VOL. CLXIV . . . No. 56,651 + © 2014 The New York Times NEW YORK, SATURDAY, OCTOBER 11, 2014

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By ADAM NOSSITER

FREETOWN, Sierra Leone —Acknowledging a major “defeat”in the fight against Ebola, in-ternational health officials bat-tling the epidemic in Sierra Le-one approved plans on Friday tohelp families tend to patients athome, recognizing that they areoverwhelmed and have littlechance of getting enough treat-ment beds in place quickly tomeet the surging need.

The decision signifies a signif-icant shift in the struggle againstthe rampaging disease. Officialssaid they would begin distribut-ing painkillers, rehydrating solu-tion and gloves to hundreds ofEbola-afflicted households in Si-erra Leone, contending that theaid arriving here was not fast orextensive enough to keep up withan outbreak that doubles in sizeevery month or so.

“It’s basically admitting de-feat,” said Dr. Peter H. Kilmarx,the leader of the federal Centersfor Disease Control and Preven-tion’s team in Sierra Leone, add-ing that it was “now national pol-icy that we should take care ofthese people at home.”

“For the clinicians it’s admit-ting failure, but we are respond-ing to the need,” Dr. Kilmarx said.“There are hundreds of peoplewith Ebola that we are not able tobring into a facility.”

The effort to prop up a family’sattempts to care for ailing rela-tives at home does not mean thatofficials have abandoned plans toincrease the number of beds inhospitals and clinics. But beforethe beds can be added and doc-tors can be trained, experts warn,

the epidemic will continue togrow.

C.D.C. officials acknowledgedthat the risks of dying from thedisease and passing it to lovedones at home were serious underthe new policy — “You pushsome Tylenol to them, and backaway,” Dr. Kilmarx said, describ-ing its obvious limits.

But many patients with Ebolaare already dying slowly athome, untreated and with noplace to go. There are 304 bedsfor Ebola patients in Sierra Le-one now, but 1,148 are needed, theWorld Health Organization re-ported this week. So officials heresaid there was little choice but totry the new approach as well.

“For the first time, the nation isaccepting the possibility of homecare, out of necessity,” said Jona-than Mermin, another C.D.C. offi-cial and physician here. “It is apolicy out of necessity.”

Faced with similar circum-stances in neighboring Liberia,where even more people are dy-ing from the disease, the Ameri-can government said last monththat it would ship 400,000 kitswith gloves and disinfectant.

“The home kits are no sub-stitute for getting people” to atreatment facility, said Sheldon

Officials Admit a ‘Defeat’

By Ebola in Sierra Leone

Tell Families to Care for Victims at Home,

Because Clinics Cannot Keep Up

Continued on Page A6

By DECLAN WALSH

“Who is Malala?” shouted theTaliban gunman who leapt onto acrowded bus in northwestern Pa-kistan two years ago, then fired abullet into the head of MalalaYousafzai, a 15-year-old school-girl and outspoken activist.

That question has been an-swered many times since by Ms.Yousafzai herself, who survivedher injuries and went on to be-come an impassioned advocate,global celebrity and, on Friday,the latest recipient of the NobelPeace Prize alongside the Indianchild rights campaigner KailashSatyarthi.

Yet since that decisive gunshotin October 2012, Ms. Yousafzaiand her compelling story havebeen reshaped by a range of pow-erful forces — often, though notalways, for good — in ways thathave left her straddling perilousfault lines of culture, politics andreligion.

In Pakistan, conservatives as-sailed the schoolgirl as an unwit-ting pawn in an American-led as-sault. In the West, she came toembody the excesses of violentIslam, or was recruited by cam-paigners to raise money andawareness for their causes. Ms.Yousafzai, guided by her fatherand a public relations team,helped to transform that imageherself, co-writing a best-sellingmemoir.

And now the Nobel Prize com-mittee has provided a fresh twiston her story, recasting her as anenvoy for South Asian peace.

Announcing the prize in Osloon Friday, the committee chair-

man, Thorbjorn Jagland, said itwas important for “a Hindu and aMuslim, an Indian and a Paki-stani, to join in a common strug-gle for education and against ex-tremism” — a resonant messagein a week in which the Pakistaniand Indian armies have ex-changed shellfire across a dis-puted stretch of border, killing 20villagers. But it was also a mes-sage that highlighted how far Ms.Yousafzai has come from heroriginal incarnation as theschoolgirl who defied the Talibanand lived to tell the tale.

Amid the debate about the poli-tics of her celebrity, few questionthe heroism of Ms. Yousafzai — acharismatic and exceptionally el-oquent teenager who has fol-lowed an astonishing trajectory

OLI SCARFF/AGENCE FRANCE-PRESSE — GETTY IMAGES

Malala Yousafzai, 17, said she was honored to be the youngest person to receive the award. She dedicated it to the “voiceless.”

Two Champions of Children

Are Given Nobel Peace Prize

CHANDAN KHANNA/AFP — GETTY IMAGES

Kailash Satyarthi, an Indianchild rights campaigner.

Continued on Page A10

By DAVID W. CHEN

WHITE PLAINS — Micro-phone in hand, hair impeccablycoifed, Rob Astorino embracesthe role of television reporter inthe campaign video, interviewingNew Yorkers in the parking lot ofa suburban supermarket. Afterhe asks them to say why the en-trenched incumbent must beousted, the slogan “It’s time for achange” appears, accompaniedby Lee Greenwood’s “God Blessthe U.S.A.”

The clip is not from Mr. As-torino’s campaign to unseat Gov.Andrew M. Cuomo, or even hissuccessful 2009 bid for Westches-ter County executive. It dates to a1985 Council race in his home-town, Mount Pleasant. He was an18-year-old volunteer.

“It was the pay-to-play, it wasthe overdevelopment,” Mr. Asto-rino, a Republican, recalled in aninterview at his campaign head-quarters here. “And the arro-gance — that’s what got us in-volved. Much like the guy I’mrunning against now.”

The narrative of many a politi-cal candidate is often filled withepiphanies or turning pointshelping to explain how the candi-date has changed, over time, onkey issues.

Mr. Astorino, not so much.Ask anyone who has crossed

paths with him at virtually anystage of his career, first in radioand now in politics, to sum himup, and the same words spill out:

Cuomo’s RivalA ConservativeSince Day One

Continued on Page A20

By NICHOLAS CONFESSORE

More than half of the generalelection advertising aired by out-side groups in the battle for con-trol of Congress has come fromorganizations that disclose littleor nothing about their donors, aflood of secret money that is nowat the center of a debate over theline between free speech and cor-ruption.

The advertising, which hasoverwhelmingly benefited Re-publican candidates, is largelypaid for by nonprofit groups andtrade associations, some of whichare established with the purposeof shielding wealthy individualsand corporations that contribute.More money is being spent on ad-vertising by the secret donorsthan by “super PACs,” the explic-itly political committees whosefortunes have dominated atten-tion with the rise of big money inpolitics.

Fifty-five percent of broadcastadvertising in the midterm elec-tions has been paid for by groupsthat do not fully disclose their do-nors, according to an analysis byThe New York Times of advertis-ing data from the Campaign Me-dia Analysis Group, comparedwith 45 percent from super PACs,which are required to file regularfinancial disclosures with theFederal Election Commission.

The proportion of advertisingflowing through nondisclosinggroups is slightly lower than in2012, a presidential election year

Secret Money

Fueling a Flood

Of Political Ads

Continued on Page A16

By ANDREW JACOBS

BEIJING — Virile, canny andpossessed with a boundless appe-tite for red meat, Kuzya, a 23-month-old Siberian tiger, wouldseem the perfect mascot for Pres-ident Vladimir V. Putin of Russia,who had a personal hand in re-introducing Kuzya to the wild inthe Russian Far East in May.

It turns out that Kuzya, like Mr.Putin, has territorial ambitions,which this week drew him acrossthe frigid Amur River that sep-arates Russia and China. His ar-rival set off a diplomatic incidentof sorts when it became clear that“President Putin’s tiger,” as oneRussian newspaper put it, wasfacing possible peril on the Chi-

nese side of the border.On Friday, wildlife officials in

China’s far northeast werescrambling to ascertain Kuzya’swhereabouts after his Russianminders, tracking him by radiotransmitter, expressed concernthat he could end up in the handsof poachers — not an unlikelyoutcome given the steep price arare Siberian tiger can fetch onthe Chinese black market.

“There is still hope that Kuzyawill be sensible and swim backbefore the river turns to icyslush,” the newspaper NovayaGazeta wrote this week.

Despite a spotty record of envi-ronmental stewardship, Chinaholds animals in high regard,both as talismans of good fortune

‘Putin’s Tiger,’ in a Territory Grab All His Own, Swims to China

INTERNATIONAL FUND FOR ANIMAL WELFARE

Kuzya, a Siberian tiger, in May. President Vladimir V. Putin ofRussia had a personal hand in reintroducing him to the wild. Continued on Page A3

JIM WILSON/THE NEW YORK TIMES

Monica DeSantiago, center, was one of the prospective teachersin a residency program run by a charter system in California.

By MOTOKO RICH

OAKLAND, Calif. — MonicaDeSantiago wondered how in theworld she would get the studentsto respect her.

It was the beginning of heryearlong apprenticeship as amath teacher at Berkley May-nard Academy, a charter schoolin this diverse city east of SanFrancisco. The petite, soft-spo-ken Ms. DeSantiago, 23, hadheard the incoming sixth graderswere a rowdy bunch.

She watched closely as PamelaSaberton, a teacher with sevenyears’ experience in city publicschools and Ms. DeSantiago’smentor for the year, strolled theroom. Ms. Saberton rarely raisedher voice, but kept up a constantpatter as she recited what thestudents were doing, as in,“Keion is sitting quietly,” or “Ree-van is working on her math prob-lems.”

To Ms. DeSantiago, the prac-

tice seemed unnatural, if not bi-zarre. But the students quietedand focused on a getting-to-know-you activity, writing downtheir hobbies and favorite foods.

Over the coming year, Ms. Sa-berton would share dozens ofsuch strategies with Ms. DeSan-tiago, one of 29 prospectiveteachers earning a small stipendwhile participating in a residencyprogram run by Aspire PublicSchools, a charter system withschools in California and Mem-phis.

The idea is that teachers, likedoctors in medical residencies,need to practice repeatedly withexperienced supervisors beforethey can be responsible for class-es on their own. At Aspire, men-tors believe that the most im-portant thing that novice teach-ers need to master is the seem-ingly unexciting — but actually

As Apprentices in Classroom,

Teachers Learn What Works

Continued on Page A13

Medical records of the manwho died of Ebola in Dallasraised new questions about hishospital treatment. Page A12.

New Questions in Dallas

In the St. Louis region, four days ofplanned protests against law enforce-ment practices began against a back-drop of renewed suspicions and a cold,steady rain. PAGE A14

NATIONAL A12-17

Chill in the Air at Protests

The Islamic State is heavily reinforcingits effort to seize the Syrian city of Koba-ni, a Kurdish enclave. PAGE A4

INTERNATIONAL A4-11

ISIS Intensifies Siege in Syria

A special issue on food and children, in-cluding breakfast all over the world, aguide for raising good eaters, the prob-lem with cookbooks for parents and aseven-course tasting menu for secondgraders at the French restaurant Dan-iel. Plus: Key, the mini-magazine on realestate. THIS WEEKEND

THE MAGAZINE

What Children EatThe principal of a struggling Brooklynhigh school resigned, sternly criticizingthe Education Department. PAGE A19

NEW YORK A19-21

Resignation Carries a Message

Joe Nocera PAGE A23

EDITORIAL, OP-ED A22-23

The zigs and zags were a reminder thatmost asset prices are at historical highsbut that is unlikely to last without clear-er signs of global growth. PAGE B1

BUSINESS DAY B1-8

Markets Shake Investors’ Faith

The novelist Sheng Keyi has conjured asleek but dystopian vision of her coun-try after the 1989 crackdown. PAGE A4

A Chinese Writer’s Tiananmen

The Army War College rescinded themaster’s degree of Senator John E.Walsh, saying that the Montana Demo-crat plagiarized a paper there. PAGE A14

NATIONAL

Senator Loses Degree

The firm’s admission of inaccuraciesraised questions about a system that af-fects what Americans watch. PAGE B1

Nielsen Ratings Were Wrong

A 10th-inning home run by Alex Gordon,below, helped Kansas City earn itsfourth extra-inning victory of the post-season with an 8-6 defeat of Baltimore inthe A.L.C.S. opener. PAGE D1

SPORTSSATURDAY D1-8

Royals Again Work Late to Win

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