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ENGINEERED FOR PERFORMANCE, OPTIMIZED FOR EFFICIENCYParticulate scrubbers are simple in concept, but rely on technical expertise in their design to function optimally. Over 100 years of combined experience in the design, engineering, and supply of custom scrubber systems enable us to select the solution that best fits your requirements.
Performance That’s Guaranteed Our advanced performance prediction models are used to accurately determine what is required to meet your specific emission limitations and enable us with complete confidence to guarantee the efficiency of our scrubbers over a specified range of process conditions. Additionally, our understanding of the intricacies of scrubber design means we can ensure that capital and operating costs are minimized without sacrificing the quality or performance you expect.
Custom Engineered for YouAlmost every scrubber system is designed one at a time. Does it make sense to pay for custom work without getting a ‘custom’ level of integration and performance? Our team has the knowledge and experience to ensure that the right scrubber is selected at the optimum balance of features, performance and cost.
Industries Served Petrochemical Chemical Processing
Wood Products Mining & Ore Processing
Power Genera9on Food Products
Pharmaceu9cal Waste Incinera9on
Cement & Rock Products Fer9lizers
Steel Gasifica9on
Pulp & Paper Wastewater Treatment
Polysilicon Biomass
Ac9vated Carbon Pneuma9c Conveying
Drying & Cooling Processes Bulk Material Handling
Industrial Ven9la9on Calcining & Roas9ng
Particulate Scrubbers
Phone: 812-280-1854www.heumannenviro.com
Phone: 812-280-1854www.heumannenviro.com
Available Options• Gasinletforverticalorhorizontalductlayouts
• Inletquenchforhightemperatureprocesses
• Specializeddesigntohandlehighdissolvedsolidconcentrations
• Skidmounting
• Constructionoptionsincludingcarbonsteel,stainless,nickelalloy,orFRP(FiberglassReinforcedPlastic)
• Recirculationtanks(externalorintegral)
• ASMECodestampforhighpressuredesign
• Multiplewaterinjectionandthroatdesigns
• Venturidamperoperators(manualorautomatic)toaccommodatevaryinggasflows
• Turn-keysystems(includingpiping,fans,tanks,instrumentation,pumps,stackandcontrols)
• Dualpurposegasabsorptionandparticulatecollection
• Performanceguarantee(includingwarranty)
How Particulate Scrubbers WorkTheprimaryfunctionofascrubberistocausedustparticlestoattachtoliquiddropletsorfilm,andthenremovetheliquidcontainingtheparticulatefromthegasstream.
Whilemanyparticleswill grow inmassbyabsorptionofwater, themost significantmechanism forparticlegrowthiscontactbetweendustparticlesandwaterdropletsoraliquidfilm.Thiscontactoccursbythefollowingbasicmechanisms:
1. Inertial Impaction (Fig 1a)-Thisistheprimarymechanismthatwetscrubbersforparticulateremovalusingventurisandother“power-contactingtheory”devicesutilize.Inertialimpactionoccurswhenthereisrelativevelocitybetweenobjects.Asafasterparticleentrainedinthegasflowtriestogoaroundaslowerorstationaryobject(e.g.waterdroplet),itmaybreakoutoftheflowstreamduetoitsinertiaandimpacttheslowerobject.Thisisinertialimpaction.
2. Interception (Fig 1b)-Iftheinertiaofthefasterparticleisnotgreatenoughtodirectlyimpactituponthesloweroneitstillmaycontactitiftheflowstreamthattheparticleistravelingwithinpassescloseenoughtotheslowerparticle.ThisisInterception.
3. Diffusion (Fig. 1c)-LargelyaneffectofBrownianmotionofverysmallparticles(lessthan.3micronwithSG=1),thismechanismprovideshighercollectionthanwouldotherwisebeexpectedduetotheInertialImpactionandInterception.Diffusioncausestheseverysmallparticlestocontactlargerwaterdroplets.
4. Condensation-Whencondensationoccurs, itfirstdoessousinganyavailabledustparticlesasnucleiofcondensation.Although,notexactlya“contacting”method,Condensationcanbeusedtoformwaterdropletsaroundthedustparticles.Whiledropletsformedbycondensationarerelativelysmall, theyarelargerthantheparticlesthatformtheirnucleus.
InertiaTherearetwoprimarymethodsforcontactingliquiddropletswithparticles.Thefirst method uses a device that takes advantage of inertial impaction. Thesedevicesaretypicallyspraytowersorchambers,wetcyclones,orventuris(inorderof increasingeffectiveness).All of thesedevicesutilizeaccelerationof theflowstream tocause inertial impactionand follow thepower-contacting theory.Thepower-contactingtheoryinsimpletermsstatesthattheamountofpowerutilizedincontactingtheparticlesisproportionaltothecontactefficiency.
In(Figure2)weshowadiagramofaconventionalventuricontactingdevice.Inthecontractionportionofthedevice,thegasanddropletmixtureaccelerateasthecrosssectionalareaisreduced.Inthissectionthefinedustparticlesacceleratemorerapidlythanthelargerwaterdropletscreatingarelativevelocitybetweenthetwo.Inthethroatsection,thetheparticlesandliquiddropletsarefurthermixedandallowedtoreachamaximumvelocity.Intheexpansionordivergencesection,thelargerparticlesremainatahighvelocitywhilethesmallun-collecteddustparticlesslowwiththegasflowasthecrosssectionalareaincreases.
InterceptionThesecondmethodforscrubbingparticulateusesinterceptionasthemechanismbypassingtheparticleladengaspassthroughastructureormediathatiswettedwiththescrubbingliquid.Whilenotascommonasventuriandwetwallcyclones,these devices can be particularly effective for the high efficiency collection ofsolubleparticulatewith lowpowerconsumption. (Figure3) showsacrossflowInterceptorSeriesScrubber.Whenutilizinginterceptionastheprimarymechanismfor scrubbing, the amount of surface area of liquid film, as well as the gaspath,affects thecollectionefficiency.Collectionefficiencycanbe increasedbyincreasingthenumberofinterceptionsitesand/orthesurfaceareaofliquidfilmavailableforcontact.
Interceptiondevicesarerarelyutilizedforinsolubleparticulateduetotheprobabilityofpluggingorfoulingwithinthemedia.
Impactor SeriesUtilizinginertialimpaction,theImpactorSeriesofHECScrubbersincludeourfixedandadjustableinletventuriscrubbersandcyclonicseparators.
Features:
1. BlindInjection:Problemsoftenoccurinscrubbersatthepointatwhichtheparticleladengasstreamcomesincontactwithwetsurfaces.Thisiscalledthewet/dryzone. Inthisarea,solidsmaybuildupbecausetheyaredampandstickybutthereisnotenoughliquidflowtowashthemaway.HEC’s“blindinjection”virtuallyeliminatesthewet/dryzoneandpreventssolidsbuildup.
2. InjectionTubes:Watermaybeintroducedintoascrubberinanumberofways.Conventionalspraynozzlestypicallyprovidetheeasiestandleastexpensivemethodof liquiddistributionbutoftenresult inmaintenanceproblemsduetonozzleplugginganderosion.UtilizingHEC’suniqueunderstandingofhowdropletsaregeneratedourengineersareabletoprovidelowpressureliquidinjectionutilizingsimpleinjectiontubes(orpipe)withoutanylossincollectionefficiency.Byutilizinglowpressureinjectiontubesweachievethefollowingbenefits:
• Reducedpumppressurewhichmeanslowerpumpcost,lesspumphorsepower,andmorereliablepumpoperation.
• No nozzles to plug or erode away. One of the most commoncausesofalossofcollectionefficiencyinscrubbersispoorliquiddistributiontothecontactorasaresultofnozzlepluggageornozzleerosion.HECeliminatesthisproblemwithitsinjectiontubeoption.
• Higher solids recirculationmeans lower bleed rates and reducedoperating costs. By using low pressure, large diameter injectiontubes,wecanrunourliquidrecirculationsystemsathighersolidsconcentrationsthanourcompetitors.Thismeansmoreconcentratedandlessliquidvolumeforsecondarywastetreatment.
3. Enhanced Cyclonic Separator design: HEC cyclonic separators provide thelowestliquidcarryover,oftenexceeding99.99%dropletremoval.
© Copyright 2012.
Some of the common process reasons for using scrubbers for particulate separation are:• Scrubbersaresimpletobuildandoperate.Theycanbeengineeredeasilyforverysevereand/orvariableoperatingconditions.
• Themostefficientwaytocoolhightemperatureprocessgasesfortreatmentisbyquenchingwithwater.Oncethisisdone,scrubbingwithwaterforparticulateremovalisoftenthemosteconomicalandoperablemethodforparticulateseparation.
• Wetscrubbersmaybemorecompactthanotherdrydevices.• Gaseousandparticulatecontaminantsmaybecollectedinthesamedevice.• Wetscrubbingmaybethesafestwayofhandlingpotentiallyexplosive,pyrophoric,orcombustibledusts.
• Wetscrubberscanoperatereliablyonstickyand/orhighlyhygroscopicmaterials.
Figure 2
Figure 3
Interceptor SeriesUtilizinginterception,HEC’sInterceptorSeriescrossflowscrubbersprovidesuperiorcollectionofsolubleparticulateatlowpowerconsumptionwithoneormorestagesofKimre®mediaarrangedperpendiculartothegasflow.
Features:
1. Highefficiencydowntosub-micronparticlessizes.
2. Lowpressuredrop.
3. Openstructurereducesmaintenance.
4. Durable media provide long life and lowoperatingcosts.
Phone: 812-280-1854www.heumannenviro.com
Phone: 812-280-1854www.heumannenviro.com
How Particulate Scrubbers WorkTheprimaryfunctionofascrubberistocausedustparticlestoattachtoliquiddropletsorfilm,andthenremovetheliquidcontainingtheparticulatefromthegasstream.
Whilemanyparticleswill grow inmassbyabsorptionofwater, themost significantmechanism forparticlegrowthiscontactbetweendustparticlesandwaterdropletsoraliquidfilm.Thiscontactoccursbythefollowingbasicmechanisms:
1. Inertial Impaction (Fig 1a)-Thisistheprimarymechanismthatwetscrubbersforparticulateremovalusingventurisandother“power-contactingtheory”devicesutilize.Inertialimpactionoccurswhenthereisrelativevelocitybetweenobjects.Asafasterparticleentrainedinthegasflowtriestogoaroundaslowerorstationaryobject(e.g.waterdroplet),itmaybreakoutoftheflowstreamduetoitsinertiaandimpacttheslowerobject.Thisisinertialimpaction.
2. Interception (Fig 1b)-Iftheinertiaofthefasterparticleisnotgreatenoughtodirectlyimpactituponthesloweroneitstillmaycontactitiftheflowstreamthattheparticleistravelingwithinpassescloseenoughtotheslowerparticle.ThisisInterception.
3. Diffusion (Fig. 1c)-LargelyaneffectofBrownianmotionofverysmallparticles(lessthan.3micronwithSG=1),thismechanismprovideshighercollectionthanwouldotherwisebeexpectedduetotheInertialImpactionandInterception.Diffusioncausestheseverysmallparticlestocontactlargerwaterdroplets.
4. Condensation-Whencondensationoccurs, itfirstdoessousinganyavailabledustparticlesasnucleiofcondensation.Although,notexactlya“contacting”method,Condensationcanbeusedtoformwaterdropletsaroundthedustparticles.Whiledropletsformedbycondensationarerelativelysmall, theyarelargerthantheparticlesthatformtheirnucleus.
InertiaTherearetwoprimarymethodsforcontactingliquiddropletswithparticles.Thefirst method uses a device that takes advantage of inertial impaction. Thesedevicesaretypicallyspraytowersorchambers,wetcyclones,orventuris(inorderof increasingeffectiveness).All of thesedevicesutilizeaccelerationof theflowstream tocause inertial impactionand follow thepower-contacting theory.Thepower-contactingtheoryinsimpletermsstatesthattheamountofpowerutilizedincontactingtheparticlesisproportionaltothecontactefficiency.
In(Figure2)weshowadiagramofaconventionalventuricontactingdevice.Inthecontractionportionofthedevice,thegasanddropletmixtureaccelerateasthecrosssectionalareaisreduced.Inthissectionthefinedustparticlesacceleratemorerapidlythanthelargerwaterdropletscreatingarelativevelocitybetweenthetwo.Inthethroatsection,thetheparticlesandliquiddropletsarefurthermixedandallowedtoreachamaximumvelocity.Intheexpansionordivergencesection,thelargerparticlesremainatahighvelocitywhilethesmallun-collecteddustparticlesslowwiththegasflowasthecrosssectionalareaincreases.
InterceptionThesecondmethodforscrubbingparticulateusesinterceptionasthemechanismbypassingtheparticleladengaspassthroughastructureormediathatiswettedwiththescrubbingliquid.Whilenotascommonasventuriandwetwallcyclones,these devices can be particularly effective for the high efficiency collection ofsolubleparticulatewith lowpowerconsumption. (Figure3) showsacrossflowInterceptorSeriesScrubber.Whenutilizinginterceptionastheprimarymechanismfor scrubbing, the amount of surface area of liquid film, as well as the gaspath,affects thecollectionefficiency.Collectionefficiencycanbe increasedbyincreasingthenumberofinterceptionsitesand/orthesurfaceareaofliquidfilmavailableforcontact.
Interceptiondevicesarerarelyutilizedforinsolubleparticulateduetotheprobabilityofpluggingorfoulingwithinthemedia.
Impactor SeriesUtilizinginertialimpaction,theImpactorSeriesofHECScrubbersincludeourfixedandadjustableinletventuriscrubbersandcyclonicseparators.
Features:
1. BlindInjection:Problemsoftenoccurinscrubbersatthepointatwhichtheparticleladengasstreamcomesincontactwithwetsurfaces.Thisiscalledthewet/dryzone. Inthisarea,solidsmaybuildupbecausetheyaredampandstickybutthereisnotenoughliquidflowtowashthemaway.HEC’s“blindinjection”virtuallyeliminatesthewet/dryzoneandpreventssolidsbuildup.
2. InjectionTubes:Watermaybeintroducedintoascrubberinanumberofways.Conventionalspraynozzlestypicallyprovidetheeasiestandleastexpensivemethodof liquiddistributionbutoftenresult inmaintenanceproblemsduetonozzleplugginganderosion.UtilizingHEC’suniqueunderstandingofhowdropletsaregeneratedourengineersareabletoprovidelowpressureliquidinjectionutilizingsimpleinjectiontubes(orpipe)withoutanylossincollectionefficiency.Byutilizinglowpressureinjectiontubesweachievethefollowingbenefits:
• Reducedpumppressurewhichmeanslowerpumpcost,lesspumphorsepower,andmorereliablepumpoperation.
• No nozzles to plug or erode away. One of the most commoncausesofalossofcollectionefficiencyinscrubbersispoorliquiddistributiontothecontactorasaresultofnozzlepluggageornozzleerosion.HECeliminatesthisproblemwithitsinjectiontubeoption.
• Higher solids recirculationmeans lower bleed rates and reducedoperating costs. By using low pressure, large diameter injectiontubes,wecanrunourliquidrecirculationsystemsathighersolidsconcentrationsthanourcompetitors.Thismeansmoreconcentratedandlessliquidvolumeforsecondarywastetreatment.
3. Enhanced Cyclonic Separator design: HEC cyclonic separators provide thelowestliquidcarryover,oftenexceeding99.99%dropletremoval.
© Copyright 2012.
Some of the common process reasons for using scrubbers for particulate separation are:• Scrubbersaresimpletobuildandoperate.Theycanbeengineeredeasilyforverysevereand/orvariableoperatingconditions.
• Themostefficientwaytocoolhightemperatureprocessgasesfortreatmentisbyquenchingwithwater.Oncethisisdone,scrubbingwithwaterforparticulateremovalisoftenthemosteconomicalandoperablemethodforparticulateseparation.
• Wetscrubbersmaybemorecompactthanotherdrydevices.• Gaseousandparticulatecontaminantsmaybecollectedinthesamedevice.• Wetscrubbingmaybethesafestwayofhandlingpotentiallyexplosive,pyrophoric,orcombustibledusts.
• Wetscrubberscanoperatereliablyonstickyand/orhighlyhygroscopicmaterials.
Figure 2
Figure 3
Interceptor SeriesUtilizinginterception,HEC’sInterceptorSeriescrossflowscrubbersprovidesuperiorcollectionofsolubleparticulateatlowpowerconsumptionwithoneormorestagesofKimre®mediaarrangedperpendiculartothegasflow.
Features:
1. Highefficiencydowntosub-micronparticlessizes.
2. Lowpressuredrop.
3. Openstructurereducesmaintenance.
4. Durable media provide long life and lowoperatingcosts.
Phone: 812-280-1854www.heumannenviro.com
Phone: 812-280-1854www.heumannenviro.com
ENGINEERED FOR PERFORMANCE, OPTIMIZED FOR EFFICIENCYParticulate scrubbers are simple in concept, but rely on technical expertise in their design to function optimally. Over 100 years of combined experience in the design, engineering, and supply of custom scrubber systems enable us to select the solution that best fits your requirements.
Performance That’s Guaranteed Our advanced performance prediction models are used to accurately determine what is required to meet your specific emission limitations and enable us with complete confidence to guarantee the efficiency of our scrubbers over a specified range of process conditions. Additionally, our understanding of the intricacies of scrubber design means we can ensure that capital and operating costs are minimized without sacrificing the quality or performance you expect.
Custom Engineered for YouAlmost every scrubber system is designed one at a time. Does it make sense to pay for custom work without getting a ‘custom’ level of integration and performance? Our team has the knowledge and experience to ensure that the right scrubber is selected at the optimum balance of features, performance and cost.
Industries Served Petrochemical Chemical Processing
Wood Products Mining & Ore Processing
Power Genera9on Food Products
Pharmaceu9cal Waste Incinera9on
Cement & Rock Products Fer9lizers
Steel Gasifica9on
Pulp & Paper Wastewater Treatment
Polysilicon Biomass
Ac9vated Carbon Pneuma9c Conveying
Drying & Cooling Processes Bulk Material Handling
Industrial Ven9la9on Calcining & Roas9ng
Particulate Scrubbers
Phone: 812-280-1854www.heumannenviro.com
Phone: 812-280-1854www.heumannenviro.com
Available Options• Gasinletforverticalorhorizontalductlayouts
• Inletquenchforhightemperatureprocesses
• Specializeddesigntohandlehighdissolvedsolidconcentrations
• Skidmounting
• Constructionoptionsincludingcarbonsteel,stainless,nickelalloy,orFRP(FiberglassReinforcedPlastic)
• Recirculationtanks(externalorintegral)
• ASMECodestampforhighpressuredesign
• Multiplewaterinjectionandthroatdesigns
• Venturidamperoperators(manualorautomatic)toaccommodatevaryinggasflows
• Turn-keysystems(includingpiping,fans,tanks,instrumentation,pumps,stackandcontrols)
• Dualpurposegasabsorptionandparticulatecollection
• Performanceguarantee(includingwarranty)
