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Answer the following questions:
What types of government might have been formed in the early years of colonization?
Why would the settlers feel the need for government?
Warm Up
Magna CartaMagna CartaThe Mayflower CompactThe Mayflower Compact
The Virginia House of BurgessesThe Virginia House of BurgessesFundamental Orders of ConnecticutFundamental Orders of Connecticut
Declaration of Rights, 1689Declaration of Rights, 1689
The Signing of the Magna Carta, 1215
King John, an English King constantly
demanded money and men for wars from his feudal barons.
The feudal barons in 1215 forced King John agrees that he had “no right” to demand their property without their consent. Their consent was to be agreed upon in a grand council.
King must now get consent of the people
The Magna Carta, 1215
Two important aspects of the Magna Carta:
there must be a set of laws governing (precedents) how the King and his subjects will deal with each other.
the King is not the highest authority and that he is bound by a higher law that limits his authority.
The Magna Carta
Roanoke Island (Lost Colony)
Sir Walter Raleigh asked Queen Elizabeth of England if he could lead a group of people to begin a colony in the USA.
Queen Elizabeth gave Raleigh a charter (a document that allowed colonists to live on land owned by their country.)
Picture Credit: http://www.huvard.com/becka/raleigh/welcome.html
Roanoke Island (1st Time)
In 1585, the first English people tried to begin a colony.
This became the 1st English colony in the USA.
It failed due to hunger and bad relations with the Native Americans.
All but 15 men went back to England on a ship.
Roanoke Island (2nd Time)In 1587, Raleigh sent
colonists a second time.The 15 men that had
stayed behind the 1st time had been killed by then.
John White was the colony’s governor.
This time, the colonist brought their wives and children.
John White’s granddaughter, Virginia Dare was born 1 month after they arrived in the USA on August 18 the first English baby born in the USA.
Picture Credit:
http://search.eb.com/women/articles/Dare_Virginia.html
Spanish Armada In 1588, King Philip
II decided to attack England.
The English defeated the all powerful Spanish Armada because they had quicker ships and a violent storm helped destroy the Spanish ships. Picture Credit:
http://www.nmm.ac.uk/adventure/games/armada/page2.htm#
The Lost Colony John White
returned in August 1590 to find no colonists on Roanoke Island.
On one of the trees was written CROATOAN.
Croatoan was the name of an island nearby as well as the name of the Native Americans living in the area.
Picture Credit:
http://www.outer-banks.com/lost.cfm
Jamestown Colony In 1606, King
James I gave permission to the Virginia Company of London to try a colony.
Christopher Newport led the three ships, Susan Constant, Godspeed and Discovery to Jamestown.
DiscoveryGodspeed
Susan Constant
Picture Credit:
http://www.bchs.k12.va.us/Technology%20Class/powerpoint/jamestown.ppt
JamestownOn May 14, 1607,
the settlers began building the first English permanent settlement on the James River in Virginia.
Jamestown was named after the King James I and Virginia was named after the Virgin Queen of England.
Click Here to see a Virtual tour of Jamestown
Picture Credit: www.cbc.cc.tx.us/acdem/social/hist1301/Hist1301-2anarr.ppt
Not educated in how to plant food in
Virginia. Little knowledge of Virginia
landscape. Not enough people in the
Jamestown settlement especially hard working people.
Native American Battles
Reasons for Jamestown Difficulties
Powhatan Native Americans
The Powhatan Native Americans were in control of almost all of Virginia (Eastern Woodland Area).
Most of the Powhatan farmed, hunted and fished.
They lived in yehakin lodges built by the women.
John Smith John Smith was
the leader of the colony.
He was saved by Pocahontas, a Powhatan Native American.
Smith was a hard leader but his leadership is what kept the colony alive.
Picture Credit: http://www.apva.org/history/jsmith.html
John Rolfe John Rolfe in 1614
found a way to harvest tobacco.
This quickly became the cash crop of Virginia.
He also married Pocahontas in 1614 and thus created peace with the Powhatan Native Americans for 8 years.
Picture Credit: http://www.geocities.com/apembert45/FamAmer/Pocahontas.html
Virginia House of Burgesses, 1619
1619 the first elected representative
government appears in Virginia. House of Burgesses imposed taxes and
ran the colony It is modeled after the English
Parliament. English Parliament was England’s
lawmaking elected government.
Virginia House of Burgesses
Plymouth Colony The King of England,
Henry VIII rebelled against the Roman Catholic Church and started his own Church called the Church of England.
These people became known as Protestants.
In 1620, Pilgrims decided to take the Mayflower and settle in the USA.
Pilgrims at PlymouthWilliam Bradford was
the leader of the colony.
Before landing, they wrote an agreement called the Mayflower Compact. This was the first English legal agreement in the USA.
They settled in Cape Cod/New England.
Picture Credit:
http://www.kirtland.cc.mi.us/honors/amlit/alcolonial.htm
Signing of the Mayflower Compact
1620, Pilgrims arriving near the New
England Coast agree to write a contract that allows for self-government.
The Mayflower Compact promised that every adult male would vote for the Governor and his advisors on a yearly basis.
It supports the idea of majority rule.
Mayflower Compact, 1620
Native Americans of New England
The Native Americans had a sachem or leader.
Massasoit was the leader of the Wampanoag.
Squanto and Samoset helped the Pilgrims survive the first hard years.
Thanksgiving October 1621, The
Pilgrims invited the Native Americans to a 3 day feast to thank them for helping them make it through a difficult year.
The first national Thanksgiving was in 1777 for the 13 colonies.
George Washington proclaimed a National Day of Thanksgiving in 1789.
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut, 1639
First written constitution in North
America. It was the work of a Puritan clergyman, Thomas Hooker.
It was a outline for self-government of the colony. The well being of the community came before the individual.
Adult males elected a governor, assistants, and a legislative assembly to make laws for the community.
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut, 1639
Colonial governments like the House of
Burgesses elect their own representatives
Representatives impose taxes, fines and managed colonial affairs
Colonists believe they are Englishmen and should have a say in their government
Colonists are used to running their governments on their own, the English have let the colonies get used to this
Colonial Government
James II “Divine Rights” belief
that the king was God’s choice to rule on earth
A monarch has absolute power over his nation
A monarch appoints government officials who answer to him not the people
A monarch passed laws without the peoples consent or input
The Glorious Revolution
Glorious because no one died in battle and Revolution because the English overthrow the last Catholic monarch
Parliament takes away many powers from the monarchy
Monarchs William of Orange and Mary agree to give Parliament more power
Ships from Europe to colonies had to stop in
England. Trade between colonies and Britain had to be
on British ships. Key products could only be sold to England. Colonists hated Navigation Acts – turned to
smuggling
Navigation Acts (1651)
Monarchs William of Orange and Mary
agree to give Parliament and people have more power under Bills of rights than the monarchs:
Parliament agrees on laws not the king Raise taxes Parliament okays the raising of an army Parliament and public have free speech against
the government Trial by jury Elections and debates
English Bill of Rights, 1689
Colonial Government
King appointed the governor in his place
Governor appointed by King and had final say on laws
Assemblies made laws, passed taxes, paid governor’s salary which made the governor listen to the assemblies
Freedom of the Press
John Peter Zenger Trial, 1735
Arrested for exposing governor’s corruption in his paper
Charged with seditious libel
Wins freedom of press and papers will begin to address political issues
What important English Rights did the colonist
gain from the following dates. 1215, 1689, 1735?
What is a representative government? Who had more power in the colonial
government system. The king, governor or the assemblies?
Compare and contrast a monarchy and a representative government.
Create an illustrated time line on representative government in colonial America.
Colonial Government