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Inquiry 1: A New Vision of Humanity
Italian Renaissance
Artistic Renewal Inspired by Greece and Rome Beauty of the human body Secular (non-religious) Perspective (give dimension to
painting) Sfumato (hazy effect)
Humanist Thought
Human beings as the central concern, not God
Started to question the meaning of life Doubt Freedom of thought Need to know – observations Tolerance Progress of science
Christendom
Roman Catholic Birth of Protestantism
Lutheran (Martin Luther) Calvinism (John Calvin) Anglican (King Henry VIII)
Council of Trent
Bishops and priests supervise parish priests
Colleges to educate priests Official version of Bible in Latin
All done by Pope in hopes of reuniting Christians (note: this didn’t work)
Japanese Society
Shogun Mikado Daimios Samurai
after masters death they did a ritual suicide
Peasants, artisans, and merchants
Japanese Art
Landscaping Architecture Painting Theatre (Noh)
Terms
SecularPatronTheologianClergyReform
IndulgencePolytheistExcommunicate
Annulheretic
Inquiry 2: European Expansion in the World
Motives to explore the world
Economic Motives GOLD
▪ Spices, silk, minerals, etc. Political Motives
GLORY▪ More land
Religious Motives GOD
▪ Spread Christianity
Navigation Tools
Ships Caravel, Cog, Carrack
Astrolabe Compass Portolan
Triangular Trade Route
Mother Country African Colony Cloth, metal, firearms
African Colony New World Slaves
New World Mother Country Metal, cocoa, corn, fur, tobacco, cotton,
fish, sugar
Effects of Colonization on Conquered People
Epidemics Massacres Forces labour Economic dependence Cultural loss
Explorers
Christopher Columbus Vasco da Gama John Cabot Ferdinand Magellan Jacques Cartier Samuel de Champlain Marco Polo
Terms
Indigenous People
MiddlemenMonarchPaganEmpire
ColonyMother Country
BarterConquistadorMissionary
Inquiry 4: IndustrializationAn economic and social revolution
Advances in Agriculture
Crop Rotation Manure as fertilizer Higher quality seed Plough improvement Thresher driven by water wheel
Inventions
Spinning wheel Spinning Mule Steam engine (James Watt) Railway
Coal and iron
From cottage to factory
COTTAGE Slow
production Small quantity High cost High quality
FACTORY Fast production Large quantity Low cost Low quality
Working class vs. Bourgeois Working Class
Lived close to factory Small, crammed, dirty
houses (epidemics) High rent, many people Poor ventilation Children worked, no
school Wages:
▪ Men = full▪ Women = ½▪ Children = ¼
Bourgeois Factory owners Spacious living area Comfortable houses
with servants Children went to
school
Social Classes
Industrial bourgeoisie Entrepreneurs, bankers
Petty bourgeoisie Lawyers, doctors, civil servants
Working class Factory workers
Child Labour
Small hands to get into machines Whipped if not on task Many died young due to exhaustion Permanently stunted due to heavy
labour
Trade Union
Higher wages Reduced working hours Right to strike Socialism = for the government and
factory owner Liberalism = for the workers rights
Persuaded government to pass labour laws
U.S.A.
Steamship Telephone (Alexander Graham Bell) Electric light bulb (Thomas Edison) Airplane (Wright brothers) Gas (Rockefeller) Order of the Knights of Labor
Labour movement
Germany
Ruhr Valley Krupp company
Iron and steel plants to make weapons
TermsIndustrializationIronmongerEntrepreneurCapital ($$$)UrbanizationSocial classMonopoly
Inquiry 5: Imperialism and Colonization
End of slave TRADE
1807-1818
End of SLAVERY
1833 - 1865
Colonization
Economic Motive Needed raw material New markets and companies to invest in
Political Motive Increase land ownership
▪ “Scramble for Africa” – to claim land for Mother Country
Social Motive Get rid of excess population
▪ Moved poorer people to move to the new colony
Raw Materials
Minerals Gold, diamonds, copper, etc.
IvoryWoodRubber
Berlin Conference
Practice free trade
Slaves prohibited
Importing weapons to Africa prohibited
Country must occupy colony to claim the region
Effects on Africa
Racial discrimination
Economic exploitation
Cultural loss
Forced Labour If resisted, they were killed
Battle over land
Europeans fighting amongst themselves for land rights
Partly the cause of WWI
Terms
NationalismHydrographyPactAllies
Inquiry 6: Winning of Civil Rights and Freedoms
Great Depression
Economic crisis Abandoned free trade High unemployment rate
Treaty of Versailles
Germany Had to abolish military No right to rearm Give up territory and colonies in Europe
WWII
Hitler voted to change German government from democracy to authoritarian regime Went against the Treaty of Versailles
United Nations
UN created after WWII to prevent another war Foster peace Respect of human rights Improve living conditions for all Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Decolonization
India (Mohandas Gandhi)Africa (Habib Bourguiba)
How to balance old life and new life▪ Language▪ Culture▪ Religion
Civil Rights - USA
Life for blacks after abolition of slavery Martin Luther King Rosa Parks KKK (Ku Klux Klan) Poorer conditions High unemployment rate Ban from areas (segregation) Racism
Civil rights act to recognize blacks and whites as equals To stop segregation
South Africa
Apartheid System Population Registration Act
▪ Classify as a racial group
Group Area Act▪ Non-whites excluded from areas
Nelson Mandela and Frederik De Klerk▪ Proved that black and white can work
together
Feminist Movement
Right to vote Canada – 1917 Quebec – 1940 Marches, vandalized male areas (golf),
disturbed political meetings, etc.
Childrearing and housekeeping
Wanted higher education
Wanted jobs
Adolf Hitler (Anti-semitism) Nuremberg Laws
Jews stripped of German Citizenship No political rights Jews and non-Jews couldn’t marry Property confiscated Had to identify by yellow star
Holocaust Genocide Anne Frank
Terms
Civil RightsProtectionism
CharterMandateBoycottRepression
DissidenceSegregationApartheidPropagandaGenocideIndochina
Inquiry 7: GlobalizationA social phenomenon of the present
Globalization
Common currency International organization and
business
Labour
Multinational Free Trade
Globalization on Poor Countries
Debt Lack of investment Difficulty for agricultural countries
Affect on...
Health Spread of disease pollution
Culture Internet
▪ Advantages and disadvantages TV, music, books, film, etc.
▪ Americanized Politics
NAFTA G8 UN