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Bioenergy Education and Bioenergy Education and Training in Ireland – Experience Training in Ireland – Experience and Future Priorities” and Future Priorities” IEA Bioenergy – Task 29, Streatley-on IEA Bioenergy – Task 29, Streatley-on Thames, UK Thames, UK Thursday 19th June 2003 Thursday 19th June 2003 Clifford Guest Tipperary Institute Thurles, Co. Tipperary Tel: + 353 504 28107 Email:[email protected]

“ Bioenergy Education and Training in Ireland – Experience and Future Priorities” IEA Bioenergy – Task 29, Streatley-on Thames, UK Thursday 19th June 2003

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  • Bioenergy Education and Training in Ireland Experience and Future Priorities

    IEA Bioenergy Task 29, Streatley-on Thames, UK Thursday 19th June 2003Clifford GuestTipperary InstituteThurles, Co. Tipperary Tel: + 353 504 28107Email:[email protected]

  • Summary SlideTipperary Institute Brief IntroductionBioenergy in Ireland The ContextAn Innovative Approach to the Development of Bioenergy Education and Training Skills Experience of Training and Education In Bioenergy to DateSome Priorities for the Future

  • Established by the Irish Government, opened to students in September 1999Integrated education and development instituteActivities:Education - provision of diplomas, degrees and other coursesResearchWorks with communities and business

    Background to the TI

  • Irelands Energy Supply Situation - Only 2 % RenewableOil52%Renewables2%Natural Gas20%Coal16%Peat10%Ireland spends some 5,000 Million every year on energy

  • * SourceESRI, 2000

    Renewables99-01

    This data comes from EU questionnaire on RES Capacity

    Renewable energy generation GWh/aest11.63GWh = 1kTOE

    199920002001 (estimate)

    Hydro846850800

    Wind187244359

    Solar PV000

    Solar Thermal334

    Solar Collectors000

    Biomass158316601744

    Biogas165133170

    Liquid Biofuels000

    Wave & Tidal000

    Geothermal390465512

    Total317433553589

    of which:

    Heat201121652430

    Electricity116311901289

    Fuels000

    Renewable energy generation kTOE

    Hydro737369

    Wind162131

    Solar PV000

    Solar Thermal000

    Solar Collectors000

    Biomass136143150

    Biogas141115

    Liquid Biofuels000

    Wave & Tidal000

    Geothermal344044

    11.6279069767GWh = 1kTOEkTOE 1999kTOE 2000kTOE 2001 (estimated)

    EU Return273289309

    ESRI Model247249257

    ElecGeneratingMix%

    491.81127.3497.2331.299149.77660

    480.964208.45613.76310.47154.58364

    545.292214.32820.32297.108158.63168

    534.446210.65826.88396.537141.17464

    553.52242.2233.44395.751148.51180

    574.838231.57740440.946145.72862

    587.18233.77940.88545.877143.95769

    564.366298.73841.76573.18140.41584

    574.464405.53542.64556.78131.054116

    481.338505.72643.6593.27135.608112

    546.788405.90244.4711.76124.476114

    546.788368.981856.32760.2329968528187.85123.6592010962

    546.788332.061668.24876.438169594187.85134.1368246996

    546.788295.141480.16953.2823679939187.85145.5022156134

    546.788258.221292.08939.6027205763187.85157.8305942148

    546.788221.301274844.7972648196187.85171.2035542907

    546.788184.3808289.2876.7037426011240.5185.7096030563

    546.788147.4606304.4956.9145750731240.5201.4447469284

    273.394110.5404319.61312.8813788224240.5218.5131269315

    273.39473.6202334.81396.776753746240.5237.027707942

    273.39436.73501459.0324208564240.5274.0030886601

    273.39436.7377.78181818181482.1141855052240.5279.9094383571

    273.39436.7405.56363636361500.4247296284240.5285.2617473173

    273.39436.7433.34545454551517.5098387232240.5290.4717570646

    273.39436.7461.12727272731536.6631244976240.5295.9219263528

    273.39436.7488.90909090911556.980896051240.5301.5073173427

    Coal

    Oil

    Gas - CHP

    Gas - Non CHP

    Peat

    Ren & Hydro

    Year

    kTOE

    Fig 7 Share of Electricity Generation by Fuel

    ElecGeneratingMix

    491.81127.3497.2331.299149.77660

    480.964208.45613.76310.47154.58364

    545.292214.32820.32297.108158.63168

    534.446210.65826.88396.537141.17464

    553.52242.2233.44395.751148.51180

    574.838231.57740440.946145.72862

    587.18233.77940.88545.877143.95769

    564.366298.73841.76573.18140.41584

    574.464405.53542.64556.78131.054116

    481.338505.72643.6593.27135.608112

    546.788405.90244.4711.76124.476114

    546.788368.981856.32760.2329968528187.85123.6592010962

    546.788332.061668.24876.438169594187.85134.1368246996

    546.788295.141480.16953.2823679939187.85145.5022156134

    546.788258.221292.08939.6027205763187.85157.8305942148

    546.788221.301274844.7972648196187.85171.2035542907

    546.788184.3808289.2876.7037426011240.5185.7096030563

    546.788147.4606304.4956.9145750731240.5201.4447469284

    273.394110.5404319.61312.8813788224240.5218.5131269315

    273.39473.6202334.81396.776753746240.5237.027707942

    273.39436.73501459.0324208564240.5274.0030886601

    273.39436.7377.78181818181482.1141855052240.5279.9094383571

    273.39436.7405.56363636361500.4247296284240.5285.2617473173

    273.39436.7433.34545454551517.5098387232240.5290.4717570646

    273.39436.7461.12727272731536.6631244976240.5295.9219263528

    273.39436.7488.90909090911556.980896051240.5301.5073173427

    Coal

    Oil

    Gas - CHP

    Gas - Non CHP

    Peat

    Ren & Hydro

    Year

    kTOE

    Fig 6 Electricity Generation by Fuel

    TPER by Fuel

    220841361481456.67014925371358169

    216044921531495.48179104481271175

    212547691461496.29194029851313166

    200247891471790.09313432841197167

    191452751531789.9077611941233207

    191753071481976.74029850751214191

    216256261402316.321069209

    20536078.9023808321432372.641026223

    20466904.79439874441442412.96981255

    17747804.68249419361482594.4887247

    19907772.636738689154.90139923723039.6789249

    1884.18087853957948.2405925851153.55706216633217.9654476345944.2127272727257.0142010962

    1835.99012744168116.9414317753152.24084730643494.0249803468935.4263545455266.8564996996

    1800.27446964668230.5423341573150.9540104553719.4323494971926.6408683182277.5960954884

    1771.74780805158349.034433936149.69070430433770.5031039032917.8562552934289.3080658917

    1747.52774660678308.5431661261148.44668233594103.6751204258909.0725023731302.0738638924

    1727.4336852398397.3289945879147.2192560084250.4116558357900.2895966557315.981858014

    1709.11537090618484.4225668903146.01198529924482.0631543541891.5075254331331.1279180618

    961.11126921468571.2038038684144.82340678635206.9375098736882.726276188347.6160504979

    945.11406157988655.3448402543143.65362546455457.3132282328873.9458365906365.5590876548

    889.38870371658753.5503156295142.50340259075655.6542861654881.438921769401.9714976772

    Coal

    Oil

    LPG

    Gas

    Peat

    Ren. & Hydro

    Year

    kTOE

    Republic of Ireland Total Primary Energy Requirement by Fuel 1990-2010

    IndustryHeat

    2585863726260

    2535703776261

    1646213646054

    1656183426057

    1257403046370

    1106893136271

    2276653105977

    1906963726095

    1907083966195

    1857574066488

    1997454796888

    106.6354239941829.3253875336488.29426780016888

    71.8992183507856.2024023845497.65932441696888

    49.6381060102871.5381693285507.39164027046888

    34.5659898697880.4134368055517.41045660386888

    23.8004738794713.1552763136697.14622373696888

    17.1609579663706.2033496577707.68438137126888

    12.297189088697.2168389779718.12074455926888

    8.747632851687.8847121044728.9380337486888

    6.2049706707677.3805173077739.69036397426888

    4.3887037165666.2047020613750.46423582036888

    3.5406722014635.4962936339767.08464780256888

    2.8560031102604.7679618048783.76147094886888

    2.3034488924573.7604866672800.38047130016888

    1.8548703345542.5035410587816.94225199446888

    1.4922941016511.0015058241833.44146742796888

    Coal

    Oil excluding LPG

    Gas

    LPG

    Other Ren

    Year

    kTOE

    Fuel Used for Heating in the Industry Sector (Excluding Electricity)

    A

    19901991199219931994199519961997199819992000200120022003200420052006200720082009201020112012201320142015Change on 1990average growth:2000-20052005-20102010-2015Compound growth

    Assumptions - from Macro-Model2000-2010

    GNP2951330187308883193433950367233943243106464855011955061583806152164226667826947772559756887898182395857818811090541931039577398675190.7%revise from MTR4.84.32.8

    Consumption1975020105206842130022228231922466426488285543074933651360723855339536403354103842801443824612547846493195020351052519215295954099149.7%revise from MTR4.03.71.9

    Gross Output T QGIMT21168217682389625239283953409436837427644982055540605146613270440748027934584287889909403499462105245111406115711120186124837129699134770426.3%QGIMD6.95.73.9

    Real personal disposable income YRPERD21552221822264224047240542556226955291943159533649363353913542057435104476745873472944877150410520065360854568554925643657564588034.83.21.91.039658282

    Commercial and Public Employment LSM+LSNP+LSNHE6446556726977137558038188789459971049107510971117114311741207124312751306133213561373139214062.82.71.5

    Ag Output QGA299229293168292628552860300330723070293930532843303930173000314230893044299529782971296929672966296529640.6-1.1-0.0

    Employment in manufacturing - LIMT2332322322292412542552772862922932993053063083093073063053053042982932882822771.0-0.3-1.8

    Industry, GDP at constant prices - OI9750100401066410925120211389815114174171980221954246582667228674305173256034704368023889541054434664595948016500535204953993559027.15.84.0

    Traditional Manufacturing, gross output at constant prices - QGIMD553955365670576360626524668270667208749777978031823182078055793678537794778177597728770176597601755675130.4-0.5-0.6

    Food Processing Manufacturing, gross output at constant prices - QGIMF5946620167737118767285048576867292809744101341043810751110451132211611118881216612443127241300413270135371380514072143362.82.32.0

    High Tech. Manufacturing, gross output at constant prices - QGIMH10017105111194912864150821906721400263603240537265414584643350147541595849263171675937232477387828048860192588967541011081056581104128.87.04.5

    Stock of Cars SCARS796837858891939990105711341197126913041338135613831404142314721516156416121652167616991722175017811.83.01.5

    Households1022.310291049106810841102112311521184121612501285132013561393143114711510155015901630166516871706172417422.70%2.72.61.3

    Persons per household3.43.43.43.33.33.33.23.23.13.13.03.02.92.92.82.82.82.72.72.62.62.62.62.62.52.52.82.62.50.9852957425

    Population > 15255125852624265726872724276728152870291529633005304230763111314631823217325032783306333333613388341534411.21.00.8

    Population 15-6421512002182400221800022492002278800231220023528002398700244940024937002538795257930026133802645072267569027059602737706276709727908962809646282663728388372851618286230328718642882206

    Stock of Cars SCARS - DKM79683785889193999010571134119612691297135314091465152115771632168817441800185618831909193519662001

    GNP elasticity of TFC0.740.79-0.100.700.160.980.390.970.880.510.470.600.590.630.650.540.540.540.530.510.380.350.320.360.35Calculated here ex post

    Summary of Energy Consumption for the economy:Share of Total Primary energy including feedstock

    TPER by Fuel including feedstockThis aggregates up from later tables20002010

    Coal220821602125200219141917216220532046177419901884183618001772174817271709961945889875860846832817-59.7%Electricity use+ final consumption-2.6-12.6-1.714.25.2

    Oil41364492476947895275530756266079690578057773794881178231834983098397848485718655875488348918900090999203111.6%Electricity use+ final consumption1.31.01.055.552.3

    LPG148153146147153148140143144148155154152151150148147146145144143141140139138137-3.7%FInal consumption-0.8-0.8-0.81.10.8

    Gas14571495149617901790197723162373241325943040321834943719377141044250448252075457565657845895600061096218

    Peat13581271131311971233121410691026981887789944935927918909900892883874881863845827809791-35.1%Electricity use+ final consumption2.9-0.6-2.15.65.1

    Ren. & Hydro169175166167207191209223255247249257267278289302316331348366402407412417422427137.9%Electricity use+ final consumption3.95.91.21.82.4

    TPER excluding feedstock9046929895799681101131033111121114301228413045135911400114397147011484415115153351564015710160371632116501166671682517005171895.62.11.51.097.197.61.0184689243

    Total Primary Energy Requirement9476974610015100921057210754115221189712744134551399514405148011510515248155191573916044161141644116725169051707117229174091759376.5%1995-20002.11.51.01.8100.0100.01.0179761752

    Gas (incl Feedstock)18871943193222012249240027172840287330043444362238984123417545084654488656115861606061886299640465136622221.2%Electricity use+ final consumption + feedstock5.56.11.85.824.636.6

    TPER by Sector including transformation losses

    19901991199219931994199519961997199819992000200120022003200420052006200720082009201020112012201320142015Change on 1990average growth:2000-20052005-20102010-2015Compound growth

    Residential2980302530232972308931243284324234263550363337333807386939093951396840153987403840674087410041124125413936.5%1.70.60.4

    Commercial & Public1517162217051764193019042002203521442249236524782571260926202637268727562767284028982948299530353083312791.0%2.21.91.5

    Agricultural33234535536039738238338040640343039041440840241740539738337937737637537437437313.4%-0.6-2.0-0.2

    Transport20622157234123592388250127943032342038023980414943184485465248214989515753265494566257435820590059956099174.6%3.93.31.5

    Industry2585259925942639277028453062321133503453359036583695373637573785378138113743378138133843387238993924394647.5%

    Total9476974910018100941057410756115241189912746134571399814408148041510815340156111583116136162061653316816169961716217321175001768577.5%

    CHP - Total Gas used183451678410010210410710911114117120023068572376179983787594410141083115312224761.1%From 2005 Alcan start up with 250mw station - see notes sheet

    Assumed share to heat - Commercial10.0%10.0%10.0%10.0%10.0%10.0%10.0%10.0%10.0%10.0%10.0%10.0%10.0%10.0%10.0%3.8%4.1%4.4%4.6%4.9%5.1%5.5%5.8%6.0%6.3%6.5%

    Assumed share to heat - Industrial30.0%30.0%30.0%30.0%30.0%30.0%30.0%30.0%30.0%30.0%30.0%30.0%30.0%30.0%30.0%36.3%35.9%35.6%35.4%35.1%34.9%34.5%34.2%34.0%33.7%33.5%

    Assumed share to electricity60.0%60.0%60.0%60.0%60.0%60.0%60.0%60.0%60.0%60.0%60.0%60.0%60.0%60.0%60.0%60.0%60.0%60.0%60.0%60.0%60.0%60.0%60.0%60.0%60.0%60.0%These assumptions mean that 80% of the input energy is converted into useful energy.

    Efficiency - heat100.0%100.0%100.0%100.0%100.0%100.0%100.0%100.0%100.0%100.0%100.0%100.0%100.0%100.0%100.0%100.0%100.0%100.0%100.0%100.0%100.0%100.0%100.0%100.0%100.0%100.0%

    Efficiency - electricity66.7%66.7%66.7%66.7%66.7%66.7%66.7%66.7%66.7%66.7%66.7%66.7%66.7%66.7%66.7%66.7%66.7%66.7%66.7%66.7%66.7%66.7%66.7%66.7%66.7%66.7%

    Electricity - fuels consumed by generation

    19901991199219931994199519961997199819992000200120022003200420052006200720082009201020112012201320142015Change on 1990average growth:2000-20052005-20102010-2015Compound growth

    Coal131512861458142914801537157015091536128714621462146214621462146214621462731731731731731731731731-44.4%It is assumed that Moneypoint use of coal is halved in 2008 for environmental reasons0.0-12.90.0

    Oil3475685845746606316378141105137811061005905804704603502402301201100100100100100100-71.2%It is assumed that almost all of oil consumption is phased out by 2010-11.4-30.20.0

    Gas85481178610491057118214501461142215121803190621302284227823832462262732813453358636693743381538903968320.0%5.78.52.0

    Gas - CHP1121304050606163646567841021201384114344574795025255676086506927334761.1%We take a figure for 2010 that is approx. half the ESBI figure of March 2000. We interpolate43.95.06.9

    Gas - Non CHP84379075610091007112213891398135814471736182220282164214019722028217128022951306131023134316531993235263.1%At the margin the efficiency of production is 55% and this supplies the residual demand for electricity. However, in 2005 one third of old plant is replaced and another third in 2010 and the last third in 20152.69.21.1

    Peat5926116275585875765695555185364926506506506506506506506506506506506506506506509.8%Consumption rise in 2001 because of europeat. Thereafter it is held constant at 2001 levels but new plant comes on stream in 2006 to replace existing inefficient plant. Thereafter no change5.70.00.0

    Ren & Hydro6064686480626984116112114124134146158171186201219237274280285290296302356.7%Set at 10% of all electricity by 2010, otherwise interpolatd8.59.91.9

    Total3168334035233674386439884295442346974825497751475281534652525269526253435182527153415429550955865667575068.6%1.10.31.5

    Renewables share of total electricity consumed5.8%6.0%6.0%5.5%6.6%4.8%5.0%5.8%7.6%6.9%6.6%6.8%7.0%7.4%7.8%8.2%8.6%9.0%9.5%10.0%11.2%11.2%11.2%11.2%11.2%11.2%

    Best new entrant gas efficiency56.4%56.4%56.4%56.4%56.4%56.4%56.4%56.4%56.4%56.4%56.4%56.4%56.4%56.4%56.4%

    Average gas efficiency39.3%39.3%39.3%39.3%39.3%39.3%39.3%41.0%41.0%41.0%41.0%41.7%43.2%44.0%43.9%42.8%43.2%44.1%46.9%47.3%47.7%47.8%47.9%48.0%48.0%48.1%

    Electricity produced from200020102015

    19901991199219931994199519961997199819992000200120022003200420052006200720082009201020112012201320142015Change on 1990average growth:2000-20052005-20102010-2015Compound growth

    Coal4924815455345545755875645744815475475475475475475475472732732732732732732732730.0-12.90.028.110.49.4

    Oil12720821421124223223429940650640636933229525822118414711174373737373737-11.4-30.20.020.81.41.3

    Gas3383243174234294815876155996377568179451033103211191166126116321732180918601906195119982046Residual8.210.12.538.868.770.6

    Gas - CHP71420273340414243444456688092274289304320335350378406433461489The efficiency is given above43.95.06.92.313.316.9

    Gas - Non CHP33131029739739644154657355759371276087695394084587795713131397145914821500151815371557Residual3.511.51.336.655.453.7

    Peat150155159141149146144140131136124188188188188188241241241241241241241241241241Efficiency of conversion on old plant is at average 1998. On new plant it is 37%8.65.10.06.49.18.3

    Ren & Hydro6064686480626984116112114124134146158171186201219237274280285290296302Set at 10% of all electricity by 2010, otherwise interpolatd8.59.91.95.910.410.4

    Total electricity generated11671232130413741453149516211702182618721947204421462209218222462323239824752556263426902742279228442898Historically the sum of electricity generated by fuel, in forecast indexed to actual el. Generated2.93.21.9100.0100.0100.0

    Actual electricity generated12241276135413661428148815981695179318732026212622322298227123372417249425752659274027992853290529593015This adjustment is necessary because the efficiency factors assumed for the 1990s were not precisely rightGeneration is 1/.87 times demand to allow for transmission losses2.93.21.9

    Electricity used in generation9010010586102779010911483129131133134134135137138140141143144145146147149This is determined by the assumed percentage own use of electricity below

    Electricity exported from domestic plants11341176124912801326141115081586167917901897199620992164213722022281235624362518259726552707275828122867This is the amount of electricity fed into the grid from domestic generation

    Electricity Imports00000000000000909090909090909090909090This is the assumed imports from the North (or GB)

    Electricity available before transmission losses11341176124912801326141115081586167917901897199620992164222722922371244625262608268727452797284829022957This is the total amount of electricity fed into the Irish national grid3.93.21.9

    Losses in transmission102106112115119127136143151161171180189195200206213220227235242247252256261266This is the losses in transmission determined by the percentage transmission losses shown below

    Total electricity demand10321070113711651207128413721443152816291726181619101969202620852157222622982373244524982546259226412690This is the sum of the domestic demand for electricity3.93.21.91.0354153005

    Percentage losses:

    Own use of electricity7.3%7.9%7.7%6.3%7.1%5.2%5.7%6.4%6.3%4.4%6.4%6.2%6.0%5.8%5.9%5.8%5.7%5.5%5.4%5.3%5.2%5.2%5.1%5.0%5.0%4.9%

    Transmission losses9.0%9.0%9.0%9.0%9.0%9.0%9.0%9.0%9.0%9.0%9.0%9.0%9.0%9.0%9.0%9.0%9.0%9.0%9.0%9.0%9.0%9.0%9.0%9.0%9.0%9.0%

    Total losses as % of Demand18.6%19.3%19.1%17.3%18.3%15.9%16.5%17.5%17.3%15.0%17.3%17.1%16.8%16.7%16.5%16.4%16.2%16.1%16.0%15.9%15.7%15.7%15.6%15.5%15.5%15.4%

    Electricity Sector Emissions of CO2

    Coal47164612522851245307551256305411550846155243524352435243524352435243524326212621262126212621262126212621

    Oil110318061857182520992007202625893514438235173197287725572237191815981278958638318318318318318318

    Gas19641864180924132431271933363359327134794146438549005254524054815663604375477941824884388608877489489126

    Peat28592951302826952835278227482681250225892376314031403140314031403140314031403140314031403140314031403140

    Total1064211233119231205812673130191374014040147941506515282159641615916194158591578015643157031426514340143271451714687148531502715205

    Energy Transformation Sector own consumption / transmission losses

    Coal

    Oil63627066696769849686104104104104104104104104104104104104104104104104

    Gas27413330215652473043315355606364697175869093959698100

    Peat910271323231-2-623-6

    Electricity - losses in transmission etc.192206217201221204226252265244300310322329334341350358367376385391397403409415

    Losses in conversion into electricity19442064216923082436250026972728290429522951302130493048298129322845284826062612260126302656268127082735

    Losses in transformation, MTOE22262373248926052747282730443111329533253385348835303541348234423368338231523178318032183252328533193354

    Transformation Sector (non elec) Emissions of CO2

    Oil226222251237247240247301344308373373373373373373373373373373373373373373373373

    Gas6294766948129120108699971121127137145147159164172197206213218222225229

    Peat4348130631111115-10-29111-29000000000000000

    Total331365457368407480372400384518415494500510518520532537545570579586591595598602

    Percentage transformation loss by fuel

    Coal

    Oil1.6%1.6%1.7%1.6%1.5%1.5%1.4%1.6%1.7%1.4%1.6%1.5%1.5%1.4%1.4%1.4%1.3%1.3%1.3%1.2%1.2%1.2%1.2%1.2%1.2%1.2%

    Gas4.7%6.4%4.9%4.2%3.0%7.6%6.4%5.4%3.1%4.1%2.6%4.2%4.2%4.3%4.4%3.9%4.0%4.0%4.0%4.5%4.5%4.6%4.6%4.6%4.6%4.6%

    Peat1.2%1.5%4.1%2.1%3.7%3.7%0.2%-0.4%-1.3%7.0%-2.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%

    Electricity - losses in transmission etc.207.0%212.1%209.9%215.4%220.1%210.6%213.1%206.5%207.4%196.2%188.3%183.5%176.5%171.5%163.6%157.0%148.1%144.0%129.4%125.9%122.1%121.0%120.0%119.0%118.0%117.1%

    TFC by Fuel excluding feedstock. This is derived by adding the TFC by individual sectors.

    19901991199219931994199519961997199819992000200120022003200420052006200720082009201020112012201320142015Change on 1990average growth:2000-20052005-20102010-2015Compound growth

    Coal89387466757343438059254451048752842237433831028626524723021415814412911510186-82.3%

    Oil37263862411541494546460949205181570463416563683971087322754176027791797981668351855086308714879688958999129.5%

    LPG148153146147153148140143144148155154152151150148147146145144143141140139138137-3.7%

    Gas57664467771171273981486596110391206125913081375142916571719178418511919198020222058208921212150243.8%6.63.61.7

    Peat757650659626623615499473469328303294285277268259250242233224231213195177159141-69.4%

    Electricity10321070113711651207128413721443152816291726181619101969202620852157222622982373244524982546259226412690136.9%

    Renewables (heat)1091119810312712914013913913513513313313213113113013012912912812712712612612517.4%

    TFC724173647499747478027904847787889455101071061610917112711156511856121681246112753130521335313635137761390914034141801432988.3%

    Change on 1990 %2%4%3%8%9%17%21%31%40%47%51%56%60%64%68%72%76%80%84%88%90%92%94%96%98%

    TFC by Sector

    19901991199219931994199519961997199819992000200120022003200420052006200720082009201020112012201320142015Change on 1990average growth:2000-20052005-20102010-2015Compound growth

    Residential2223220821502078213821772300227224032479257626432712277228332893293929853032307831093119312731333141314939.8%

    Commercial & Public10061053110111331261122912631269133514221526159216551693172517631822188019442004205921002138216922052236104.7%

    Agricultural25226126726830128828427929830933329931931731533032532031531331231231231231231223.9%

    Transport (incl LPG)20252121229823182348246127512979335937473913408242514418458547514919508752555423559056715748582759226026176.1%

    Industry1735172116831677175417491879198920602150226823012334236423982430245624802507253525642575258425932600260747.8%

    Public Transport434645464548505255586164676869707274767879808182838483.1%

    Private Transport16081670181818101893202922762483284531473297343935813723386540074149429144334575471747854850491749975085193.4%

    Air Transport374405435462410384425444459542555579603627651675699722746770794806817828841856112.4%

    0.190.190.200.170.160.150.150.14

    TFC724173647499747478027904847787889455101071061610917112711156511856121681246112753130521335313635137761390914034141801432988.3%

    Residential

    Residential TPER

    Coal6346205024073082693643543203023293163022892752622482352212081541401261139985

    Oil including LPG3553963884065235826566827689159309529921013104710801094110711181128115311641182120212231243

    Gas122171196226246271322302350403450502531579613645684723764809844863874884894903

    Peat734631671625635629485460457347293290282273264255247238229220228210192174156138

    Electricity10931164122712681329132314031404149115401588163016581675166916691656167416171635165016741689170417201736

    Other Ren4243384049505441414343424241404039393838373636353534

    Total29803025302329723089312432843242342635503633373338073869390939513968401539874038406740874100411241254139

    Residential TFC

    Coal6346205024073082693643543203023293163022892752622482352212081541401261139985-75.7%Residual-4.5-10.1-11.2

    Oil including LPG349390382400515574647671755903915938978998103310661080109311041114113911501168118812091229226.5%3.11.31.51.0221689291

    Oil excluding LPG27931731333044450658360568983284086490592796299610111025103710491075108711061127114811693.51.51.71.0249594591

    Gas117161187217239252303286339387439482509555587621658695734774808825836845854863590.3%Indexed to number of household customers shown below7.25.41.31.0628528426

    LPG7073697071686466667175747372717068676665646463626160-7.9%-1.5-1.5-1.5

    Peat725621645612612606484462463324299290282273264255247238229220228210192174156138-68.6%Falls by 1.5% a year-3.1-2.2-9.62000-20101997-2010

    Electricity356373396402415426448458485520551575600617633649667686705724743757768778789800108.7%indexed to consumption modified be elasticity shown below3.32.71.51.0303407481.6222

    Other Ren4243384049505441414343424241404039393838373636353534-12.0%-1.5-1.5-1.5Population1.1381

    Total2223220821502078213821772300227224032479257626432712277228332893293929853032307831093119312731333141314939.8%None electricity consumption by housholds * number of households plus electricityElectricity/Head1.42537129.2829

    Non-electricity consumption per household1.831.781.671.571.591.591.651.571.621.621.621.621.621.621.621.621.621.621.621.621.621.621.621.621.621.62Constant

    Number of Households1022102910491068108411021123115211841216125012851320135613931431147115101550159016301665168717061724174259.5%revise from MTR1.0269040127

    Share of households in gas region43.6%43.6%43.6%43.6%45.2%45.4%45.5%47.0%47.5%48.0%48.5%49.0%49.5%50.0%50.0%50.0%50.0%50.0%50.0%50.0%Assumes that gas is extended to the west gradually from 2001-05 taking in total of 2.5% more households

    Households in Gas Region490503517530545583600637662687713740767795815833844853862871Indexed to number of households

    Households with Local Gas450462476490504542561599622646670696721747766783793802810819Households in gas region by local gas/gas region

    Local Gas / Gas Region91.8%92.0%92.1%92.3%92.5%93.0%93.5%94.0%94.0%94.0%94.0%94.0%94.0%94.0%94.0%94.0%94.0%94.0%94.0%94.0%Forecast penetration at end period, earlier interpolated

    Number of Household Customers258279302327354389411447473501530560592624651665674682689696Gas penetration by no. of households in gas region

    Gas Penetration57.3%60.3%63.4%66.8%70.2%71.7%73.2%74.6%76.1%77.6%79.1%80.6%82.0%83.5%85.0%85.0%85.0%85.0%85.0%85.0%Forecast penetration at end period, earlier interpolated

    Consumption Elasticity of Residential Electricity2.662.140.510.740.610.810.810.800.800.790.790.790.780.780.770.770.760.760.750.750.750.750.750.750.75constant

    Residential electricity - elasticity wrt

    Real personal disposable income0.350.350.350.350.350.350.350.350.350.350.350.350.350.350.350.350.350.350.350.35

    Households1.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.00

    Household size0.070.070.070.070.070.070.070.070.070.070.070.070.070.070.070.070.070.070.070.07

    oil central heating boilers563598630661675703715738760768776782787798804815827840853

    Gas use per customer1.171.031.121.181.241.241.241.241.241.241.241.241.241.241.241.241.241.241.241.24

    oil use per boiler1.191.261.431.381.391.391.401.401.401.411.411.411.421.431.431.431.441.441.44

    Residential CO2 emissions0.930.930.940.940.940.940.940.940.940.940.940.9494.0%0.940.940.94

    Coal2274222318001460110496513051269114810831180113210831035987939890842794746552503453403354304

    Oil excluding LPG85196795510071354154317781845210125382562263427612827293530383084312731643198327833143373343635013566

    Gas2693704304995505806976587808901010110911721275135014291512159916881780185718981923194419651985

    LPG186194184186189181170176176189200197194191188185182179177174172169166164161159

    Peat30022571267025342534250920041913191713411238120211661129109310571021985949913944869795720646571

    Electricity36713916415341614357431944864456469548084877505650735074495749144840483843764374435344024432445944884520

    Total102521024210191984610088100971044110317108161084911066113291144811531115101156111530115701114811185111571115511141111261111511105

    Commercial & Public TPER

    Coal11111110000000000000000000

    Oil including LPG64966068668678873971170273477181284385786987889291092995096798410031021103410491059

    Gas91113132158174187214218233256295300314327339352368385404423441450458464470475

    Peat322915141191511644444444443333333

    Electricity73781286589994896010521103117112171254133113961409139913901405143814101446147014911512153315601590

    Other Ren77668890000000000000000000

    Total15171622170517641930190420022035214422492365247825712609262026372687275627672840289829482995303530833127

    Commercial & Public

    Coal11111110000

    Oil including LPG639650675675776728701691722761799830845857866880898917938956972991100910221037104752.2%Residual of non electricity where non electricity demand is comm and pub employment by the energy employment ratio

    Oil excluding LPG6306396656657657176916817127497888198348468568708889079289469639821000101310281038

    Gas87106126152169174201207226246288288301313325339354370388405422430438443450454385.7%Gas share of non electricity * energy employment ratio by commercial and public employment

    Gas - CHP heat23578101010111111141720232629333741455259667279

    Gas - CHP electricity

    Gas - Non CHP85102121145160164191197215235277274284293302313324337351364377379379378377375

    LPG9111010111110101012111111111010101010109999995.1%Falling by 1.5% a year

    Peat322914141191511644444444443333333-89.3%Falling by 1.5% a year

    Electricity240260279285296309336360381411435469505519531541566589615640662675687700716733175.7%Indexed to C with elasticity shown below

    Other Ren77668890000000000000000000-100.0%Falling by 1.5% a year

    Total10061053110111331261122912631269133514221526159216551693172517631822188019442004205921002138216922052236104.7%

    Comm. & Pub. Emp.644655672697713755803818878945997104910751097111711431174120712431275130613321356137313921406102.9%revise from MTR

    Non-electricity Energy/Emp Ratio1.191.211.221.221.351.221.151.111.091.071.071.071.071.071.071.071.071.071.071.071.071.071.071.071.071.07constant

    Gas Share of Non-Elec0.110.130.150.180.170.190.220.230.240.250.250.260.260.270.270.280.280.290.290.300.300.300.300.300.300.30Indexed to ratio of number of household customers to households with local gas

    Cons Elasticity of Comm. Elec.4.642.540.720.891.011.381.101.101.101.101.101.101.101.101.101.101.101.101.101.101.101.101.101.101.10constant

    Commercial CO2 emissions

    Coal44444440000000000000000000

    Oil excluding LPG19221949202820282333218721082077217222842403249925442582261026542708276728312885293729953050309031343165

    Gas2002432893493884004624765205666626636937217477798148528929319709891007102010341044

    LPG2429272729292727273229292828282727262626252524242423

    Peat132120585846376246251717161616161515151514141414141313

    Electricity24752730292629503108313333653502368838003850412742714269415340924107415838163868387739223966401240724140

    Total47565075533154155908579060276128643166996962733475537615755375677671781775807724782479458061816082788386

    Agriculture TPER

    Oil218227231231263249242233249263284252269267266278273269265263263262262262262262

    Electricity114119124129134134141144154136141136141138133136129125116113111110110109109108

    Renewables00000003344333333333333333

    Total332345355360397382383380406403430390414408402417405397383379377376375374374373

    Agriculture

    Oil21522322722725924523922924525928024826526326227527026626126025925925925925925920.6%

    Other Renewables00000003344333333333333333

    Electricity373840414243454750464948515150535251505050505050505035.1%Forecast as 16% of total

    Total25226126726830128828427929830933329931931731533032532031531331231231231231231223.9%Forecast as Ag output by energy output ratio

    Ag Output29922929316829262855286030033072307029393053284330393017300031423089304429952978297129692967296629652964-0.7%revise from MTR

    Energy/Output Ratio0.080.090.080.090.110.100.090.090.100.110.110.110.110.110.110.110.110.110.110.110.110.110.110.110.110.11

    Agriculture CO2 Emissions

    Oil656680692692790747729698747790854757809804799837823811798793791791790790789789

    Electricity382399419424441436451457484425434420432417395400377361313303293290288286284282

    Total10371079111211171231118311801156123112151288117712421221119412371200117211101096108410811078107610731071

    Transport TPER

    Oil20562154233523532382249527883025341337953973414143104478464548134982515053195487565557365813589359886092

    Electricity63666666777777777777777777

    Total20622157234123592388250127943032342038023980414943184485465248214989515753265494566257435820590059956099

    Public Transport

    Oil414543444346485053555962646666676971737476777879808184.3%Elasticity wrt C .66Check

    Electricity2122222222233333333333333358.7%Elasticity wrt C .66Check

    Total434645464548505255586164676869707274767879808182838483.1%

    Private Transport

    Oil16011663181118031885202222692476283831463296343835803722386440064148429044324574471647844850491749975085194.6%Up to 1998 residual, then Elasticity wrt GNP 1.0037Check

    LPG77778777711111111111111110-91.9%Indexed to GNP adjusted by elasticity set out belowCheck

    Total16081670181818101893202922762483284531473297343935813723386540074149429144334575471747854850491749975085193.4%4.03.31.5

    LPG elasticity0.000.000.002.26-1.530.00-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1

    Forecast stock of cars79683785889193999010571134119612691297135314091465152115771632168817441800185618831909193519662001

    Memorandum items

    Cars per person > 150.3700.3830.3870.3960.4120.4280.4490.4730.4880.5090.5110.5250.5390.5540.5680.5830.5960.6100.6250.6410.6570.6630.6690.6760.6850.694

    Price of Cars1.271.231.221.201.181.201.191.191.191.181.181.191.191.191.191.191.191.191.191.191.181.181.181.181.181.18revise from MTR

    Stock of Cars using own model79683785889193999010571134119712691347139714451486152515651612165917091759180818401873190819441983127.0%elasticity wrt to GNP .65855; wrt price -.69546

    Cars per person > 150.3700.3830.3870.3960.4120.4280.4490.4730.4890.5090.5310.5420.5530.5620.5700.5780.5890.6000.6120.6260.6390.6480.6570.6670.6770.688

    Air Transport

    Kerosene374405435462410384425444459542555579603627651675699722746770794806817828841856112.4%Data up to 1993, 1993-98 indexed to total transport, thereafter to private transport

    Total374405435462410384425444459542555579603627651675699722746770794806817828841856112.4%

    100.0%100.0%100.0%100.0%100.0%100.0%100.0%100.0%100.0%100.0%100.0%100.0%100.0%100.0%100.0%100.0%100.0%100.0%100.0%

    Transport CO2 Emissions

    Public -oil126139131136131141147154162170181189198201204206212217223228233236238241244248

    Private - oil48024988543454085656606668077427851494399887103131074011166115921201812444128701329613722141491435314549147501499115255

    LPG19191919211919191932222222222211111

    Kerosene00000000000000000000000000

    Electricity2110212121202020212122232323222121211919191919191919

    Total496851565605558358296246699376208716963310092105281096211391118191224712679131101354013971144021460914808150121525515523

    Industry TPER

    Coal25825316416512511022719019018519910772503524171296443221

    Oil659642693689815762734768782832826911938953961792785775766755743712681649618586

    Gas389401382356313337330392408423491509519529540724736747758773784802820837855872

    Electricity12191242130213721447156516941765187519251986204420792116213321582155218821222160219322372281232223612399

    Renewables6061545770717795958888888888888888888888888888888888

    Total25852599259426392770284530623211335034533590365836953736375737853781381137433781381338433872389939243946

    Industry excluding feedstock

    19901991199219931994199519961997199819992000200120022003200420052006200720082009201020112012201320142015Change on 1990average growth:2000-20052005-20102010-2015Compound growth

    Coal25825316416512511022719019018519910772503524171296443221-98.3%Elasticity wrt QGIMD -5Check

    Oil including LPG64863268167880375172475676982181389792494094878177476575674573470367364261157913.3%Check

    Oil excluding LPG586570621618740689665696708757745829856872880713706697688677666635605574543511Residual

    Gas372377364342304313310372396406479488498507517697708718729740750767784800817833101.7%Forecast unchanged

    Gas - CHP51015202530313132333342516069248260271283294305326347368389409From 2005 Alcan starts generating

    Gas - Non CHP367367349322279283279341364373446446446447448449448447446446445441437433428424Indexed to growth in inon-electricity energy

    LPG62626060636259606164686868686868686868686868686868689.7%Forecast unchangedCheck

    Electricity39739842043545250454157661065068972175277980984086989792595698710121037106110831105148.7%Elasticity wrt OI .57

    Traditional143151154169174187192202212220227226221217214212211211209209207205203202Elasticity wrt QGIMD 1.29

    High Tech159172188195205226249266279294304315326337348358369381392400408416424433Elasticity wrt QGIMH .44

    Food Processing109109115117117118124129133136139142144147150152155157160162165167170172Elasticity wrt QGIMF.74

    Building & Utilites192122224444455465718297118139157174190207225241257272286298Residual from total electricity

    Other Ren6061545770717795958888888888888888888888888888888888Forecast unchangedCheck

    Total non electricity energy13381323126312421302124513381413145015001579158015821585158815901587158415821579157715621547153215171502Elasticity wrt LIMT .53 - a time trend + special allowance for web farms

    Total1735172116831677175417491879198920602150226823012334236423982430245624802507253525642575258425932600260747.8%

    Elasticity of coal to QGIMD-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5-5

    LIMT23323223222924125425527728629229329930530630830930730630530530429829328828227730.4%revise from MTR

    Elasticity of oil etc. to LIMT0.5298110.5298110.5298110.5298110.5298110.5298110.5298110.5298110.5298110.5298110.5298110.5298110.5298110.5298110.5298110.5298110.5298110.5298110.529811

    Elasticity of oil etc. to time-0.020015-0.020015-0.01-0.01-0.01-0.010000000000000

    OI975010040106641092512021138981511417417198022195424658266722867430517325603470436802388954105443466459594801650053520495399355902371.4%revise from MTR

    QGIMD5539553656705763606265246682706672087497779780318231820780557936785377947781775977287701765976017556751339.5%revise from MTR

    QGIMF594662016773711876728504857686729280974410134104381075111045113221161111888121661244312724130041327013537138051407214336118.7%revise from MTR

    QGIMH1001710511119491286415082190672140026360324053726541458464335014754159584926317167593723247738782804886019258896754101108105658110412784.5%revise from MTR

    Additional gas needed for special sectors - e.g. web farms000000000000000

    Industry CO2 Emissions

    Coal9259075885924483948146816816637143822581781248562443122161310875

    Oil excluding LPG17871739189418852257210120282123215923092272252926112658268521752154212720982066203219381845175016551559

    Gas8568678377876997207138569119341102112311451167119016031628165216771701172617641803184118791917

    LPG165165160160168165157160162170181181181181181181181181181181181181181181181181

    Electricity40944178440445024746511054185604590560106099633963606411633363536298632557425777578558845983607761636245

    Total78277856788379258318849191309423981910086103671055510555105951051310398103221032897289747973997809821985798859906

    Feedstock

    Gas430448436411459423401467460410404404404404404404404404404404404404404404404404-6.0%Forecast unchanged

    Total430448436411459423401467460410404404404404404404404404404404404404404404404404-6.0%

    Feedstock CO2 Emissions

    Gas98910301003945105697392210741058943929929929929929929929929929929929929929929929929

    Total98910301003945105697392210741058943929929929929929929929929929929929929929929929929

    Carbon Dioxide Emissions by Fuel, as reckoned for Kyoto (excluding bunkers)

    Coal79187746762071796864687477537362733763627136675765846456635362676195612934473389318931373085303329822931-59.7%Emission factor 3.586

    Oil1147412490132421321814868150331587017214197142222022050224922291423167234352321923396235692374023904241102431824536247482500525273110.1%Different coefficients for oil used in different sectors reflecting differences in type of oil

    LPG394407388391407394372380383394412408405402398395392388385382379376373370367365-3.7%Emission factor 2.67

    Gas4339447044445063517255196250653166086910792083318965948496011036810705112381290513481139371423214487147301498015231221.2%The emissions from gas used by NET are divided by 3. Standard factor 2.3

    Peat60375690588753505526543948194629441540583602435843214285424842124176413941034067409840233948387337993724-32.1%Emission factor from households 4.3, from electricity 4.815

    Total301613080331582312003283633260350643611738456399434112042345431894379344037444604486345463445804522345714460854643046754471334752351.6%

    % on 19900.00%2.13%4.71%3.44%8.87%10.27%16.26%19.75%27.50%32.43%36.33%40.40%43.19%45.20%46.00%47.41%48.74%50.73%47.81%49.94%51.56%52.80%53.94%55.01%56.27%57.56%

    Power Generation Emission Factor10.3110.5010.4910.3510.5010.1410.019.739.689.258.858.798.468.227.837.577.257.056.216.045.865.815.775.735.695.65Allows for differences in emission factor by fuel and overall fuel efficiency in electricity

    Carbon Dioxide Emissions by Sector

    Energy Transformation

    Energy transformation losses331365457368407480372400384518415494500510518520532537545570579586591595598602

    Residential1025210242101919846100881009710441103171081610849110661132911448115311151011561115301157011148111851115711155111411112611115111058.8%

    Commercial and Public4756507553315415590857906027612864316699696273347553761575537567767178177580772478247945806181608278838664.5%

    Agriculture103710791112111712311183118011561231121512881177124212211194123712001172111010961084108110781076107310714.5%

    Transport496851565605558358296246699376208716963310092105281096211391118191224712679131101354013971144021460914808150121525515523189.9%

    Industry7827785678837925831884919130942398191008610367105551055510595105131039810322103289728974797399780982198579885990624.4%

    Feedstock98910301003945105697392210741058943929929929929929929929929929929929929929929929929

    Total301612977330580302553178032287341423504337398390004019141416422604286443108435314393444534436514429444784451564550145825462044659448.5%*

    % change on 19900.00%-1.29%1.39%0.31%5.37%7.05%13.20%16.19%23.99%29.31%33.25%37.31%40.11%42.11%42.92%44.33%45.66%47.65%44.73%46.86%48.48%49.71%50.86%51.93%53.19%54.48%

    Greenhouse Gas Emissions CO2 equivalent - ESRI Estimates of CO2

    Forecast Cattle Numbers (Teagasc)7.096.716.466.46.346.256.146.076.015.965.915.875.875.875.875.875.87

    CO2 - Energy3016129773305803025531780323893362635043373983900040191414164226042864431084353143934445344365144294447844515645501458254620446594

    CO2 - Industrial processes19311954196518782141204120032264225026923133322133123405350035993700380439104020413342494369449146174747

    CO2 - Solvents6771717171717171624936363636363636363636363636363636

    Methane1283612992130301309913159133111355913747136311338412666121941208111968117981159011458113451125111156110811108111081110811108111081

    N2O908689198860902192919505966095481006698479629963896479655966496739682969197009709971997289737974697559764

    Other00000000000000000000

    Sinks-5020-5176-5376-5586-5724-5913-6065-6271-6448-6741-7033-7221-7415-7614-7818-8028-8243-8464-8691-8924-9163-9409-9661-9920-10186-10459

    Adjusted sinks0-156-355-566-704-893-1045-1251-1428-1721-2013-2201-2395-2594-2798-3008-3223-3444-3671-3904-4143-4389-4641-4900-5166-5439

    Total5408153553541505375855739564235787459422619796325163642643046494065334653086542165587659666487865312656096586166081662786652766782

    percentage change on 19900.00%-0.98%0.13%-0.60%3.07%4.33%7.01%9.88%14.60%16.96%17.68%18.90%20.08%20.81%20.76%20.97%21.28%21.98%19.96%20.77%21.32%21.78%22.19%22.55%23.01%23.49%

    DOE data 2000

    Greenhouse Gas Emissions CO2 equivalent - DOE

    CO23157532256328933242133987345013570038071400194134742675434734428645114459584681847695485894949950427513735188152364528285335453894

    Methane1283612992130301309913159133111355913747136311338413137130381294112844127481265212557124631237012277121851209412003119131182411736

    N2O908689198860902192919505966095481006698479629963896479655966496739682969197009709971997289737974697559764

    Other

    Net sinks-5020-5175.58-5375.52-5586.25-5723.95-5913.47-6064.58-6271.29-6448.39-6740.62-7032.85-7221.4136882568-7415.033117007-7613.8438399841-7817.9850453672-8027.5996532276-8242.8344155873-8463.840019161-8690.7711908522-8923.7868060784-9163.05-9408.7282817324-9660.9936516193-9920.0227216514-10185.9968391124-10459.1022135418

    Adjusted sinks0-156-355-566-704-893-1045-1251-1428-1721-2013-2201-2395-2594-2798-3008-3223-3444-3671-3904-4143-4389-4641-4900-5166-5439

    Total5349754011544275397555733564235787460115622876285863428639476447865019655726613666712673006789968510691346931469463695876976769955

    percentage change on 19900.00%0.96%1.74%0.89%4.18%5.47%8.18%12.37%16.43%17.50%18.56%19.53%20.53%21.54%22.57%23.63%24.70%25.80%26.92%28.06%29.23%29.57%29.84%30.08%30.41%30.76%

    DOE data 2000

    Greenhouse Gas Emissions, DOE

    in GgDOE 2010

    CO2

    From Energy - sectoral29577.4630230.8630856.7430472.2531774.8132389.1533626.173573637707386073950640216409384167442422431844396044750455534637247205475964795948301487014911259.6%4766961.2%

    From industrial processes1930.591954.191964.741877.722141.122040.692002.562264225026923133322133123405350035993700380439104020413342494369449146174747

    Solvents66.5971.1771.1771.1771.1771.1771.1771624936363636363636363636363636363636

    CO2 - Gross31574.6432256.2232892.6532421.1433987.134501.0135699.938070.7940019.434134742675434734428645114459584681847695485894949950427513735188152364528285335453894

    Net sinks-5020.06-5175.58-5375.52-5586.25-5723.95-5913.47-6064.58-6271-6448-6741-7033-7221-7415-7614-7818-8028-8243-8464-8691-8924-9163-9409-9661-9920-10186-10459

    CO2 - Total26554.5827080.6427517.1326834.8928263.1528587.5429635.3231799.533571.043460735642362513687137500381403879139452401254080941504422104247242703429084316843435

    Methane611.25618.66620.49623.78626.63633.86645.67655649637626621616612607602598593589585580576572567563559-5.1%837.8137.1%

    N2O29.3128.7728.5829.129.9730.6631.1630.832323131313131313131313131.3531313131317.0%24.64-15.9%

    NOx00000000000000000000000000

    CO00000000000000000000000000

    NMVOC00000000000000000000000000

    SO200000000000000000000000000

    Other

    Ratio of DOE CO2 from energy to ESRI0.98061.01541.00911.00720.99981.00001.00001.01981.00830.98990.98301.04971.04791.05251.06611.07551.08561.09101.13401.13851.14711.14891.15081.15281.15471.1567

    Kyoto, excluding bunkers

    Emission factors by fuel:Tonnes of CO2 per TOE

    Coal3.586

    Oil - private transport3

    Oil - public transport3.069

    Oil - air transport: Kerosene02.98

    Oil - Electricity3.18

    Oil - other3.05

    LPG2.66

    Gas2.30

    Gas - NET2.30

    Peat - domestic4.14

    Peat - electricity4.83

    Conversion from weight to carbon equivalent:

    Methane21

    N20310

    Joc's Heat Analysis

    Residential Heat

    19901991199219931994199519961997199819992000200120022003200420052006200720082009201020112012201320142015Change on 1990average growth:2000-20052005-20102010-2015Compound growth

    Coal6346205024073082693643543203023293163022892752622482352212081541401261139985

    Oil excluding LPG2793173133304445065836056898328408649059279629961011102510371049107510871106112711481169

    Gas117161187217239252303286339387439482509555587621658695734774808825836845854863

    LPG7073697071686466667175747372717068676665646463626160

    Peat725621645612612606484462463324299290282273264255247238229220228210192174156138

    Other Ren4243384049505441414343424241404039393838373636353534

    Total18671835175416761723175118521814191819592025206821132156220022442272229923272354236623622358235523522349

    Commercial & Public Heat

    19901991199219931994199519961997199819992000200120022003200420052006200720082009201020112012201320142015Change on 1990average growth:2000-20052005-20102010-2015Compound growth

    Coal11111110000000000000000000

    Oil excluding LPG6306396656657657176916817127497888198348468568708889079289469639821000101310281038

    Gas87106126152169174201207226246288288301313325339354370388405422430438443450454

    LPG911101011111010101211111111101010101010999999

    Peat322914141191511644444444443333333

    Other Ren77668890000000000000000000

    Total76679382284896592092790995410111091112311501174119512231256129113301364139714251450146914891504

    Industry HeatQ: Can we assume all oil goes for heat, and not driving heavy machinery?

    19901991199219931994199519961997199819992000200120022003200420052006200720082009201020112012201320142015Change on 1990average growth:2000-20052005-20102010-2015Compound growth

    Coal25825316416512511022719019018519910772503524171296443221

    Oil excluding LPG586570621618740689665696708757745829856872880713706697688677666635605574543511

    Gas372377364342304313310372396406479488498507517697708718729740750767784800817833

    LPG6262606063625960616468686868686868686868686868686868

    Other Ren6061545770717795958888888888888888888888888888888888

    Total13381323126312421302124513381413145015001579158015821585158815901587158415821579157715621547153215171502

    Agriculture HeatQ: Can we assume all oil goes for heat, and not driving heavy machinery?difficulty calculating - presumably oil is divided between heat and driving equipment!

    Oil215223227227259245239229245259280248265263262275270266261260259259259259259259

    Other Renewables00000003344333333333333333

    Total215223227227259245239232248263284251268266265278273269264263262262262262262262

    Total Heat

    19901991199219931994199519961997199819992000200120022003200420052006200720082009201020112012201320142015Change on 1990average growth:2000-20052005-20102010-2015Compound growth

    Coal89387466757343438059254451048752842237433831028626524723021415814412911510186

    Oil17101749182618402208215721782211235425972653276028612908296028542875289529152932296329632970297229772977

    LPG141146139140145141133136137147154153151150149148147145144143142141140139138137

    Gas57664467771171273981486596110391206125913081375142916571719178418511919198020222058208921212150

    Peat00000000000000000000000000

    Renewables10911198103127129140139139135135133133132131131130130129129128127127126126125

    Total00000000000000000000000000

    Renewables TPER by Sector

    19901991199219931994199519961997199819992000200120022003200420052006200720082009201020112012201320142015Change on 1990average growth:2000-20052005-20102010-2015Compound growth

    Electricity generation60646864806269841161121141241341461581711862012192372742802852902963023.5667181443Set at 10% of all electricity by 2010, otherwise interpolatd8.47298341779.86226192291.9315151171

    Residential4243384049505441414343424241404039393838373636353534

    Commercial & Public77668890000000000000000000

    Agriculture00000003344333333333333333

    Transport00000000000000000000000000

    Industry6061545770717795958888888888888888888888888888888888Forecast unchangedCheck

    Total169175166167207191209223255247249257267278289302316331348366402407412417422427

    &L&D &T&CMedium-Term Review: 1999-2005 - September Final Estimate&R&P

    Elec. Demand

    Electricity Demand, TFC, ktoeAverage Growth Rates:

    199019911992199319941995199619971998199920002001200220032004200520062007200820092010201120122013201420152000-20052005-20102010-2015

    Residential3563733964024154264484584855205515756006176336496676867057247437577687787898003.32.71.5

    Commercial & Public2402602792852963093363603814114354695055195315415665896156406626756877007167334.54.12.1

    Agriculture37384041424345475046494851515053525150505050505050501.5-1.1-0.0

    Transport212222222223333333333333332.72.51.2

    Industry397398420435452504541576610650689721752779809840869897925956987101210371061108311054.03.32.3

    Total103210701137116512071284137214431528162917261816191019692026208521572226229823732445249825462592264126903.93.21.9

    Gas Demand

    Report199019911992199319941995199619971998199920002001200220032004200520062007200820092010201120122013201420152000-20052005-20102010-20152000-2010

    Total Gas Demand

    Total188719431932220122492400271728402873300434443622389841234175450846544886561158616060618862996404651366225.56.11.85.8

    Feedstock4304484364114594234014674604104044044044044044044044044044044044044044044044040.00.00.00.0

    Excluding feedstock145714951496179017901977231623732413259430403218349437193771410442504482520754575656578458956000610962186.26.61.96.4

    Gas Demand, Final Consumption

    Transmission Losses2741333021565247304331535560636469717586909395969810015.67.02.111.2

    Electricity, including CHP854811786104910571182145014611422151218031906213022842278238324622627328134533586366937433815389039685.78.52.07.1

    Residential1171611872172392523032863393874394825095555876216586957347748088258368458548637.25.41.36.3

    Commercial & Public871061261521691742012072262462882883013133253393543703884054224304384434504543.34.51.53.9

    Agricultural00000000000000000000000000

    Transport00000000000000000000000000

    Industry3723773643423043133103723964064794884985075176977087187297407507677848008178337.81.52.14.6

    Feedstock4304484364114594234014674604104044044044044044044044044044044044044044044044040.00.00.00.0

    Total188719431932220122492400271728402873300434443622389841234175450846544886561158616060618862996404651366225.56.11.85.8

    of which:

    CHP18345167841001021041071091111411712002306857237617998378759441014108311531222

    Assigning a quarter of CHP to commercial and three quarters to industry

    Consumption excluding CHP

    Commercial & Public8297113135148149175181199219260253259263267167173180188196203194184173161148

    Industry368368351325283288284346369379451453455457460526527528529530532531530530529528

    Gas Demand, Primary energy, ktoe

    Electricity85481178610491057118214501461142215121803190621302284227823832462262732813453358636693743381538903968

    Residential122171196226246271322302350403450502531579613645684723764809844863874884894903

    Commercial & Public91113132158174187214218233256295300314327339352368385404423441450458464470475

    Agricultural00000000000000000000000000

    Transport00000000000000000000000000

    Industry389401382356313337330392408423491509519529540724736747758773784802820837855872

    Feedstock430448436411459423401467460410404404404404404404404404404404404404404404404404

    Total18871943193222012249240027172840287330043444362238984123417545084654488656115861606061886299640465136622

    Report

    Report199019911992199319941995199619971998199920002001200220032004200520062007200820092010201120122013201420152000-20052005-20102010-20152000-2010

    ENERGY

    Total primary energy requirement by fuel, TOE(000)

    Coal220821602125200219141917216220532046177419901884183618001772174817271709961945889875860846832817

    Oil413644924769478952755307562660796905780577737948811782318349830983978484857186558754883489189000909992031.31.01.01.2

    LPG148153146147153148140143144148155154152151150148147146145144143141140139138137-0.8-0.8-0.8-0.8

    Gas (incl Feedstock)188719431932220122492400271728402873300434443622389841234175450846544886561158616060618862996404651366225.56.11.85.8

    Peat135812711313119712331214106910269818877899449359279189099008928838748818638458278097912.9-0.6-2.11.1

    Ren. & Hydro1691751661672071912092232552472492572672782893023163313483664024074124174224273.95.91.24.9

    Total Primary Energy Requirement947697461001510092105721075411522118971274413455139951440514801151051524815519157391604416114164411672516905170711722917409175932.11.51.01.8

    Total primary energy requirement by sector, TOE(000)

    Residential29803025302329723089312432843242342635503633373338073869390939513968401539874038406740874100411241254139

    Commercial & Public15171622170517641930190420022035214422492365247825712609262026372687275627672840289829482995303530833127

    Agricultural332345355360397382383380406403430390414408402417405397383379377376375374374373

    Transport20622157234123592388250127943032342038023980414943184485465248214989515753265494566257435820590059956099

    Industry25852599259426392770284530623211335034533590365836953736375737853781381137433781381338433872389939243946

    Total excluding feedstock94769749100181009410574107561152411899127461345713998144081480415108153401561115831161361620616533168161699617162173211750017685

    Feedstock430448436411459423401467460410404404404404404404404404404404404404404404404404

    Total Primary Energy Requirement990610197104541050511033111791192512366132061386714402148121520815512157441601516235165401661016937172201740017566177251790418089

    Total final consumption of energy by fuel, TOE(000)`, excluding feedstock

    Coal89387466757343438059254451048752842237433831028626524723021415814412911510186-11.6-11.1-11.4

    Oil372638624115414945464609492051815704634165636839710873227541760277917979816683518550863087148796889589993.02.41.0

    LPG148153146147153148140143144148155154152151150148147146145144143141140139138137-0.8-0.8-0.8

    Gas576644677711712739814865961103912061259130813751429165717191784185119191980202220582089212121506.63.61.7

    Peat757650659626623615499473469328303294285277268259250242233224231213195177159141-3.1-2.2-9.4

    Electricity103210701137116512071284137214431528162917261816191019692026208521572226229823732445249825462592264126903.93.21.9

    Renewables (heat)10911198103127129140139139135135133133132131131130130129129128127127126126125-0.6-0.4-0.4

    TFC72417364749974747802790484778788945510107106161091711271115651185612168124611275313052133531363513776139091403414180143292.82.31.0

    Total final consumption of energy by sector, TOE(000)

    Residential22232208215020782138217723002272240324792576264327122772283328932939298530323078310931193127313331413149

    Commercial & Public10061053110111331261122912631269133514221526159216551693172517631822188019442004205921002138216922052236

    Agricultural252261267268301288284279298309333299319317315330325320315313312312312312312312

    Transport (incl LPG)20252121229823182348246127512979335937473913408242514418458547514919508752555423559056715748582759226026

    Industry17351721168316771754174918791989206021502268230123342364239824302456248025072535256425752584259326002607

    Total7241736474997474780279048477878894551010710616109171127111565118561216812461127531305213353136351377613909140341418014329

    Greenhouse Gases

    Carbon Dioxide Emissions by Sector

    Energy transformation losses331365457368407480372400384518415494500510518520532537545570579586591595598602

    Residential102521024210191984610088100971044110317108161084911066113291144811531115101156111530115701114811185111571115511141111261111511105

    Commercial and Public47565075533154155908579060276128643166996962733475537615755375677671781775807724782479458061816082788386

    Agriculture10371079111211171231118311801156123112151288117712421221119412371200117211101096108410811078107610731071

    Transport496851565605558358296246699376208716963310092105281096211391118191224712679131101354013971144021460914808150121525515523

    Industry78277856788379258318849191309423981910086103671055510555105951051310398103221032897289747973997809821985798859906

    Feedstock98910301003945105697392210741058943929929929929929929929929929929929929929929929929

    Total3016129773305803025531780322873414235043373983900040191414164226042864431084353143934445344365144294447844515645501458254620446594

    % change on 19900.0%-1.3%1.4%0.3%5.4%7.0%13.2%16.2%24.0%29.3%33.3%37.3%40.1%42.1%42.9%44.3%45.7%47.7%44.7%46.9%48.5%49.7%50.9%51.9%53.2%54.5%

    Greenhouse Gas Emissions CO2 equivalent - ESRI Estimates of CO2

    CO2 - Energy3016129773305803025531780323893362635043373983900040191414164226042864431084353143934445344365144294447844515645501458254620446594

    CO2 - Industrial processes19311954196518782141204120032264225026923133322133123405350035993700380439104020413342494369449146174747

    CO2 - Solvents6771717171717171624936363636363636363636363636363636

    CO23215931798326153220433993345013570037378397114174143359446734560746304466434716547669483734759748350489534944149905503525085751377

    Methane1283612992130301309913159133111355913747136311338412666121941208111968117981159011458113451125111156110811108111081110811108111081

    N2O908689198860902192919505966095481006698479629963896479655966496739682969197009709971997289737974697559764

    Adjusted sinks0-156-355-566-704-893-1045-1251-1428-1721-2013-2201-2395-2594-2798-3008-3223-3444-3671-3904-4143-4389-4641-4900-5166-5439

    Total5408153553541505375855739564235787459422619796325163642643046494065334653086542165587659666487865312656096586166081662786652766782

    percentage change on 19900.0%-1.0%0.1%-0.6%3.1%4.3%7.0%9.9%14.6%17.0%17.7%18.9%20.1%20.8%20.8%21.0%21.3%22.0%20.0%20.8%21.3%21.8%22.2%22.6%23.0%23.5%

    DOE data 2000

    Greenhouse Gas Emissions CO2 equivalent - DOE

    CO23157532256328933242133987345013570038071400194134742675434734428645114459584681847695485894949950427513735188152364528285335453894

    Methane1283612992130301309913159133111355913747136311338413137130381294112844127481265212557124631237012277121851209412003119131182411736

    N2O908689198860902192919505966095481006698479629963896479655966496739682969197009709971997289737974697559764

    Adjusted sinks0-156-355-566-704-893-1045-1251-1428-1721-2013-2201-2395-2594-2798-3008-3223-3444-3671-3904-4143-4389-4641-4900-5166-5439

    Total5349754011544275397555733564235787460115622876285863428639476447865019655726613666712673006789968510691346931469463695876976769955

    percentage change on 19900.0%1.0%1.7%0.9%4.2%5.5%8.2%12.4%16.4%17.5%18.6%19.5%20.5%21.5%22.6%23.6%24.7%25.8%26.9%28.1%29.2%29.6%29.8%30.1%30.4%30.8%

    Emission factors by fuel:

    Coal3.586

    Oil - private transport3

    Oil - public transport3.069

    Oil - air transport: Kerosene0

    Oil - Electricity3.18

    Oil - other3.05

    LPG2.66

    Gas2.3

    Gas - NET2.3

    Peat - domestic4.14

    Peat - electricity4.83

    Conversion from weight to carbon equivalent:

    Methane21

    N20310

    WARNING 2106

    Condition number exceeds the current user-set CONOPT CONDWARN.

    2 : LOG(EN1I_T+EN4I_T+EN6I_T) = A1+A2*LOG(LIMT)+A3*TYEAR

    NOB = 17 NOVAR = 3 NCOEF = 3

    RANGE: 1980A to 1996A

    RSQ = 0.850646 CRSQ = 0.829309

    F(2/14) = 39.868381 PROB>F = 0

    SER = 0.045371 SSR = 0.028819

    DW(0) = 1.895522 COND = 994.615319

    MAX:HAT = 0.398634 RSTUDENT = 3.460124

    DFFITS = 1.326661

    COEF ESTIMATE STER TSTAT PROB>|T|

    A1 44.098113 4.480513 9.842202 0

    A2 0.529811 0.191762 2.762857 0.015255

    A3 -0.020015 0.002272 -8.809825 0

    OLSMOD Command:

    Elasticity of industrial energy wrt LIMT0.529811

    Elasticity of industrial energy wrt time-0.020015

    &RPage &P

    Notes

    Households% Cen. Heat. ExistNew Housholds% of newOld houses% of oldTotal cen heatTotal

    TotalCentral H.TotalCentral H.TotalCentral H.

    1987992.251151.5

    19941083.731814188674168.491.5318141886829099265966.4

    19971152.360196951884273.168.62838276336290108478072

    20001250.0268845506101581.297.66668759889395115292280

    20051430.7020357667127288.9180.6751512161172951250110088

    20101630.1135686204147790.6199.4115328537189951431128890

    2010/199741.575.4190.6206.732.065.0

    average annual % growth 1997-2010

    4.4

    Assume that all gas households have central heating and that the rest of those with central heating use oil. Then taking the above forecast for central heating forecast oil use at constant consumption per boiler

    1994199519961997199819992000200120022003200420052006200720082009201020112012201320142015

    Central Heating boilers7408429009571015106411131163121212611299133613741411144914691489150915291549

    Gas Households279302327354389411447473501530560592624651665674682689696

    Implied oil C. heating households563598630661675703715738760768776782787798804815827840853

    Oil&LPG consumption671755903915938978998103310661080109311041114113911501168118812091229

    oil per boiler1.191.261.431.381.391.391.401.401.401.411.411.411.421.431.431.431.441.441.44

    ESBI Residential energy forecast - non-electricityESBI Residential energy forecast - oil & gas

    average annual % growth 1997-2010average annual % growth 1997-2010

    3.13.7

    19982010% change

    Population3705416512.4

    Household electricity consumption48574353.2

    Consumption per head0.13090418350.178379667536.3

    Installed CHP Capacity200020052010

    Gas consumption by CHPKTOE111685875

    Load factor90.00%90.00%90.00%

    Number of hours per year876087608760

    Gas per hourKTOE0.01407914760.086884830.1109842719

    Proportion used for electricity60.00%60.00%60.00%

    Efficiency of conversion66.00%66.00%66.00%

    Electricity per hourKTOE0.00557534250.03440639270.0439497717

    Mwh per TOE11.62811.62811.628

    Electricity per hourMwh65400511

    Residential Sector Energy Consumption

    19972000200520102015

    1.97160575832.0607556782.02215676741.90713371921.8075454095

    Web farms

    thermsktoe

    55139

    20052006200720082009201020112012201320142015

    CHP gas6857237617998378759441014108311531222

    alcan's428.125428.125428.125428.125428.125428.125428.125428.125428.125428.125428.125

    total non-alcan256.875294.875332.875370.875408.875446.875516.3295454545585.7840909091655.2386363636724.6931818182794.1477272727

    non-alcan industry192.65625221.15625249.65625278.15625306.65625335.15625387.2471590909439.3380681818491.4289772727543.5198863636595.6107954545

    non-alcan commercial64.2187573.7187583.2187592.71875102.21875111.71875129.0823863636146.4460227273163.8096590909181.1732954545198.5369318182

    Industry share incl. Alcan0.906250.89803769020.89064553220.88395650810.87787485070.87232142860.86332599380.85556296510.84879531340.84284313150.8375674042

    Heat - Industry share incl. Alcan0.36250.35921507610.35625821290.35358260330.35114994030.34892857140.34533039750.3422251860.33951812540.33713725260.3350269617

    Heat - commercial share0.03750.04078492390.04374178710.04641739670.04885005970.05107142860.05466960250.0577748140.06048187460.06286274740.0649730383

    &L&D &T&CMedium-Term Review: 1999-2005 - September Final Estimate&R&P

    Notation

    Assumptions - from Macro-Model

    GNPGNP

    ConsumptionC

    Gross Output TQGIMT

    Real personal disposable incomeYRPERD

    Commercial and Public EmploymentLSM+LSN

    Ag OutputQAG

    Employment in manufacturing - LIMTLIMT

    Industry, GDP at constant prices - OIOI

    Traditional Manufacturing, gross output at constant prices - QGIMDQGIMD

    Food Processing Manufacturing, gross output at constant prices - QGIMFQGIMF

    High Tech. Manufacturing, gross output at constant prices - QGIMHQGIMH

    HouseholdsHOUSEH_CEN

    Persons per householdNT/HOUSEH_CEN

    Population > 15NT-NLE14

    Population 15-64N1564

    GNP elasticity of TFC

    Summary of Energy Consumption for the economy:

    TPER by Fuel including feedstock

    CoalEN1TD_T

    OilEN4TD_T

    LPG

    Gas (incl Feedstock)EN6TD_T

    PeatEN8TD-T

    Ren. & HydroEN7TD_T+EN9TD_T

    Total Primary Energy RequirementENTD_T

    TPER excluding feedstockENTD_T-EN6IMCHF_T

    TPER by Sector including transformation losses

    ResidentialENC_T

    Commercial & PublicENS_T

    Agricultural

    TransportENST_T

    IndustryENI_T

    Adjustment for CHP used for electricity

    TotalENFD_T

    CHP - Total Gas used

    Assumed share to heat - CommercialENCHS

    Assumed share to heat - Industrial1-ENCHS

    Assumed share to electricityENGEFF6C

    Efficiency - heatENGEF6CH

    Efficiency - electricity1

    Electricity - fuels consumed by generation

    CoalEN1E_T

    OilEN43E_T

    GasEN6E_T

    Gas - CHPEN6CH_T

    Gas - Non CHPEN6NH_T

    PeatEN8E_T

    Ren & HydroEN7E_T+EN9E_T

    TotalENE_T

    Renewables share of total electricity consumed

    Electricity produced from

    CoalEN7G1_T

    OilEN7G43_T

    GasEN7G6_T

    Gas - CHPEN7GCH6_T

    Gas - Non CHPEN7GNH6_T

    PeatEN7G8_T

    Ren & HydroEN7QD_T+EN7G9_T

    Total electricity generatedEN7GEN_T

    Actual electricity generatedEN7TGEN_T

    Total electricity demandEN7FC_T

    Electricity Sector Emissions of CO2

    Coal

    Oil

    Gas

    Peat

    Total

    Energy Transformation Sector own consumption / transmission losses

    Coal

    OilEN4TRLOS_T

    GasEN6TRLOS_T

    PeatEN8TRLOS_T

    Electricity - losses in transmission etc.EN7FC_T*EN7LOSS_T

    Losses in conversion into electricityENE_T-EN7TGEN_T

    Losses in transformation, MTOEENTRLOS_T

    Transformation Sector (non elec) Emissions of CO2

    Oil

    Gas

    Peat

    Total

    Percentage transformation loss by fuel

    Coal

    Oil

    Gas

    Peat

    Electricity - losses in transmission etc.

    TFC by Fuel excluding feedstock. This is derived by adding the TFC by individual sectors.

    CoalEN1FC_T

    OilEN4FC_T

    LPG

    GasEN6FC_T

    PeatEN8FC_T

    ElectricityEN7FC_T

    Ren. & HydroEN9FC_T

    TFCENFC_T

    Change on 1990 %

    TFC by Sector

    ResidentialENC_T

    Commercial & PublicENS_T

    Agricultural

    Transport (incl LPG)ENST_T

    Public Transport

    Private Transport

    Air Transport

    IndustryENI_T

    TFCENFC_T

    Residential

    Residential TPER

    CoalEN1CTD_T

    Oil including LPGEN4CTD_T

    GasEN6CTD_T

    PeatEN8CTD_T

    ElectricityEN7CTD_T

    Other RenEN9CTD_T

    TotalENCTD_T

    Residential TFC

    CoalEN1C_T

    Oil including LPGEN4C_T

    Oil excluding LPG

    GasEN6C_T

    LPG

    PeatEN8C_T

    ElectricityEN7C_T

    Other RenEN9C_T

    TotalENC_T

    Non-electricity consumption per household(ENC_T-EN7C_T)/HSTOCK1

    Number of HouseholdsHSTOCK1

    Share of households in gas regionEN6CSHR

    Households in Gas RegionHSTOCK1*EN6CSHR

    Households with Local GasHSTOCK1*EN6CSHR*EN6CACC

    Local Gas / Gas RegionEN6CACC

    Number of Household CustomersHSTOCK1*EN6CSHR*EN6CACC*EN6CPEN

    Gas PenetrationEN6CPEN

    Consumption Elasticity of Residential Electricity

    Residential electricity - elasticity wrt

    Real personal disposable income

    Households

    Household size

    oil central heating boilers

    Gas use per customer

    oil use per boiler

    Residential CO2 emissions

    Coal

    Oil excluding LPG

    Gas

    LPG

    Peat

    Electricity

    Total

    Commercial & Public TPER

    CoalEN1STD_T

    Oil including LPGEN4STD_T

    GasEN6STD_T

    PeatEN8STD_T

    ElectricityEN7STD_T

    Other RenEN9STD_T

    TotalENSTD_T

    Commercial & Public

    CoalEN1S_T

    Oil including LPGEN4S_T

    Oil excluding LPG

    GasEN6S_T

    Gas - CHP heat

    Gas - CHP electricity

    Gas - Non CHP

    LPG

    PeatEN8S_T

    ElectricityEN7S_T

    Other RenEN9S_T

    TotalENS_T

    Comm. & Pub. Emp.

    Non-electricity Energy/Emp Ratio

    Gas Share of Non-Elec

    Cons Elasticity of Comm. Elec.

    Commercial CO2 emissions

    Coal

    Oil excluding LPG

    Gas

    LPG

    Peat

    Electricity

    Total

    Agriculture TPER

    Oil

    Electricity

    Renewables

    Total

    Agriculture

    Oil

    Other Renewables

    Electricity

    Total

    Ag Output

    Energy/Output Ratio

    Agriculture CO2 Emissions

    Oil

    Electricity

    Total

    Transport TPER

    Oil

    Electricity

    Total

    Public Transport

    Oil

    Electricity

    Total

    Private Transport

    Oil

    LPG

    Total

    LPG elasticity

    Forecast stock of cars

    Memorandum items

    Cars per person > 15

    Price of Cars

    Stock of Cars using own model

    Cars per person > 15

    Air Transport

    Kerosene

    Total

    Transport CO2 Emissions

    Public -oil

    Private - oil

    LPG

    Kerosene

    Electricity

    Total

    Industry TPER

    Coal

    Oil

    Gas

    Electricity

    Renewables

    Total

    Industry excluding feedstock

    Coal

    Oil including LPG

    Oil excluding LPG

    Gas

    Gas - CHP

    Gas - Non CHP

    LPG

    Electricity

    Traditional

    High Tech

    Food Processing

    Building & Utilites

    Other Ren

    Total non electricity energy

    Total

    Elasticity of coal to QGIMD

    LIMT

    Elasticity of oil etc. to LIMT

    Elasticity of oil etc. to time

    OI

    QGIMD

    QGIMF

    QGIMH

    Additional gas needed for special sectors - e.g. web farms

    Industry CO2 Emissions

    Coal

    Oil excluding LPG

    Gas

    LPG

    Electricity

    Total

    Feedstock

    Gas

    Total

    Feedstock CO2 Emissions

    Gas

    Total

    Carbon Dioxide Emissions by Fuel, as reckoned for Kyoto (excluding bunkers)

    Coal

    Oil

    LPG

    Gas

    Peat

    Total

    % on 1990

    Power Generation Emission Factor

    Carbon Dioxide Emissions by Sector

    Energy Transformation

    Energy transformation losses

    Residential

    Commercial and Public

    Agriculture

    Transport

    Industry

    Feedstock

    Total

    % change on 1990

    Greenhouse Gas Emissions CO2 equivalent - ESRI Estimates of CO2

    CO2

    Methane

    N2O

    Other

    Sinks

    Adjusted sinks

    Total

    percentage change on 1990

    Greenhouse Gas Emissions CO2 equivalent - ESRI Estimates of CO2, benchmarked on DOE 1998

    CO2

    Methane

    N2O

    Other

    Sinks

    Adjusted sinks

    Total

    percentage change on 1990

    DOE data 6/9/1998

    Greenhouse Gas Emissions CO2 equivalent - DOE

    CO2

    Methane

    N2O

    Other

    Net sinks

    Adjusted sinks

    Total

    percentage change on 1990

    DOE data 6/9/1998

    Greenhouse Gas Emissions, DOE

    in Gg

    CO2

    From Energy - sectoral

    From industrial processes

    Solvents

    CO2 - Gross

    Net sinks

    CO2 - Total

    Methane

    N2O

    NOx

    CO

    NMVOC

    SO2

    Other

    Ratio of DOE CO2 to ESRI

    Emission factors by fuel:

    Coal

    Oil - private transport

    Oil - public transport

    Oil - air transport: Kerosene

    Oil - Electricity

    Oil - other

    LPG

    Gas

    Gas - NET

    Peat - domestic

    Peat - electricity

    Conversion from weight to carbon equivalent:

    Methane

    N20

    TPERbyFuel

    111111

    #REF!

    #REF!

    #REF!

    #REF!

    #REF!

    #REF!

    Year

    kTOE

    Fig 1 TPER by Fuel

    TPERbySector

    2979.54890873241517.4128141733332.07061097042062.03770175252584.6001136252

    3025.2596311931621.9642917628345.18404774052157.15533806032599.3747225783

    3023.21742033341704.6028906529354.81856241672341.25496214272593.8817013506

    2972.10822902031764.0753528349359.92182321822359.14949408362639.1766299653

    3089.06745465181929.5426176863397.39239101282388.01092336062770.2166358111

    3124.23180824731903.5589630044382.11602722292500.95776987862845.0271729834

    3283.95345511162001.6165545623383.23331614882793.81444819743061.6656406141

    3242.09143027592034.691033976379.75307386253031.59660792253210.7287498177

    3426.02068993962144.1388098074405.79922792263420.07121807053350.1481027772

    3550.01968822272249.0039814511402.74684583783802.33594847383452.9833850965

    3633.14490427322364.8918260325429.68183211733979.60598784373590.268354876

    3732.53046235022477.7421435082390.40796554634148.58850110943658.2370183433

    3806.5057226342570.9529516087413.58184228194317.56942510263695.0977520889

    3868.81738986772609.3141002506407.99447153034485.12877372113736.329407915

    3909.35621358492619.694284999401.53181385594652.29607063923757.3262949504

    3950.96248828882637.3956350587417.09839559174820.67613858033785.2373875102

    3968.38005743242687.1184847578405.28728772514989.12486362233780.7195616545

    4014.84660664032756.0518929822397.2785237165157.44112878763810.53361043

    3987.48400865452767.3097943681383.39325931565325.57193321373742.5037523353

    4037.8162715712840.0689771353379.43460834325493.97147045723781.4284114898

    4066.52544523362898.4423486181376.50858985675661.91505516013812.8491545725

    4087.10012327232947.7522451509375.67433807265742.76878514843843.048396433

    4100.27426371422994.5385036553374.92891128975820.42961601513872.2609033288

    4112.28317890613034.7831326116374.24191929755899.86895089943899.3449000253

    4125.39350139363082.5516505252373.58149676535995.00810025363923.6157147608

    4139.43555601113127.1709844317372.95930717576099.35561671383945.8639158757

    Residential

    Commercial & Public

    Agricultural

    Transport

    Industry

    Year

    kTOE

    Fig2 TPER by Sector

    ElectricityDemand

    356240372397

    373260381398

    396279402420

    402285412435

    415296422452

    426309432504

    448336452541

    458360472.097619168576

    485381502.2056012557610

    520411462.3175058064650

    551435492.4618620739689

    575.1034308288469.421889930647.82420290222.5787475157721.0747171462

    599.6792190281504.93318400451.11931518322.69579531751.9196025225

    616.9309300489519.09647633350.75248716522.7411652777779.4736027538

    633.3556107766530.638094934950.45960427562.7777336062809.2139439102

    649.3442894605540.819097100252.85860566622.8097103287839.5929146328

    667.4571676245566.366959902851.95664458962.8893474137868.5150013878

    685.8399969055589.379276589451.20826771162.9597864567896.6666693029

    705.0404693709614.846876462250.38090448483.0365234512925.046622239

    723.9135538034640.074795595250.09855849543.1112788132956.0195572657

    742.9513151743661.760158436749.97287173873.1745238063987.2757375883

    757.3851723002674.798556344149.94166220123.21205163631012.4699908605

    768.0689070482687.361940391449.91428708183.24793277851036.94625735

    778.0845346579700.22569746849.89076399223.28440318731060.5167922703

    788.6828912602715.630137071949.87111082373.32775582981083.0949063022

    799.7010593903732.568091608449.85534574983.37501379781104.9178075901

    Residential

    Commercial & Public

    Agriculture

    Transport

    Industry

    Year

    kTOE

    Electricity Demand

    GeneratingFuelMix

    Electricity Fuel Mix

    19901991199219931994199519961997199819992000200120022003200420052006200720082009201020112012201320142015Change on 1990average growth:2000-20052005-20102010-2015Compound growth

    Coal492481545534554575587564574481547547547547547547547547273273273273273273273273000-1302810900000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000

    Oil1272082142112422322342994065064063693322952582211841471117437373737373700-11-300211100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000

    Gas3383243174234294815876155996377568179451033103211191166126116321732180918601906195119982046Residual0810239697100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000

    Peat150155159141149146144140131136124188188188188188241241241241241241241241241241Efficiency of conversion on old plant is at average 1998. On new plant it is 37%095069800000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000

    Ren & Hydro6064686480626984116112114124134146158171186201219237274280285290296302Set at 10% of all electricity by 2010, otherwise interpolatd081026101000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000

    Total Electricity Generated11671232130413741453149516211702182618721947204421462209218222462323239824752556263426902742279228442898Historically the sum of electricity generated by fuel, in forecast indexed to actual el. Generated033210010010000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000

    GeneratingFuelMix

    00338.499060

    00324.23064

    00317.428068

    00423.417064

    00429.191080

    00480.946062

    00586.757069

    00614.94084

    00599.420116

    00636.870112

    00756.160114

    00816.55299685280123.6592010962

    00944.6781695940134.1368246996

    001033.44236799390145.5022156134

    001031.68272057630157.8305942148

    001118.79726481960171.2035542907

    001165.90374260110185.7096030563

    001261.31457507310201.4447469284

    001632.48137882240218.5131269315

    001731.5767537460237.027707942

    001809.03242085640274.0030886601

    001859.8960036870279.9094383571

    001905.9883659920285.2617473173

    001950.85529326860290.4717570646

    001997.79039722480295.9219263528

    002045.88998696010301.5073173427

    Coal

    Oil

    Gas

    Peat

    Ren & Hydro

    Year

    kTOE

    Fuel-mix used in electricity generation

    ElecDemandChart

    356240372397

    373260381398

    396279402420

    402285412435

    415296422452

    426309432504

    448336452541

    458360472.097619168576

    485381502.2056012557610

    520411462.3175058064650

    551435492.4618620739689

    575.1034308288469.421889930647.82420290222.5787475157721.0747171462

    599.6792190281504.93318400451.11931518322.69579531751.9196025225

    616.9309300489519.09647633350.75248716522.7411652777779.4736027538

    633.3556107766530.638094934950.45960427562.7777336062809.2139439102

    649.3442894605540.819097100252.85860566622.8097103287839.5929146328

    667.4571676245566.366959902851.95664458962.8893474137868.5150013878

    685.8399969055589.379276589451.20826771162.9597864567896.6666693029

    705.0404693709614.846876462250.38090448483.0365234512925.046622239

    723.9135538034640.074795595250.09855849543.1112788132956.0195572657

    742.9513151743661.760158436749.97287173873.1745238063987.2757375883

    757.3851723002674.798556344149.94166220123.21205163631012.4699908605

    768.0689070482687.361940391449.91428708183.24793277851036.94625735

    778.0845346579700.22569746849.89076399223.28440318731060.5167922703

    788.6828912602715.630137071949.87111082373.32775582981083.0949063022

    799.7010593903732.568091608449.85534574983.37501379781104.9178075901

    Residential

    Commercial & Public

    Agriculture

    Transport

    Industry

    Year

    kTOE

    Fig 5 Electricity Demand by Sector

    ElectrictyDemand

    Electricity Demand, TFC, ktoeAverage Growth Rates:

    19901991199219931994199519961997199819992000200120022003200420052006200720082009201020112012201320142015Change on 1990average growth:2000-20052005-20102010-2015Compound growth

    Residential356373396402415426448458485520551575600617633649667686705724743757768778789800108.7%indexed to consumption modified be elasticity shown below3.32.71.51.0303407481.6222

    Commercial & Public240260279285296309336360381411435469505519531541566589615640662675687700716733175.7%Indexed to C with elasticity shown below

    Agriculture373840414243454750464948515150535251505050505050505035.1%Forecast as 16% of total

    Transport2122222222233333333333333358.7%Elasticity wrt C .66Check

    Industry397398420435452504541576610650689721752779809840869897925956987101210371061108311051.48684065Elasticity wrt OI .57

    Total10321070113711651207128413721443152816291726181619101969202620852157222622982373244524982546259226412690

    TFCbyFuel

    8933726148575.87014925377571032109

    8743862153643.84179104486501070111

    6674115146676.8119402985659113798

    5734149147710.77313432846261165103

    4344546153711.7477611946231207127

    3804609148738.74029850756151284129

    59249201408144991372140

    5445180.9023808321438654731443.097619168139

    5105703.79439874441449614691528.2056012556139

    4876340.682494193614810393281629.3175058064135

    5286562.636738689154.901399237212063031726.4618620739135

    422.18087853956838.8405925851153.55706216631258.8442593084294.21272727271816.0029883235133.355

    373.99012744167108.1414317753152.24084730641308.2567901216285.42635454551910.3471160479132.719675

    338.27446964667322.3423341573150.9540104551375.3111419159276.64086831821968.9946615786132.093879875

    309.74780805157541.434433936149.69070430431429.3072633299267.85625529342026.4449875036131.4774716769

    285.52774660677601.5431661261148.44668233591656.9125423816259.07250237312085.4246171884130.8703096017

    265.4336852397790.9289945879147.2192560081719.1788984731250.28959665572157.185120918413