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Τυπολόγιο Θερμοδυναμικής - Κεφάλαια 1+2 (Φυσική Θετικής & Τεχνολογικής Κατεύθυνσης Β' Λυκείου).
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1
( & )
PV = nRT PV = mMr RT P = dRTMr
P = 13
Nm
Vu2 P = 1
3
Nm
Vu2 P = 13 du2 P = 13 du2 P = 23 NV K
= 32
k, = 32 nRT u = u2 u = 3RTMr u = 3kTm : PV = NkT
Q = m c ( ) Q = n C
CP = CV + R = ( : + ) :
= 53, Cp = 52R CV = 32 R
1
Q = U + W : U = 3
2nRT ( ) U = n CV
W = P~V http:/
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2
Boyle: .
PV = . = . (: )
1. U = 0
2. W = n R T ln VV
= P V ln PP
3. Q = U + W = W
i. ( T, V, P)
ii. ( T, P, V)
ln() = ln + ln ln
= ln() ln()
ln 1 = ln(1) ln() = ln()
ln() = ln() ln(1) = 0 ln(e) = 1
http:/
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3
Charles: .
P
T = . V = . d = .
(: )
1. U = nCVT
2. W = 0 3. Q = U + W = nCVT
i. ( V, P, )
ii. ( V, P, )
htt
p://nu
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2012
.word
press.
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4
Gay Lussac: , , .
= . P = .
(: )
1. U = n CV T
2. W = P V 3. Q = U + W = n CP T
i. ( P, V, )
ii. ( P, V, T)
Q
U= nCP
nCV= CP
CV=
QW
= nCPTnRT
= CPR
WU
= nRTnCVT
= RCV
http:/
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5
.
Poisson: P V= . (: )
1. U = W
2. W = PVPV1
3. Q = 0
i. ( P, V, )
ii. ( P, V, )
Poisson: V1 = . P1 =
http:/
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6
.
1. U = 0 ( T = 0)
2. W = P~V
3. Q = W ( .)
: , .
I. nRT :
P V ()
nRT = P V ()
P.V. P.V. ( )
II. Q > 0
Q < 0
http:/
/nucle
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7
. , : 1) (Qh) Th. 2) . 3) (Qc) c.
O (e) . e = WQh Q , Qh |Qc|. W = Qh |Qc|. : e = Qh |Qc|Qh = 1 |Qc|Qh 18%, , , 40%. 20%, 35% 40%. htt
p://nu
cleus
2012
.word
press.
com
8
2
. (Kelvin-Planck)
. (Clausious)
Carnot Carnot . : : 1
Q1 : :
Q2 (< 0) :
Carnot : eCarnot = 1 TcTh : e < 1 ( Tc 0)
P = Wt
t=T P = WT
= Wf, f
http:/
/nucle
us20
12.w
ordpre
ss.co
m