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國際企業 : 環境與策略. 前言. I. 全球化 II. 各國政治經濟與法律的 差異 III. 社會文化的 差異 IV. 國際貿易理論與國家競爭力 V. 政府對國際貿易的干預 VI. 海外直接 投資 FDI VII. 區域經濟整合 VIII. 國際企業的策略. I. 全球化. 全球化的驅力. 推動全球化的動力。. 生產全球化的涵義. 當生產全球化的運送成本下降,這會使得將 不同的產品散佈在全球各地生產 時更具經濟性。 網際網路 也是造成國際貿易服務的重要原因。. 市場全球化的涵義. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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:
I. II. III. IV. V. VI. FDIVII. VIII.
I.
: WWW
()
( )
(Dell)IBM (Citigroup)
II.
(political system)
(collectivism)
(individualism) :
:
::
(legal system) (rules) (laws)
(common law): (civil law): (theocratic law):
(purchasing power parity, PPP)
21
| 2012228 5:30
Forbes)
III. (culture)() (values) (norms)(Geert Hofestede)
(power distance PDI)(uncertainty avoidance UAI) (individualism versus collectivism IDV (masculinity versus femininity MAS) (Confucian dynamism) or (Long-Term Orientation LTO)
(loyalty) (reciprocal obligations) (honesty)
IV. (new trade theory)
(Michel Porter)
( factor endowments)(demand conditions)(relating and supporting industries)( firm strategy, structure, and rivalry)
V.
() (local content regulations)VI. (foreign direct investment, FDI)
(greenfield investment) (acquiring or merging)
?
(FDI) (exporting) (licensing)?(internalization theory) know-how (John Dunning) (location-specific advantages)
(John Dunning) ( )
: 45Know-howKnow-how
VII. (regional economic integration)
NAFTA
ECFATPPThe Trans-Pacific Partnership, TPPTrans-Pacific Strategic Economic Partnership Agreement2002free trade agreement, FTA)Free Trade Area of the Asia Pacific, FTAAP)Article 1.1.3WTOFTA
(TPP) The Trans-Pacific Strategic Economic Partnership, TPP 2005 P4 2006 TPP 2008 2010 3 P4 P8 2010 10 P9 GDP 60% 50% TPP FTA TPP 1990 WTO APEC FTA WTO APEC 2000 FTA (Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, APEC) 1990 APEC 21 55% GNP49% APEC
:
: EU NAFTAVIII.
53
IIIIIIIV
(global standardization strategy)
:
(localization strategy) (transnatioinal strategy)
(international strategy)58