初中定语从句讲解初中定语从句讲解

A matching game ！！！

Match the two sentences

1.I’m reading a book. The book is about Bill Gates.

_______________________________________

2.He is a teacher. The teacher teaches us Chinese.

_______________________________________

3.I don’t like the man. He is smoking.

____________________________________

4.Where is the picture? You bought it last week.

_______________________________________

I’m reading a book that/which is about Bill Gates.

He is a teacher who/ that teaches us Chinese.

I don’t like the man who is smoking.

Where is the picture that you bought last week?

• 什么是定语从句呢？答案：修饰前面某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。

结构： 先行词 + 关系词 + 句子

The man who lives next to us is a policeman.

先行词______ ________________ 关系词

___ 定语从句

关系词 关系代词: that, which, who, whom, whose

关系副词 : when, where, why

关系代词： 指物： that which 指人： who ( 主 / 宾格 ) that whom （宾格）

关系代词 that, which 引导的定语从句 :

如果先行词是表示物的名词或代词，关系代词应用 that 、 which. ( 作主语或宾语 )

This is a dream.The dream will never come true.

This is a dream which/that will never come true.

The dog has been found.The dog was lost.

The dog which was lost has been found.

Practise: 1.This is the house which is for sale.2. The book which is lying on the floor is mine.

which / that 作主语 . ( 不能省 )

（作主语）

which / that 作宾语 ： （可省略）This is the card.

I’ve just received the card.This is the card which / that I’ve just received.Practise:

1.This is the mistake which /that I always make.

2. I still keep the letters which she wrote to me.

3. I lost the pen which my father bought me.

( ) （作宾语）

关系代词 who, that, whom 引导的定语从句 :

如果先行词是表示人的名词或代词，关系代词应用 who, that ( 作主语或宾语 )whom ( 作宾语 )

who / that 作主语 . ( 不能省 )This is the film star.

The film star is very popular in China.This is the film star who is very popular in China. ( 作主语 )

1.The boy who broke the window is called Roy.

2. Do you know the man who spoke at the meeting yesterday?

3. The girl who is watering the flowers is my cousin.

/ that

who / whom / that 作宾语： ( 可省略 )The man is a famous writer.

He described the man just now.The man ( who/ whom/ that ) he described just now is a famous writer. ( 作宾语）

1.The boy who(m) I ‘m looking for is my friend.

2. The thief has been sent to prison.

The police caught the thief last night.

The thief whom the police caught last night has been sent to prison.

小结：• that － 既可指人，也可指物，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略。• which －指物，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略 .• who － 指人，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略 , （常用 whom ）注 : 当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时 , 定语从句的谓语动词形式由先行词定。

有时只能用 that , 不用 which, 常见的情况有五种：1.当先行词是 all, any, few, little, none, anything, everything, nothing , everybody,nobody, everyone, no one 或被它们修饰时。 That’s all that I know.

Is there anything that I can do for you?

He answered few questions that the teacher asked.

2. 当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时 That is the most interesting book that I have

ever read.

The first thing that I should do is to review my lessons.

3. 当先行词有 the very, the only, the same 等修饰时。That’s the only thing that I can do now.

These are the very words that he used.

4. 当主句以 who 或 which 开头时，定语从句的关系词用 that, 而不用 which 或 who.

Who is the girl that spoke to you just now?

Which is the pen that you lost ?

5. 先行词同时包括人或物时，关系词用 that.

The man and his dog that I always meet are standing by the gate.

whose 作定语 , 表示所属关系。 The boy is my classmate.

The boy’s father is a policeman.The boy whose father is a policeman is my classmate.

• A child _____ parents are dead is called an orphan( 孤儿 ).

• A. who B. whose C. who’s D. which

Exercise 1 : 用关系代词填空1. The boy ____________ is playing ping-pong

is my classmate.

2. The e-mail ___________ I received yesterday was from my sister.

3. I hate people ______________ talk much but do little.

4. The car _____________ my father bought last month is very beautiful.

who / that

which/ that

who / that

which / that

5. The man ______ hair is white is his grandfather.

6. Is there a student _________ father is a business man?

7. This is the house in ________ we have lived for 10 years.

8.I’ve never heard of the people and things ________ you talked about just now.

whose

whose

which

that

当先行词同时指人和物时，关系代词只能用 that.

Exercise 2.

1. My father and his teacher talked a lot about the persons and things ______ they couldn’t remember.

2. Say all ________ you know.

3. Is there anything ______ I can do for you?

that

that

that

当先行词是 something, anything, nothing, all 等词时，关系代词只能用that.

4.This is the first play ________ I have seen since I came here.

5. This is the best novel _______ I have read.

that

that当先行词被序数词，最高级等词修饰时，关系代词只能用 that.6.Who is the girl _______is standing under the

tree?

7. Which is the machine ____ we used last Sunday.当主句是 who 或 which 引导的特殊疑问句，而中心词指人或物时，关系代词只能

用 that.

that

that

关系副词：when/ where/why

when 作时间状语 :

She will never forget the day.

She was married on that day.She will never forget the day when (=on which)

she was married.

It was the year.

The World War I broke out in the year.It was the year when (= in which) the World War I broke out.

When = 介词 + which

where 作地点状语I want to know the place.

I was born there.I want to know the place where (= in which) I was born.

The table where (= at which ) she is sitting is a new one.

where = 介词 + which

why 作原因状语 , 其先行词常常是 the reason.

That is the reason why(= for which) I’m late.

I know the reason why he said it.

why = for which

Exercise• 1.October 1,1949 is the day _____ the

PRC was founded.A. which B. when C. that D. on that

• 2.Is that the reason _____ you are for the plan.

which B. what C. why D. for that

• 3.October 1,1949 is the day _____ the PRC was founded.

• A. which B. when C. that D. on that

• 4. Is this the place ______ you were born?

• A. which B.where C.what D.that

•挑战高难度！！！

• 1. Is this the place ______ you were born?

• A. which B.where C.what D.that

• 2. Is this the place ______ some German friends visited last year?

• A. which B.where C.what D. why

• 3.The house _______ the famous writer wrote his works is a museum now.

• A. which B.where C.what D.that

• 4.The house _______ the famous writer bought many years ago is a museum now.

• A. that B.where C.what D. why

• 5.He told her the reason____ why he is unhappy, but she doesn’t believe the reason ______ he gives her.

• A. why; why• B. why; which• C. that; why• D. which; why

谢谢观赏 ~~~