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. . . . . D .

. . . . . .. :

. . ( 10 ).. .

. : - : - :

. : : :

. . . . Excretion =Filtration-Reabsorption+Secretion

----------- GBM GBM . . adhesion molecules . 2 ( ) . . . : ) ml/min) . : ( ). : ) ml/min). : ) ml/min (. : ( = = / ) Cardiac Output = 6000ml/minRenal Blood Flow = 1200 ml/minRenal Fraction = RBF/CO = 20%Renal Plasma Flow = 650 ml/minGlomerular Filtration Rate = 125 ml/minFiltration Fraction= GFR/ RPF = 20%GFR -GFR : - . - .

- .

- . - GFR . Clearance x= VUxPx. . . GFR GFR . - GFR - GFR - GFR GFR GFR . GFR . GFR .

(Autoregulation (- : - - Juxtaglomerular Apparatus .

GFR 1 2 PGE2, PGI2 . . . GFR Autacoids. ( .). (PGI2 & PGE2) GFR ( RBF RBF GFR .) - .- : - : ATPase Cotransporter or Countertransporter -

( ) . - : - : -: - :

Proximal TubuleNa+Na+H+glucose amino acidsphosphateDistal TubuleNa+Cl-Loop of HenleNa+K+2Cl-K+Ca/Mg /Na+_ROMK2K+Collecting Tubule3Na+- - - - - - - - - - - - - -. . secretion .. ( ) .. .. : : : : : . ( ) : . H+-ATPase H+-K+-ATPase . . . . . Na+H+3 Na+2 K+HCO3-H2CO3CA H2OCO2 +OH- + CO2H2O3HCO3-Na+Proximaltubule cellPeritubularcapillaryTubular lumenCALuminal membraneBasolateral membraneNa+-K+-ATPaseH+H+CO2H2O Intercallated cell in Collecting tubuleTubular lumenCALuminal membraneBasolateral membraneHCO3-H2CO33 Na+2 K+Cl-Na+-K+-ATPaseH+-ATPaseNH4+NH3HPO4=H2PO4-H+. .. :

Loop of Henle cellClC-Kb ClC-Kabartin- NaCl . ( ) PTH D .

Distal Tubular cellClC-KbPTHCalcitriol. - . . : - : - PTH: PTH PTH type II Na+- P cotrasnporter . Na+Na+H+glucose amino acidsphosphate ( )