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Atomic Structure and Periodic TableSierra LarsenKarsen DeJarnettBriauna Jones

+Find the number valence electrons in an elements based on its location on the periodic table. The number of the group it is in, skipping the transition

metals.

+Find the electron arrangement for an element based on its location on the period table. Use the Afbau Diagram

Sub-Level Orbital Max # of Electrons

s 1 2

p 3 6

d 5 10

f 7 14

+Define the terms atomic number (A), mass number (Z), and isotope. Atomic Number: Number on the periodic table and the

amount of protons and electrons

Mass Number: Weight on the periodic table

Isotope: Atoms of an element with the same atomic number (protons) and different mass number (neutrons).

+State the relative masses and charges of the subatomic particles. See Below

Charge Mass Number

Protons + 1 amu Atomic #

Neutrons n 1 amu Atomic # - Neutrons

Electrons - none Atomic #

+Calculate the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in an isotope and/or ion. Isotope:

Has the different number of neutrons.

Ion: Protons = atomic number Electrons = atomic number – charge Neutrons = mass number – atomic number

+Write isotope symbols given mass number.

Example: 12

6C

136C

146C

+Calculate average atomic masses and isotope abundance from given data. Multiply the isotopes atomic mass by percent

abundance (decimal form) and add all products together.

+Discuss the uses of radioisotopes.

Radioisotopes are naturally or artificially produced radioactive isotopes of an element.

14Carbon is used in carbon-dating

Radioisotopes also are used for Medicinal Industrial Nuclear Energy Fire alarms

+Describe the electromagnetic spectrum.

In the data booklet, but short waves are MORE dangerous than long waves.

+Distinguish between continuous and line spectra.

Continuous spectra is the rainbow effect you see when white light passes through a prism, visible light wave lengths from 300-700.

Line spectra are the colors emitted from a substance.

+Explain how emission lines are related to electron energy levels. When electrons make the transition from high energy

to low energy, photons are released.

+Describe and explain the operation of a mass spectrometer. Measure exact masses of atoms

Measure the masses of the breakdown products from molecules when they are smashed to pieces by high energy electrons – fragmentation pattern.

+Describe how a mass spec can be used to determine relative atomic mass 12C. Weighted average of isotopes of the element / 1/12 x

the mass of of atom of carbon – 12