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1 1 .

14 .

. .

1823 Jns Berzelius .

(28% ).

( ) ( ) . 2

:14

: 28.086

C : 1414

C : 3265

: 1.46

3: 4+

:

: 1.90

: 4-2

: 2.33

.4

.

.

. . .

. .

5

( ) .

6

.

7 :

.

. (H2PtCl6) .

.

8 () . z- ..

E- .

9 .

.10 C-C

. 11 .

.12

.13 .

C-Si .

9-2-3-

.

BF3 TiCl4 .

.

1415 . ( ) .

Sc(O3SCF3)3 .

TMSI TMS .

4(SiB(O3SCF33((CH3 .

16

- SnCl4 .17

.

18BF3 .

.

7 8 4% 9 .

A7 B7 .

. A7 B7 .19

BF3 SnCl4 10 .

BF3 .

SnCl4 .20

.

.21

1 3- .

ee%70 .

22 . . .

.

. .

23

.

.

.

. 24

c . .

D .

25

22- E .

.

: - . 26

.

Z-2- --- 13- .

.27

.---- .

TS .

TS .

28

9.3 TS MNDO .

a- 6 .

29

b- .30

. ( ) . .31

THF .

(TBAF) .

.

32

.

.33

CuCl TBAF . . .

2- . . 34

.

in situ .9-2-4- 35

4-( )-3- .36 33- .

N- .

N- .

.3737

9-2-5-

AlCl3 SnCl4 , .

. 38

39

40

41

42

BF3 TiCl4 . 9 . O- .

10 . .

9-2-6

, TiCl4 . .

LUMO .

45

InCl3-TMSCl . InCl3 in situ .46

.

, .

47

48

49

50 Zin Tin .

Sn Berzlius Stannum .

- .

.

1800 .

14(IVA) 5 .

51 : 50 : 118.710 : 1.72 : 1.41 : (K2543.15) C2270.0 : (K505.05) C 231.9: 1.96 :

.

52 . . .

53 :-- - - - - ( (

( ) . C-C .

.

.549-3-1

( ) .

Z E .

E Z . 55

ZrCl4 Z . .56

. .

57

.58

CrCl2 .59 .

- - .

- n- ( ) . 609-3-2 C-C

.

C-Sn C-Sn .

6162

.

.

9-3-2-1

. .63 . .

. 2- BF3 .64

antiperiplaner . TS .

HOMO LUMO . .

antipreplaner .65

MgBr2 .6667

- E .

MgBr2 SnCl2 TiCl4 .

- SnCl4 .68

9-3-2-2

. .

69

in situ . 1--3- . 5.8 . .70

SnCl2 .

exchange .

.71

TS . E Z- steroconvergent .

C82 .72

. - - .73 .

TiCl4 .

749-3-2-3-

E-2- TiCl4 .

2- TiCl4 .

. .75

. 16 17 .

.76

.

A R S Ti(O-i-Pr)4 87-96% .77

78

BINAP-AgF . 2- .

steroconvergent 2- .

.

.79

80

81

82