremotePCornetworkviaanEthernetconnectiononthesterilizer.

    Abilitytoelectronicallymaintaincyclerecordsanddownload&viewyonesecondcycledata.

    Allowsforeasyuploadofinstrumentinventorytocreatemenuforloadentrydatalist Eliminatesneedtoentrydatalist.Eliminatesneedtohandwriteloadlist.

    I d d tM it i S tIndependentMonitoringSystem IMS ISO14937 6.3.4 AnOptionalIMSisavailable.p

    AnIMSisacombinationofprocessmeasurementinstrumentation,softwareandrecordingdevicethatduplicatesthesterilizercontrolsysteminstrumentationduplicatesthesterilizercontrolsysteminstrumentation.

    Thereare9sensorsincludedintheIMSkit.Thereare9sensorsincludedintheIMSkit. 3sensorsmonitorpressure,5monitortemperatureand1monitorsplasmapower.

    IMS 9 35 1

    1.:

    1 ISO90011.ISO90012.TUVCE)

    3.(Intermedica Prize)

    2.:,

    3.EO/FO

    CASNo.:00075-21-8:(Ethylene oxide)

    :1., 2.

    :1.,

    2 : 3.4.

    2., 3.,,4.:

    CASNo.00050-00-0:( F ld h d )

    :1.

    :1., ( Formaldehyde)

    :2., 3. ,,

    2.,,3.4.

    5.:

    CASNo.:00064-17-5 : :: (Ethyl Alcohol) :

    1.2.,,

    1.,

    2., :

  • 164: ,:,

    EO()1,2 FO() 2 3 FO() 2,3

    :

    ()

    ( )

    (EO)(EO)

    , CFC,,HCFC,ETO,FO:

    ISO/TC MOHW : ISO/TC194.MOHW,EtO

    : 1ppm.EtOFO. 1995 EtO.995

    : EO,99.9%EO.OHSA1ppm ,5ppm/15minutes

    : EO (1994)

    : EO(1995): EO(1995) : CFC(1995) HCFC(1999) 450

    EO 6 EtO 8 : EO1ppm.1995 65EtO,1998 30.

    :EO (1997,4)

    3 :H2OO2,3. :H OO EO

    STERRAD* H2O2STERRAD* H2O2

    ()H2O + () O2

    ()H2O2

    H O H2O2

    :: - 24 - - ,, - &

    () (Mechanical Monitor)() (Mechanical Monitor)

    () (Chemical Indicator)() (Chemical Indicator)

    () (Biological Indicator)( ) ( g )