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1

. , ,

.

, .

,

( )

[4] .

, '

.(Wikipedia)

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2

.

2000 2.7%, 0.8%

1999 1.3% 2001. (2000)

()

67%

.

, 1999

35% . , ,

.

.

, .. .

...

1972 1994 .

, ,

. ,

, ,

. ,

.

,

. (Wikipedia)

.

-

3

Country statistical profile: Norway 2013

(Source: OECD Fact book statistics. For explanatory notes, see OECD Fact book

2013 (DOI: 10.1787/factbook-2013-en)

-

4

-

5

, 2008-2011

(% ) - : Eurostat

, .

.

-

6

2011

.

, 2011

(% ) - : Eurostat

, 2011

(% ) - : Eurostat

-

7

, 2011

(% ) - : Eurostat

: , http://www.npd.no

-

8

10

14

1971.

: 1.

2.

, 3. .

Fredrik Lindblom DLA

Piper Cyprus Natural Gas Conference :

1

.

.

. , .

2

.

3

.

Statoil Oil

Directorate. .

, ,

,

.

. 43 200.

.

-

9

4

.

.

, ,

. ,

.

,

.

.

5

. , (flaring)

.

,

.

6

, ,

-

.

20% . ,

, , , LNG

, , , .

7

.

,

.

8

-

10

.

, 1985 States Direct Financial

Interest. M ,

, 1 2011 SDFI

146 14

. SDFI Petoro AS.

, Gassco AS

.

Statoil ASA, 67%

41 .

9

62

.

.

10

. ,

,

Statoil.

-

11

.

,

White Papers .

- ,

.

.

(Source: NPD and the Norwegian fiscal budget)

.

,

.

:

,

-

12

40 ,

OLF (Oljeindustriens Landsforening)*, OLF

,

.

,

, StatoilHydro .

.

,

.

* Industry Association Oil (: Oljeindustriens Landsforening,

OLF) ,

Norwegian Enterprise.

:

SDFI** (

(SDFI) (: Staten direkte konomiske engasjement)

. Petoro SDFI

2001.).(Wikipedia)

Petoro* SDFI

.

StatoilHydro.

* Petoro, ,

.

(SDFI).

Statoil . H Petoro

. (Wikipedia)

-

13

.

2003

(APA) (NCS).

.

APA

. APA

, .

APA-,

.

.

-

14

&

.

, ,

.

.

, . ,

.

. ,

,

.

.

.

,

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.

.

: Loose vs. tight societies By Razib Khan | May 28, 2011 2:23 pm

Link: http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/2011/05/loose-vs-tight-societies/#.UY1WGqI8CSq

-

15

,

. ,

, .

,

.

-

16

,

Transparency International, 7

180 .

.

.

.

.

,

.

Source: www.transparency.no

-

17

EITI (Extraction Industries Transparency

International) , ,

.

. ,

,

.

-

18

,

..

1965 1971.

,

, .

,

.

,

,

Lofoten. ,

5 (Sm3

), 4 Sm3

3 . .

-

19

.

: http://www.npd.no/Publikasjoner/Faktahefter/Fakta-2011/Kap-5/

-

20

. , 5

,

, , 90%

.

( ).

6 ,

2 . ..

. , 15%

.

75 . ,

.

1971. ,

.

,

(: , ).

: , http://www.npd.no

-

21

,

, 2008:

25% .

( , ).

30%

.

.

, ,

.

( , )

, 50 2008, 35

. 2009. ,

, 100 ,

.

(, )

20 ,

,

, (

),

(

),

.

28%,

78%.

British Petroleum

. ,

.

,

.

,

, ,

-

22

.

(

1990).

, ( ,

,

), .

;

.

,

,

. ( ,

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.)

, 78%

, .

, ,

.

.

. , oljeskattekontoret,

,

( ):

:

, ,

78%.

,

, ,

.

.

, ,

,

-

23

. (

.)

.: ,

, .

, ..

.

,

.

:

,

. , ,

. ,

.

.:

.

.

,

.

-

24

.

. .

1960

.

,

.

:

, (

), ,

.

, (

), , , ,

,

.*

* .,.

. ,

.

,

.

, .

,

,

,

,

.

, .

140%

..-27,7

.

2,5%

( 1%)8

,

, .

,

-

25

,

1990.

**

. (

)

,

,

. 1995.

. ,

.

, ,

. 60% (

2011)

, .

.

,

, .

,

.

, ,

.

, 400 . (80.000

), . 2011,

. ,

.

, ,

.

. ,

2008.

, ,

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,

-

26

,

.

,

.

, .

.

,

,

4% .

,

.

,

2001, .

4%

( )

,

. ,

:

% .

: http://www.npd.no/Publikasjoner/Faktahefter/Fakta-2011/Kap-3/

-

27

, ,

.

. ,

4%. , 2009,

.

, ,

, 4%. ,

.

,

10% .

:

. ,

,

/ . , ,

.

.

.

.

,

.

.

, .

,

, .

, 1% ,

,

.

-

28

H

,

, ,

.

(, ),

.

,

, .

sami ,

,

.

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.

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.

;

.

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.

-

29

:

,

.

,

.

, 4%

, ,

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.

,

,

.

.

, ,

. 25%

( ) 10%

, ,

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.

, , 25

, 2010 7,3

Sm3 .., 2010 250 ,

,

30 .20 ,

,

.

.

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.

, .

-

30

.

,

:

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.

( 3%),

. ,

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,

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.

: .

-

31

( )

IAE.

(NCS).

,

,

. Mongstad

.

,

, . 2,16 mb / d

2010. ,

, 90%

.

.

( ) 1,9 mb

/ d 2010.

2002, (NCS)

. ,

. 2010

35% 2000, 25% 2005.

2010, 7,1

.

, .

NCS

.

NCS.

,

-

32

NCS. ,

' 1970 1980

. NCS

,

.

NCS,

.

, Lofoten

,

.

2010,

,

. 175 000

.

,

.

NCS, .

,

NCS.

-

33

2010 213 kb / d, 218

kb / d 2009 229 kb / d

2008.

2006

( )

2,7%.

,

.

, , /

.

. ,

30%.

.

. ( )

. ,

50%

, 28%. ,

78%.

-

34

, , .

,

(

), "

.

/

2,39 mb / d 2009,

90% . 308 kb / d

220 kb / d ( 2010),

,

.

2010 *

-

35

1 2007, Statoil ASA

Norsk Hydro .

62,5% . ,

Statoil, 2001

. ,

2008. 5 2009,

67%

, StatoilHydro ASA.

Statoil ASA 1 2009.

.

. Statoil

70%

(NCS). NCS,

.

2009, 137 14

.

-

36

,

Shell, Statoil, Esso Uno-X Energi

97% ,

(Statoil , Shell Esso), 80%

. Statoil ,

33% .

: Mongstad

Bergen , Esso

Slagen . 310 000

. Mongstad (200 kb / d)

SLAGEN (110 kb / d).

, NCS.

30% (90 kb / d)

, .

, 140 kb / d,

.

.

Statoil Oseberg Transport System (765 kb / d)

Oseberg Sture. Statoil

265 kb / d) Grane, Grane

Sture.

Sture 6,3 mb .

Statoil Troll I

II (565 kb / d), Mongstad .

9,4 mb .

Mongstad ,

.

Norpipe AS ConocoPhillips

AS. (810 kb / d) 354 .,

Ekofisk Continental Shelf

Teeside .

-

37

, ,

.

Bergen / Stavanger ,

, Mongstad.

, ,

. ,

SLAGEN, Toensberg, 100 .

-

38

26 , 17

, 50 .

- ,

400 ,

.

Slagen Mongstad,

15,7 mb ,

,

( ),

(

) -

(

).

.

. ,

(),

. ,

.

,

( ) , .

.

.

.

-

39

IAE

(IEP),

1975,

( - )

IEA.

IAE

(CERM) ,

.

1991 2005, ,

IAE ,

,

, ,

IAE. ,

IAE,

.

2006

().

( NESO),

.

EO

1982. , :

(MPE -

)

()

( )

-

40

(

).

MPE

EO, .

.

*=

**IAE= International Energy Agency

(

105,9 bcm 2009)

. ,

.

" 4,0 TCM,

69% 31% .

BP Statistical Review 2010

2,05 TCM.

2009,

103,2 . , 96,6 bcm

3,4 bcm Snhvit

.

(

), 2009 105,9 .

, 102 bcm 2008.

105 130

bcm 2010-2020,

.

Snhvit LNG

- Snhvit, Albatross

Askeladd ( 240m 345m ) - 140

Hammerfest .

2007

5.75 bcm ( ).

-

41

,

. ,

( 5%). 5,9 bcm

2009. 80% , 4,7 bcm,

,

.

,

767 mcm 2009 - 3,5%

. 1 .

,

,

.

.

95% (99,9

bcm 2009, 105,9 bcm).

( , ,

). Snhvit

,

.

-

42

, , Gasnor AS

Lyse Gass AS. Gasnor -

Lyse Gass Stavanger. Lyse Gass

59 . (580 GWh) 2009.

Gasnor 206.500.000 2009,

51,7 mcm .

. ,

.

:

Gasnor 100 . -

, Haugesund Karmy.

Lyse Gass AS 450 .

-

, Stavanger.

LNG-

. 2007,

30

.

LNG- .

Gassco

.

Gassco

2001. ,

.

Gassco

(), Zeebrugge (), Emden

Dornum ().

-

43

-

44

,

.

,

, 2009

5,9 bcm, 20%

. 80%

.

, .

,

. ,

,

.

IAE,

. ,

96%

.

, 2002-2003,

,

. ,

Naturkraft Krst. , 420 MW

, 253 . (NOK 2 .).

Krst

,

2007. 3%

(

175 000 ).

600 mcm , 0,5%

.

-

45

(LNG)- ()

LNG:

-161C

1/600

( )

( )

.

"" LNG

LNG

(

LNG)

-

46

(: Macleod Dixon LLP)

-

47

:

( Joule-Thomson)

( Claude)

(Pictet)

, ,

.

LNG

LNG

(boil-off gas), .

(, , ).

:

:

:

1.

2.

:

1.

2.

:

-

48

-

49

LNG

, ,

LNG

:

1. LNG

2. LNG :

(Boil-off)

3. LNG

4. LNG LNG

. LNG, 30

5. boil-off gas

6. boil-off

7. :

( )

( )

8. boil-off gas.

9.

LNG

-

50

LNG:

1

-

51

2

3

-

52

LNG

,

LNG.

30-35 .

:

1. (Conch, Gas Transport, Self Supporting)

2.

(

) boil-

off gas.

LNG

.

LNG:

1

-

53

2

(: Excelerate Energy LP)

-

54

LNG-

LNG

(13)

,

,

-

.

(13)

,

,

.

.

, 10

. 1,8

-

55

, (storage),

(vaporization)

().

.

-

56

, ,

.

.

.

2007

.

,

.

386

(),

. 30.000m3

177.000m3 300m.

130.000 .. ,

,

.

-

57

(13) 20%

.

,

spot ,

spot

.

.

11/5/2010.

, 45%

.., ( ). ,

2010

35%.

60 .

2000-2012

-

58

:

1. (40 100 bar)

2. (~ 20 bar)

3. (4 7 bar)

:

I.

II.

III.

:

1.

2.

3.

To :

1.

2. ,

3. ,

.

4.

5.

6.

7. ,

8.

9. ( )

10. (scrapper stations)

11.

( ,

, )

(Control Room)

12.

( )

13. , (SCADA)

14. ( , LNG)

-

59

1.

2. ()

3. ,

.

4.

.

.

.

:

1. , :

,

,

()

2. , ,

3. :

(Mangreb) - -

(Transmed)

(LNG) , , , , ,

4. , ,

5. , (Interconnector)

6.

7. ( )

, ( ).

(80%)

.

(.. ).

-

60

,

:

-

61

LNG LNG :

LNG 1990 - 2010 2020.

LNG (

: BP 2011) (

)

2030.

-

62

1960.

-

63

LNG 1996 2010.

BP

,

.

1996 2010. BP

,

.

-

64

LNG 1996 2010.

LNG 2012

.

-

65

LNG 2010. BP

(2011b).

LNG 2012

.

-

66

onstream 2009-2012

2013

.

-

67

LNG

(

)

(.. Nord Stream,

on stream 2011, Hook and Grain LNG

, ,

, on stream 2011). LNG

.

,

(NBP), Zeebrugge (TTF).

, LNG

. 2 3

, 2003 2010.

.

37%

-27 2003-2010 ( 241,7 330,5 bcm bcm).

52% 2003 65% 2010 (. 2).

1- 2008. (: Platts, 2011).

-

68

.

3 2003 2010 LNG

14,5% 2003 24,1% 2010.

, ,

.

2- . BP 2011

3- , - . BP 2011,

-

69

O -27 76%

2010 ( 86% 2003).

3,5% 2003-2010, ,

6,2%

2003-2010.

LNG ,

.

,

,

LNG.

5 LNG

2010-2025.

3,5% 5,0%

5,6%

.

.

LNG ,

. LNG

, LNG

. ,

4- . BP .

-

70

(.. Fukushima-

),

. 5

,

LNG.

30% 2020

2025.

.

5- , 2010-2025.

-

71

.

.

, 10

,

.

.

IEA(International

Energy Agency) ,

.

.

:

,

.

20

,

.

,

.

20

.

,

.

-

72

.

.

.

-

73

10 ,

www.SigmaLive.com

Information from the Government and the Ministries ,www.regjeringen.no

DOING BUSINESS IN NORWAY,

http://www.kwintessential.co.uk/etiquette/doing-business-norway.html

:

, Hubert Faustmann ,Ayla Grel Gregory M.

Reichberg, pp:63-76

IEA (NORWAY 2011- OIL AND GAS SECURITY-EMERGENCY

RESPONSE OF IEA COUNTRIES,pp:2-16

53-56 www.desfa.gr non paper: -

.

44-52 57-59 -

-

, http://www.chemeng.ntua.gr/

Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering- A review and outlook for the

global LNG trade-David A. Wood, DWA Energy Limited, Lincoln, United

Kingdom

http://www.regjeringen.no/http://www.kwintessential.co.uk/etiquette/doing-business-norway.htmlhttp://www.desfa.gr/