© 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 1 © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning Name at least 1 injury to the hip or pelvis that you know of. 1

© 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning1© 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning

Name at least 1 injury to the hip or pelvis that you know of.

1

The Hip and Pelvis


Upon completion of this chapter, you should be able to: Explain the importance of the hip and pelvis as a

support structure for the human body Describe the skeletal structure of the hip and

pelvis List the primary muscles of the hip and pelvis Describe common injuries associated with the

hip and pelvis

3


The hip is one of the most stable joints in the body strongest joint in body Well protected and surrounded by muscle Freely movable, ball-and-socket joint Attachment site for these muscles:

Back Abdomen Hamstrings & quads Abductors & adductors Gluteals

4


The pelvis: Transmits weight from axial skeleton to lower

limbs when standing, or to ischial tuberosities when sitting

Provides attachments for various muscles that attach onto and control the lower limbs

Houses parts of the digestive and urinary tracts Houses reproductive systems

5


Ilium: upper & lateral sections of pelvis

Sacrum: 5 fused vertebrae

Ischium: between ilium & pubis; bears weight of body when sitting

Pubis: to the front, below bladder

Coccyx: tailbone

6


Iliac crest: upper ridge of ilium

Greater sciatic notch: space through which sciatic nerve passes

Iliac fossa: concave inner surface of ilium

Obturator foramina: large openings in ischium

Symphysis: line where 2 sides of pubis are fused

7

© 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning8© 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning 8

Female Male

FemaleMale


Hip flexors: Iliopsoas Sartorius Pectineus Rectus femoris

Adductor muscles: A. longus A. brevis A. magnus

9


Hamstring muscles & glutes: aid in hip extension

10


Bursitis Commonly seen in athletes who do not

sufficiently stretch and warm up the outside of the hip

Symptoms: tenderness Treatment: limiting activity, stretching exercises, and

ice massage, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medicines (NSAIDs)

11


Hip fracture Break of the top part of the femur

where it connects to the pelvis Symptoms: severe hip pain Treatment: highly individualized

12


Quadriceps and hip flexor strains Common in sports

requiring jumping, kicking, or repetitive sprinting

Treatment: icing, compression with an elastic wrap, and anti-inflammatory medications

Rehabilitation: progressive and sport specific

13


Hamstring strains Mild or moderate damage in the muscle tissue Completely tearing the muscles or separating

them from connective tendons is a hamstring tear

Symptoms: sharp pain in the back of the thigh, bruising, swelling, loss of strength, and hearing a “pop”

Treatment: RICE, medication, and physical therapy and rehabilitation

14


Adductor (groin) strains Common in sports requiring sudden sideways

changes in direction Treatment: rest, ice, and anti-inflammatory

medications, adductor stretching and strengthening exercises

15


Iliotibial band syndrome Inflammation of iliotibial band

Symptoms: irritation over the outside of the knee joint Treatment: rule out mechanical problems or training

errors, proper footwear, icing the area of pain, and stretching

16


Quadriceps contusions Usually caused by a direct blow to the thigh

Treatment: compression, ice (applied during the first 24 to 48 hours), and crutches

17


Myositis ossificans (calcium deposit) Usually the result of recurrent trauma to a

quadricep muscle that was not properly protected after an initial injury

Symptoms: hard, painful mass in the soft tissue of the thigh and progressive loss of bending motion of the injured knee

Treatment: heat, limitation of joint motion, rehabilitative exercises within the limits of pain; surgery may be necessary

18


Take out one sheet of paper & list all members of this class, one name per line. (Leave plenty of room to the right of each name.)

19


Click Here to Play Hamstring Strain Animation


Iliac crest contusion (“hip pointer”) Painful injury caused by

a direct blow to the hip Symptoms: extreme

tenderness, swelling, and ecchymosis over the iliac crest

Treatment: ice and compression

21


Overuse injuries Cumulative effect of very low levels of stress Include chronic muscle strains, stress fractures,

tendonitis, “snapping hip” (iliopsoas tendon rolls over head of femur), and bursitis

Treatment: rest and exercise different body parts (cross-training)

22


Stress fractures: Pelvis stress fractures occur most often in

runners and dancers Femur stress fractures usually occur in runners

Symptoms: chronic, ill-defined pain over the groin and thigh

Treatment: rest and nonweight-bearing endurance exercises

23

© 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning24© 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning 24

Hamstrings/Glutes

Adductor (groin)

Hip flexors

Quadriceps

Calves


The hip is a stable joint that is well protected and surrounded by muscle on all sides

The pelvis is made up of several flattened bones that function as a support structure

Injuries to the hip and thigh are very common in athletics

25

Documents

© 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 1 © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning Name at least 1 injury to the hip or pelvis that you know of. 1