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90 [B]=bn-1bn-2b0b-1=0 [P0]=0 [P1]={[P0]+(b-1-b0)[A]}2-1 [Pn-1]={[Pn-2]+(bn-3-bn-2)[A]}2-1 [Pn]=[Pn-1]+(bn-2-bn-1)[A] [AB]=Pn2n-1 2n-1 [AB]=Pn20 2n-1bi-1bi-20011+001+[A]10+[-A] i--n-1n-19094 * 0REGB0 REGB 0SP REGPnn REGB SBSP REGPnn-1 1(2) () n(n) REGB00(REGA) C REGB SBSP REGPnn-1REGBSP SP REGPnn81nn9493 *-- REGA()REGB() REGP0CNTnREG001CNT=0?REGPREGB()1CNT(CNT)-1REGB0REG?REGP(REGP)+[-(REGA)]1000 11CNT=1?NYREGP(REGP)+(REGA)YNREGPREGB(2n-12n) n9093REGB0REG1001100179 * [A][B]n[AB]2n n n-1 REGAREGBREGPnREGCNTn-1REGB(0REGA)bn-1 b0nREGBREGPREGACNTSPGMan-1 a0 7765 * *1 (1) *[A+B]=[A]+[B] [A]+[B]=(A+B+2M) (mod M)=[A+B] *[A-B]=[A+(-B)]=[A]+[-B] 1[A]=11101[B]=10111[A-B] [-B]=01001 [A-B]=[A]+[-B] =11101+01001 =00110 11101 + 01001 1 00110 166 *[+][+] * +/- * *(0/1)(+/-) (+101)2(0101)2(-0.101)2(-.101)2(1.101)28 * X=0.x-1x-(n-1)[X]=x0.x-1x-(n-1)[X] =X 0X11-X=1+|X| -1X0 4[+0.1001]=0.1001[-0.1001]=1.1001 5[X]=1.01X=-0.01 * X[X] [X]X [+0][-0] () 892 * * (1) 10710-3=710+9=7+12=7 *abMa+b=MabM ABMA=B+kM (k) AB (mod M)BAM c-a = c-(M-b) = c+b (mod M) 10 * -48 (mod 12)812+(-4) +88 (mod 12)812+8 (mod 12)(2) *X(0/1+/-) |X||X| * X=xn-2x02n[X]=xn-1xn-2x0[X] = 2n +X (mod 2n) =X 0X2n-12n +X=2n -|X| -2n-1X0 xn-1=12n(2n-1)11 2X=-01000Y=+01000[X]=[Y]= 7n=5X0[X]=01111Xmax=24-1=+15 X0[X]=10000Xmin=-24 =-16 1111 1001 1000 0000 0001 0111 1000 1001 1111 0000 0001 0111 -2n-1 -(2n-1-1) -1 0 +1 +(2n-1-1) [+0000]=[-0000]=00000 0 ()01 1 6[+0001]=00001[-0001]=10 0000-0001=11111 [+1111]=01111[-1111]=10 0000-1111=1000113 X=-xn-2x0[Y]=1yn-2y0xiyi=01 [X] = 2n+X = [2n-1+(2n-1-1)+1]+X = 1 0 0 + 1 1 + 1 = 1 0 0 + 1 - xn-2x0 + xn-2x0 = 1 xn-2x0 + 1(3) *X[X] X=+xn-2x0[Y]=0yn-2y0xiyi=01 [X] = X = 0xn-2x0 Y = [Y] = + yn-2y0 Y =[Y]-2n = 1yn-2y0-[2n-1+(2n-1-1)+1] = 2n-1-2n-1 -( 11 - yn-2y0 + 1 ) = -( yn-2y0 + 1 ) ()14 X[X] X0 X11 9X=+0101[X]=X=-0101[X]=0 01011 1011 [X]X [X]0 [X]11 10[X]=0 0101X=+ 0101[X]=1 1011X=- 0101204 * * X=xn-2x0=2n=2n-1 [X] = 2n-1+X (mod 2n) = 2n-1 + X -2n-1X2n-1 16[-111]=0001[-001]=0111[000]=1000 [+001]=1001[+111]=1111[-1000]=0000 1000 1001 1111 0000 0001 0111 0000 0001 0111 1000 1001 1111 -2n-1 -(2n-1-1) -1 0 +1 +(2n-1-1) * () [X]=[X]21 *BCD(Binary Coded Decimal)-41 *BCD842101234567898421000000010010001101000101011001111000100130011010001010110011110001001101010111100 BCD8421() * BCD (11001101) +4270100 0010 0111 1100 -1230001 0010 0011 1101218421--/2421bit32bit24bit12bit015211bit35bit22bit11bit0184-2-1bit38bit24bit12(2)bit01(1)4311-- bit34bit23bit11bit0140-91-82-73-64-51111

221 * *4 (),(),B A MEM23 * *()ASCII1287EBCDIC2568-IBMUnicode6553616ANSI2568ASCIIGB2312-80744514 ()= log2 UnicodeUTF-8UCS-2UTF-16UTF-8UTF-16UCS-2UTF-81B2B3B4B1Bytes2Bytes3Bytes4BytesUCS-22BUTF-162B4BASCII2Bytes23242 * * (ASCII0) amASCII1100001 1101101 0000000 P7879272425 * (M)(P)MP (M)(P)MfPPPMfM * ()/ ()() *261 *1 1 * 1 1 1010010 0110100 1100011 10100100 0110100 1100011 10100101 0110100 1100011/2/ * (mnmn-1m1) n+1mnmn-1m1p1 2 X Y = X+Y (mod 2) P=p1=mn+mn-1++m1+1 (mod 2) P=p1=mn+mn-1++m1 (mod 2)

29 *k 2k-1n+kn+k1n1245111226275758120k()234567 k * (4) SS0Sn+k+1 : 0000 (1) : 0001(p1)0010(p2)0100(p3)1000(p4) : S(2si1) S151413121110987654321m11m10m9m8m7m6m5p4m4m3m2p3m1p2p129P1P2P3P4333CRC(Cyclic Redundancy Check) * 22 2 2(2) 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 11 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 (1) mn-1Xn-1++m1X+m0=M(X)mn-1m1m0mi=01M(X) M(X)kM(X)Xk3334 *CRCM(X)R(X)R(X)M(X)k2k+1G(X) [M(X)Xk]/G(X)=Q(X)R(X) (2) CRC=M(X)Xk-R(X)=M(X)Xk+R(X) (2)mn-1m1rkr1 7M(X)=1100G(X)=X3+X+1CRC G(X)=X3+X+11011 R(X)3 M(X)X3/G(X)=1100000/1011=1110010 (2) CRC=1100000+010=1100 010 CRC2G(X) [M(X)Xk+R(X)]/G(X) (2) ={Q(X)G(X)+R(X)+R(X)}/G(X) (2) =[Q(X)G(X)]/G(X)=Q(X)0 (2)36 87CRC1A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7R(X)R(X)m4 m1 r3 r11 1 0 0 0 1 00001 1 0 0 0 1 1A70011 1 0 0 0 0 0A6010 0010/1011= 0101 1 0 0 1 1 0A5100 0100/1011= 1001 1 0 1 0 1 0A4011 1000/1011= 0111 1 1 0 0 1 0A3110 0110/1011= 1101 0 0 0 0 1 0A2111 1100/1011= 1110 1 0 0 0 1 0A1101 1110/1011= 101A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A70CRC/G(X)1 1 0 1 0 1 0011A41M(X)