Bones require muscles for locomotion Muscles move bone by
contracting (shortening)
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Function of Muscles Produce movement Maintain posture Stabilize
joints Generate heat
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The Muscular System Muscles are responsible for all types of
body movement they contract or shorten and are the machine of the
body Three basic muscle types are found in the body Smooth muscle
Cardiac muscle Skeletal muscle
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Smooth Muscle Located in the digestive and reproductive system
Under Involuntary control Cardiac Muscle Found in the wall of the
heart under Involuntary control Skeletal Muscle Attached to bone
Provide force for moving and stabilizing the body Under Voluntary
control Striated muscle
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At the joints (where bones meet), there are different types of
connective tissue: Ligament connects bone to bone Tendon connects
muscle to bone Bursa fluid filled sac that allows bones to move
easily over others Cartilage connective tissue that cushions the
joint at the end of bones and between bones
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Anatomy of the Muscular System Origin Muscle attachment that
remains fixed Insertion Muscle attachment that moves Action What
joint movement a muscle produces i.e. flexion, extension,
abduction, etc.
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For muscles to create a movement, they can only pull, not push
Muscles in the body rarely work alone, & are usually arranged
in groups surrounding a joint A muscle that contracts to create the
desired action is known as an agonist or prime mover A muscle that
helps the agonist is a synergist A muscle that opposes the action
of the agonist, therefore undoing the desired action is an
antagonist
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A pair of muscles which work against each other to make a joint
move The muscle that contracts to bend the joint is the flexor, and
the muscle that contracts to straighten the joint is the
extensor
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If youre double jointed it means that you have extra stretchy
ligaments which allows your joints more flexibility
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1. Muscles move bones. Muscles are attached to the bone by
tendons. 2. When the muscle contracts, it becomes shorter and pulls
the tendon which pulls the bone. When the muscle relaxes, the
pulling stops. 3. Muscles can only PULL, so they work in pairs. For
example, the bicep contracts to pull the lower arm up. When the
tricep contracts, your arm straightens.
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Bones provide the framework of the body, joints allow for
movement, and muscles provide the strength to realize the
movements. The kind of movement depends on the shape of the bone
and in the joint.