Difference of Language between Social Classes

2007130597 최치영2007130616 이수철

TABLE

OF

CONTENTS

1. MY FAIR LADY

2. WHY LANGUAGE VARIATION HAS OCCURRED?

3. EXAMPLE OF LANGUAGE VARIATION BY SO-CIAL CLASS

- COCKNEY & BLACK ENGLISH

4. REASEARCH ABOUT LANGUAGE USAGE BE-TWEEN SOCIAL CLASSES

- WILLIAM LABOV & U / NON – U ENGLISH

5. CONCLUSION

My Fair Lady(1964)

▶ Prof. Henry Higgins : Rex Harrison

▶ Eliza Doolittle : Audrey Hepburn

▶ Based upon George Bernard Shaw’s Pygmalion

Why Language Variation Has Oc-curred?

1. Variation by Region

2. Variation by Social-class

Example of Language Variation by Social Class

1. Cockney Eng-lish

2. Black English

COCKNEY ENGLISH

1.Dropped ‘h’ at beginning of words

e.g.) house = ‘ouse hammer = ‘ammer

2.Omission of ‘t’ 3. TH fronting

e.g.) Gatwick = Ga’wick e.g.) Scotland = Sco'land Statement = Sta'emen Network = Ne’work

Brother = Bruvver Three = Free Bath = Barf Thin = Fin

`

BLACK ENGLISH

Research About Language Usage Between Social Classes

1. Wiiliam Labov

2. U / Non – U English

William Labov

▶ 1927. 12. 4. ~

▶ Born in Rutherford, New Jersey

▶ American linguist

▶ Professor of Linguistics University of Pennsylvania

Ⅰ. Department store where main customers are high social class pronounces /r/ more than others.

Ⅱ. When they speak ‘floor’ ,they pronounce /r/ more strongly than speak ‘fourth’

The Social Stratification In NY (1)

Q : Where are the woman’s shoes?

A : Fourth Floor

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Ⅰ Ⅱ ⅡⅡ ⅠⅠ

Saks Macy’s

Clein

floor

fourth

The Social Stratification In NY (2)

U / NON – U ENGLISH (1)

British linguist ‘Alan S. C. Ross’ started to the terms “U and non-U“

Differences of vocabulary received the most attention

Reflection of the anxieties of the middle class in 1950s Britain

U / NON – U ENGLISH (2)

U NON - UBike or Bicycle Cycle

Vegetables Greens

Scent Perfume

What? Pardon?

Writing-paper Note-paper

(School)master, mistress Teacher

Napkin Serviette

Die Pass on

Sofa Settee or Couch

CONCLUSION

1. Variation's form of use in different social classes is arbitrary

2. Variation is not use exclusively in a particular class

3. Rules of language use are different across social classes

THANK YOU