( )
A
A : ( -) M:
K:
20141.
..............................................................................................................3
2.
.........................................................4
.....................................................................4
3.
...........................................................................................5
4.
(STP)......................................................................................6
5. (UTP)...........7
6. (FTP)
....................................................................8
7.
....................................................................................9
Straight trough.............................9
Crossover...........9
Rollover.......9
8.
................................................................................................10
9.
..............................................................................................1110.
O
.............................................................................................1211.
Ethernet......................1312. Gigabit
Ethernet.............1413.
...................................................................................15
1.........................................................................................15
2.........................................................................................15
3.........................................................................................16
4.........................................................................................16
5.........................................................................................16
5.......................................................................................17
6.........................................................................................17
6.......................................................................................18
7.........................................................................................18
14.
..........................................................................................................19
15.
....................................................................................20
. . . , . .
: , , , . : , , , .
, . , . , . . . (guided) , .
(bandwidth)- (bps).
/.
.
.
.
:- : K , , .
- : , , , .
.
(twisted pair), : (STP), (UTP) (FTP). .
(Coaxial cable)
Original LAN Media (BUS) . . 50- . 75-
, , . PVC , , . . . , . 1GHz. , . (STP)(Shielded Twisted-Pair
Cable)
(STP) .
(STP) .
(STP) .
- .
(STP) :
(S/STP). (S/UTP).(STP)
(UTP)(Unshielded Twisted- Pair Cable)
(UTP) . (UTP) , , . (UTP) (ethernet) . (UTP) . . (UTP)
(FTP) (FTP) .
(FTP) :PVC , , .
.
(FTP) . .
(FTP) , .
(FTP)
:
Straight-through
Crossover
Rollover
Straight-trough .
:
- -
- -
- -
- -
Crossover1- 2- 3 6- . :- -
- -
-
Rollover .
. (Fiber optic cable) . ( ). , . . , . :
- (Core)- (Aramid Yarn)
- (Buffer)
- (Cladding)
- (Jacket)
( 1 ). , , . , . , ( : , ). , . , . . . . (MMF, Multimode
Fibre), (SMF, Single Mode Fibre). . , 1.050 .
. , . .
Mbps.
Base ( ).
, ( 100m) Base.
- (twisted pair) .
- F (fiber optic) .
Ethernet . repeater ().- Repeater (), .
- IEEE 802.2 , 4 repeaters.
Ethernet
100Base-T4
= 25MHz , , . 8b/6T(8 bits map to 6 trits).
(0,1 2). 27 4 . 4 25- 100Mbps.
100Base-TX = 125MHz
, .
4B/5B.
5 ( ) 32 . 16 4 . 4 5 100MHz(125/5*4).
Full-duplex 100Mbps 100Mbps .
100Base-FX (full-duplex); 4B/5B.
Gigabit Ethernet
IEEE 802.3z 1000Base-SX,LX- 8B/10B- 8 10 1024 .
- ( ):
- 4 .
- 6 6 .
1000Base-T
- = 125MHz
-
-
(5 ) 00,01,10,11 .4 2 125 MHz 1 Gbps.
1 1 CAT 1 TIA Anixter, . TIA 568 3 . Anixter .
2
2 (CAT 2) , TIA , Anixter, . Anixter 2 (UTP) 4Mbit/s. CAT 2
ARCnet 4Mbit/s , .
3
3- , CAT 3 (UTP) 10Mbit/s, 16MHz. . 90- . 3 VoIP, CAT 5 VoIP.
10Mbit/s CAT 3 0,08Mbit/s VoIP . 3- 802.3af PoE. 4
4 (UTP) 16Mbit/s 20MHz. , 10BASE-T, 100Base-T4, . 5/5 , 100 15
.
5
5 (cat 5 cable) . Ethernet ATM, . 5 , . 5 5.
5 5 : 1000 Base-T (Gigabit Ethernet), FDDI, ATM.
4 , 0.51mm (AWG 24) . 20C 1KHz 50 nF/km 1-100MHz 100 15. 20C
+60C.
6
6 5 : 1000 Base-T (Gigabit Ethernet), FDDI, ATM.
4 , 0.55mm (AWG 23) . / . FRNC 7.30mm. 20C 1KHz 50 nF/km
4-100MHz 100 5. -20C +60C.
6 TIA 2008 ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B.2-10. 6 550MHz CAT 6. 6 10Gbit/s (
10GBaseT) 100 .
7 7 : 1000 Base-T (Gigabit Ethernet), FDDI, ATM. 4 , 0.57mm (AWG
23). . FRNC 8.0mm 0.30mm.
20C 1kHz 48 nF/km 1-100MHz 10015. -20C +60C.
. . : .
. , , , , Fast Ethernet Gigabit Ethernet .
3 9 :
- Straight-through
- Crossover
- Rollover
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6,7. :- - . .- 1 .- .- .
1. http://www.digit.com.mk/?Belden_mrezni_kabli12.
http://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category_5_cable3. www.google.com
20
