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Recent World Bank Technical Papers (continued)No. 397 Lovei, Phasing Out Leadfrom Gasoline: Worldwide Experience and Policy ImplicationsNo . 398 Ayres , Anderson , and Hanrahan, Setting Prioritiesfor Environmental MAnagement: An Applica tion to

the Mining Sector in BoliviaNo. 399 Kerf, Gray, Irwin , Levesque , Taylor, and Klein, Concessionsfor Infrastructure: A Guide to Their Design

and AwardNo. 40 I Benson and Clay, The Impact ofDrought on Sub-Saharan African Economies: A PreliminaryExaminationNo. 402 Dinar, Mendelsohn , Evenson, Parikh, Sanghi , Kumar, McKinsey, and Lonergan, Measuring the

Impact ofClimate Change on Indian AgricultureNo. 403 Welch and Frernond, The Case-by-Case Approach to Privatization: Techniques and ExamplesNo. 404 Stephenson, Donnay, Frolova , Melnick, and Worzala, Improving Women sHealth Services in the

Russian Federation: Results ofa Pilot ProjectNo. 405 Onorato, Fox, and Strongrnan, World Bank Group Assistance for Minerals Sector Development and

Reform in Member CountriesNo. 406 Milazzo, Subsidies in World Fisheries: A ReexaminationNo. 407 Wiens and Guadagni, Designing Rules for Demand-Driven Rural Investment Funds: The Latin

American ExperienceNo. 408 Donovan and Frank, Soil Fertility Management in Sub-Saharan AfricaNo. 409 Heggie and Vickers, Commercial Management and Financing ofRoadsNo. 410 Sayeg, Successful Conversion to Unleaded Gasoline in ThailandNo. 411 Calve , Optionsfor Managing and Financing Rural Transport InfrastructureNo. 413 Langford, Forster, and Ma lcolrn , Toward a Financially Sustainable Irrigation System: Lessons from the

State of Victoria, Australia, 1984-1994No. 414 Salman and Boisson de Chazournes, International Watercourses: Enhancing Cooperation and

Managing Conflict, Proceedings ofa World Bank SeminarNo. 415 Feitelson and Haddad, Identification ofJoint Management Structures for Shared Aquifers: A

Cooperative Palestinian-Israeli EffortNo. 416 M iller and Reidinger, eds., Comprehensive River Basin Development: The Tennessee ValleyAuthorityNo. 417 Rutkowski, Welfare and the Labor Market in Poland: Social Policy during Economic TransitionNo. 418 Okidegbe and Associates, Agriculture Sector Programs: SourcebookNo. 420 Francis and others , Hard Lessons: Primary Schools, Community , and Social Capital in NigeriaNo. 421 Gert Jan Born, Robert Foster, Ebel Dijkstra, and Marja Tumrners, Evaporative Air-Conditioning:

Applicationsfor Environmentally Friendly CoolingNo. 422 Peter Quaak, Harrie Knoef, and Huber Stassen, Energy from Biomass: A Review of Combusion and

Gasification TechnologiesNo. 424 Jaffee, ed ., Southern African Agribusiness: Gaining through Regional CollaborationNo. 425 Mohan, ed ., Bibliography ofPublications: Africa Region, 1993-98No. 426 Rushbrook and Pugh, Solid Waste Landfills in Middle- and Lower-Income Countries: A Technica l

Guide to Planning, Design, and OperationNo. 427 Marino and Kemper, Institutional Frameworks in Successful Waier Markets : Brazil, Spain, andColorado, USANo. 428 C. Mark Blackden and Chitra Bhanu, Gender, Growth, and Poverty Reduction: Special Program of

Assistance for Africa, 1998 Status Report on Poverty in Sub-Saharan AfricaNo. 429 Gary McM ahon, Jose Luis Evia, Alberto Pasco -Font, and Jose Miguel Sanchez, An Environmental

Study ofArtisanal, Small, and Medium Mining in Bolivia, Chile, and PeruNo. 431 Severin Kodderitzsch, Reforms in Albanian Agriculture: Assessing a Sector in TransitionNo. 432 Luiz Gabriel Azevedo, Musa Asad, and Larry D. Simpson, Management of Water Resources: Bulk

Water Pricing in BrazilNo. 433 Malcolm Rowat and Jose Astigarraga, Latin American Insolvency Systems: A Comparative AssessmentNo. 434 Csaba Csaki and John Nash, editors, Regional and International Trade Policy: Lessons for the EU

Accession in the Rural Sector- World Bank/FAO Workshop, June 20-23, 1998No. 437 Csaba Csaki, Michel Dabatisse, and Oskar Honisch , Food and Agriculture in the Czech Republic:

From a "Velvet" Transition to the Challenges of EU Accession

WORLD BANK TECHNICAL PAPER No . 436

Europe and Central Asia Environmentally and Socially SustainableRural Development Series

Legal Impediments toEffective Rural Land Relations

in Eastern Europeand Central Asia

A Comparative Perspective

EditedbyRoy Prosterman

Tim Hanstad

The World BankWashington , D.e.

N~ 436

,,

- 2000

3467 68

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Copyright 1999The Intemational Bank Reconstruction and Oevelopment/THE WORLO BANK

1818 Street, N.W.Washington, .. 20433, U.S.A

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, . . l Rubin , Growing Legal System in Post-CommunistEconomies, 27 CORNELL INERNATIONAL LAW JOURNAL 1 (1994) ; .. Brietzke, Designing the LegalFrameworks/or Markets in Eastern , 7 TRANSNATIONAL LAW JOURNAL 35 (1994) .31 . Steven dix , Legislative Re/orm 0/ Property Ownership in Kazakhstan, 15 DEVELOPMENT POLICY

. REVIEW 159,160 (June 1997); GianmariaAjani & Ugo Mattei, Codifying Property Law in the Process o/Transition:

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145) (March 1986). . Gershon Feder, LandRights Systes and Agricultural Developent in Sub-Saharan Africa, 2:2 RESEARCH OBSERVER (JULY 1987);John W. , et l ., Searching for Land Tenure Security in Africa (1993); Thomas J. Bassett, et al., Land inAfrican Agrarian Systems (1993).9 . ERIC SHEARER , Et Al.,

REFOR OF RURAL LAND ARETS IN LATIN AERICA N CARIBBEAN (1991); ROGERPLANT, LAND RIGHTS FOR INDIGENOUS AND TRIBAL PEOPLES IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES (1992).111 - .. PETERLARMOUR, ., CUSTOMARY LAND TENURE: REGISTRATION AND DECENTRALIZATION INPAPUA NEW GUINEA ( New Guinea National Research Institute Monograph No. 29, 1991); .ACQUAYE & R. CROCOMBE, EDS. , LAND TENURE AND RURAL PRODUCIVIY IN PACIFICISLANDS (University ofSouth Pacific, Institute ofPacific Studies and UNFAO, 1984).

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, 3 (21 1991 .).39 , . 22.411 Meyers & Kazlauskiene, . . 32.

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EVOLUION OF INSTIUTIONS FOR COLLECIVEACT ION 63 (1991) .62 Hendrix, 24, . 164.

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711 Evelin Gordon, Sharol1: Lands Sold rather than Leased, JERUSALEM POST, 22 October1996, . 8.

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' 5 STEPHEN HODGSON & CORMAC CULLINAN, COMPARATIVE SUI~VEY OF LEGAL ANDADMINISTRATIVE MEASURES RESTRICT, REGULATE, OR BENEFI FROM OWNERSIPOR USE OF LAND FOREIGNERS 1 (Food and Agricu1tura1 Organization ofthe United N ations, 1995).86 Isoshi Kajii, Development / StlUctural Policy - Centering the Agricultural Land Legislation, 13 FOOD ANDAGRICULTURAL POLICY RESEARCH CENTER, CHANGES IN JAPAN 'SAGRARIAN STRUCTURE 35 (1998).87 ! . Dombek & Cynthia Button, Agrarian Land Law, . 199-200." 7 UNIED STATES ANNOTATED secs. 3601-8.89 IOWA ANNOTATED secs. 567.1, 567.2 (West 1997).91' MINNESOTA STATUTES ANNOTATED sec. 500.221 (West 1997).91 MISSOURI ANNOTATED STATUTES sec . 442.571 (West 1997).

42

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55

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.

;4 Isoshi Kajii, Rura1 Land in Japan ( 1998) ( ) .

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. , .2 ZviLerman, Changing Land Relations FarmingStructures Formerly Socialist , AGRICULTURAL

LANDOWNERSIP TRANSIIONAL ECONOMICS 61 ( WUl1derlich ed., 1995).)StephenWegren, Intoductiion : The Third Wave of20th-CenturyLand Reform, Post-Soviet States, LANDREFORin the FORER SOVIETUNION AND EASTERTN EUROPE, xxi ( Wegrel1 ed., 1998) ( - Reform).4 Gelpem, . . 1, . 315. - , , , , .; WiIliam . Meyers and Natalija Kazlauskene, LandRefom in Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania: Comparative Analysis,in LandRefom, . . 3, . 92.6 Leman, . . 2., . 61.

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Masters Thesis, University ofWashington, ).21 Mark . , Romania:Analysisand Review /New LeasingLaw, EastjWest Executive Guide, January 1, 1998,available in LEXIS, World Library, ALLNEWS File. No . 14/1994

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( 16 1993 .) .7 Steven Hendrix, Legislative Reform of Property Ownership in Kazakhstan , 15 DEVELOPMENT POLICYREVIEW , 159, 162 (June 1996). , 23 24.

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